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1.
The objective of this exploratory study of teacher beliefs was twofold: first, to determine whether the construct of academic optimism could be defined and measured as an individual teacher characteristic as it has been at the collective school level, and second, to identify sets of teacher beliefs and practices that were good predictors of academic optimism. With a diverse sample of American elementary teachers, a second-order principal components analysis supported the hypothesis that academic optimism was a general construct composed of efficacy, trust, and academic emphasis. In addition, dispositional optimism, humanistic classroom management, student-centred beliefs and practices, and organizational citizenship behaviour were individually and collectively related to the explanation of a teacher's sense of academic optimism, controlling for SES. 相似文献
2.
关于乐观主义的理论和实践研究一直受到国内外学者的青睐。近期,一些美国学者发现“学业乐观”是影响学生成就的关键因素,他们的研究对我国的学校教育提供了一些良好的启示。 相似文献
3.
Jana Straková Jaroslava Simonová David Greger 《School Effectiveness & School Improvement》2018,29(3):446-463
Educational effectiveness research has provided evidence about the importance of teacher beliefs and attitudes for teaching and learning. This study builds on the concept of academic optimism, which combines 3 aspects of a teacher’s professional creed: self-efficacy, trust, and academic emphasis. The study explores the functioning of the collective and individual measures of academic optimism in the Czech environment and studies its impact on students’ outcomes. The analyses are based on pilot data from 39 schools, 325 teachers, and 1,316 Grade 9 students and on the data from the Czech Longitudinal Study in Education (CLoSE), covering 163 schools, 1,469 teachers, and 4,798 students. The individual measure was selected for further studies based on 2-level confirmatory factor analysis. Two-level structural equation modelling showed a significant impact of a school’s academic optimism on students’ achievement even after controlling for prior achievement and socioeconomic status at both the student and the school level. 相似文献
4.
Jason H. Wu 《Asia Pacific Education Review》2013,14(3):419-433
This study was designed to examine the construct of academic optimism and its relationship with collective responsibility in a sample of Taiwan elementary schools. The construct of academic optimism was tested using confirmatory factor analysis, and the whole structural model was tested with a structural equation modeling analysis. The data were collected from a sample of 1,093 teachers from the 103 schools in Hualien County, Taiwan. The results of this research demonstrated that academic optimism was confirmed as a latent construct manifested by collective efficacy, faculty trust in students and parents, and academic emphasis in Taiwan elementary schools. Furthermore, the research also extended the theory of academic optimism by demonstrating that academic optimism works through collective responsibility to significantly influence student achievement, while controlling for socioeconomic status, school size, and prior student achievement. 相似文献
5.
This article presents a model for research on the effects of school organizational heath factors on primary school academic achievement in Trinidad and Tobago. The model can be applicable for evaluating schools in other developing countries. As proposed, the model hypothesizes relationships between external factors (exogenous variables), school-level factors (endogenous variables), and school outcomes (student achievement and positive school climate). The endogenous variables are sub-scales of school organizational health. They include principal leadership, psycho-social environment, school–home–community relationships, teacher characteristics, curriculum quality, and school culture. These subscales are partially influenced by the Organizational Health Inventory OHI (Hoy and Feldman, 1987) and by school health indices set forth by the World Health Organization (1996). It is hoped that this school organizational health model can provide a conceptual tool for formulating a more comprehensive measure of healthy schools. 相似文献
6.
Fu-Yuan Hong 《Educational studies》2017,43(2):165-185
The main purpose of this research was to examine the relationships among school principals’ transformational leadership, school academic optimism, teachers’ academic optimism and teachers’ professional commitment. This study conducted a questionnaire survey on 367 teachers from 20 high schools in Taiwan by random sampling, using principals’ transformational leadership scale, a school academic optimism scale, teachers’ academic optimism scale, and teachers’ professional commitment scale. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that there is good fit in the factor structure of school academic optimism and teachers’ academic optimism. The results of the Pearson product-moment correlation analysis and path analysis revealed that principals’ transformational leadership has a positive effect on school academic optimism and teachers’ academic optimism. School academic optimism has a positive effect on teachers’ academic optimism. Principals’ transformational leadership and teachers’ academic optimism have a positive effect on teachers’ professional commitment. Finally, this research offers some suggestions based on the results. 相似文献
7.
Li-Yi Wang Jen-Yi Li Liang-See Tan Ling Lee 《British Journal of Educational Studies》2017,65(3):385-403
Drawing from Albert Bandura’s social cognitive theory, Tschannen-Moran, Woolfolk Hoy and Hoy (1998) proposed an integrated model of teacher efficacy to aid the understanding of this complex construct. This framework, despite its richness and usefulness in framing teacher efficacy research within the education landscape, is barely examined in the Southeast Asian education context. Acknowledging that teacher efficacy is a context-specific construct, this article discusses three defining features of the socio-cultural context in Singapore, including diversification of curriculum, high-stakes examinations and the culture of collectivism. We argue that these three features present a unique culturally appropriated perspective on the interpretation of Tschannen-Moran et al.’s integrated conceptual framework. These contextual characteristics and their implications to choices of methodological inquiries need to be considered in the application of this influential framework to teacher efficacy research across subject matters, levels and academic streams in Singapore as well as other education systems that share similar socio-cultural backgrounds. 相似文献
8.
采用问卷调查法对386名苗族初中生的学习乐观现状及其与社会支持的关系进行了探讨。结果表明:(1)苗族初中生的学习乐观整体上表现出积极趋势,但其结构的内部发展不平衡,学习效能乐观明显低于学习期望乐观,并有一定比例的学生学习乐观水平较低;(2)苗族初中生的学习乐观存在显著的性别差异和一定的年级差异;苗族学生的学习乐观水平显著低于汉族学生;(3)各来源的主观支持和支持利用度(包括烦恼倾诉、团体参与)对学习乐观具有显著预测作用。 相似文献
9.
为验证学业情绪与学校生活满意度之间的相关性,检验乐观在学业情绪与学校生活满意度之间的调节作用,采用学业情绪问卷、乐观问卷与学校生活满意度问卷对三所高中的中学生进行问卷调查。结果:积极学业情绪正向预测学校生活满意度,消极学业情绪则负向预测;乐观可调节消极学业情绪与学校生活满意度之间的关系,但是乐观对高、低唤醒学业情绪的调节作用大小不同;乐观不可以调节积极学业情绪与学校生活满意度之间的关系。结论:乐观是消极学业情绪与学校生活满意度之间的调节器。 相似文献
10.
ABSTRACTA multilevel framework was applied to investigate the effects of teacher characteristics, school environment, and district level HRM practices on teacher commitment. Drawing on the results from a public school teacher survey conducted in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi in 2014, four forms of teacher commitment (commitment to school, to students, to teaching, and to community) were tested, which provided empirical evidence to further the development of teacher commitment as a multi-foci construct. The results of the three-level model revealed differentiating effects of some individual and organisational variables on different forms of teacher commitment and highlighted that nationality, multiple interpersonal support, and collegial relationships were the most consistent and strong variables to predict teacher commitment. This study suggested that the social and interpersonal environment of school played a significant role in influencing teacher commitment. Results were discussed in relation to improving the commitment of teachers in the empirical context of Abu Dhabi public schools. 相似文献
11.
Altay Eren 《Teaching and Teacher Education》2012,28(1):111-123
This study aimed to examine the mediating role of prospective teachers’ academic optimism in the relationship between their future time perspective and professional plans about teaching. A total of 396 prospective teachers voluntarily participated in the study. Correlation, regression, and structural equation modeling analyses were conducted in order to examine the mediating role of academic optimism. Results demonstrated that the relationships between future time perspective and planned effort, planned persistence, and professional development aspirations were significantly and fully mediated by academic optimism; whereas the relationship between future time perspective and leadership aspirations was not. 相似文献
12.
Ronan Van Rossem Marjolijn Vermande Beate Völker Chris Baerveldt 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》2015,36(5):669-688
Social capital is generally considered beneficial for students’ school adjustment. This paper argues that social relationships among pupils generate social capital at both the individual and the class levels, and that each has its unique effect on pupils’ performance and well-being. The sample in this study consists of 1036 children in 60 first-grade classes in 46 Dutch elementary schools. Multilevel regression results show that a substantial proportion of the variance in school adjustment can be attributed to the class level and that both individual-level and classroom-level social capital have substantial effects on school adjustment. At the individual level, the size of one’s network is more important than its structure. At the collective level, social capital also has a ‘dark side’ because it can have negative effects on adjustment, lowering the academic performance in a class. 相似文献
13.
Tara L. Haynes Joelle C. Ruthig Raymond P. Perry Robert H. Stupnisky Nathan C. Hall 《Research in higher education》2006,47(7):755-779
Although optimism is generally regarded as a positive dispositional characteristic, unmitigated optimism can be problematic. The adaptiveness of overly optimistic expectations in novel or unfamiliar settings is questionable because individuals have little relevant experience on which to base such expectations. In this four-phase longitudinal study we examined over-optimism in students when making the transition from a familiar academic setting (high school) to a novel academic setting (college). In particular, we focused on the efficacy of attributional retraining (AR), a control-enhancing intervention, to ameliorate the scholastic transition of overly optimistic students in terms of academic-related causal attributions and control perceptions, course grades, and overall GPAs. Results suggest that overly optimistic college students who did not receive the AR intervention increasingly endorsed maladaptive causal explanations for academic performance, and performed at the same level as students with extremely low optimism. Conversely, as expected, over-optimists who received the AR intervention significantly increased in their use of adaptive causal explanations and perceptions of control, in addition to academically outperforming the no-AR/over-optimists. These findings indicate that the potential risks associated with over-optimism may be reduced by pairing optimism with AR to induce adaptive cognitions, thereby facilitating achievement. 相似文献
14.
Several studies have revealed that older students in a year group reach higher achievement scores than younger students in that group. But less is known about how students' relative age in class relates to their self-perception of academic achievement, their social acceptance in class and to how teachers judge their abilities. Therefore, we examined relative age effects within class on students' academic self-concept, peer relations, grades, and teachers’ secondary school recommendation. Analyses were based on a sample of N = 18,956 German fourth graders, who had never been retained or accelerated. We applied multilevel regression to control for covariates at the individual and classroom level. There were no substantial relative age effects within class across any of the outcomes, except for a small advantage for the youngest in their reading self-concept. Our findings therefore contradict the common assumption that younger students in class are disadvantaged compared to their older classmates. 相似文献
15.
Jong -Hyo Park 《Asia Pacific Education Review》2006,7(1):108-119
In a sample of 244 first graders, we identified four subtypes of children based on multi-informant measures of victimization
by peers and aggression toward peers: aggressive victims (AV), non-victimized aggressors, non-aggressive victims, and non-aggressive,
non-victimized (i.e., normative) children. We examined the differences between the aggressor/victim groups concurrently and
two years later in third grade in terms of both mental health symptoms (severity and directionality) and school functioning
(academic competence and school engagement). AV showed the worst results for mental health, academic competence, and school
engagement concurrently and two years later. The role of first-grade teacher experience and education in predicting third-grade
outcomes was also the subject of examination. Significant interactional effects were found between both AV and teacher experience
and education. Most notably, the education level of first-grade teachers interacted with AV status to predict school engagement,
such that the least engaged students at third grade were AV whose first-grade teachers had no schooling beyond a bachelor’s
degree. 相似文献
16.
This study examines teachers of Black male students in a United States secondary school setting. Qualitative methods were used to document teachers' ideologies of and practices with their Black male students. In general, teachers drew upon competing structural and cultural explanations of Black male social and academic outcomes, while also engaging in practices that contested school barriers for Black males. Teacher beliefs about and practices with their Black male students were inconsistent in many ways, yet their agency on behalf of Black males might be understood as essential to Black male educational progress. 相似文献
17.
Individuals and Leadership in an Australian Secondary Science Department: A Qualitative Study 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Wayne Melville John Wallace Anthony Bartley 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2007,16(6):463-472
In this article, we consider the complex and dynamic inter-relationships between individual science teachers, the social space
of their work and their dispositions towards teacher leadership. Research into the representation of school science departments
through individual science teachers is scarce. We explore the representations of four individual teachers to the assertions
of teacher leadership proposed by Silva et al. (Teach Coll Rec, 102(4):779–804, 2000). These representations, expressed during
regular science department meetings, occur in the social space of Bourdieu’s “field” and are a reflection of the “game” of
science education being played within the department. This departmentally centred space suggests an important implication
when considering the relationship between subject departments and their schools. The development of an individual’s representation
of teacher leadership and the wider “field” of science education appears to shape the individual towards promoting their own
sense of identity as a teacher of science, rather than as a teacher within a school. Our work suggests that for these individuals,
the important “game” is science education, not school improvement. Consequently, the subject department may be a missing link
between efforts to improve schools and current organizational practices. 相似文献
18.
In this investigation of high school students (N = 2510) in Singapore (Study 1) and elementary school students (N = 119) in Australia (Study 2), we examined the role of instrumental and emotional forms of teacher support in students' academic buoyancy and academic outcomes (engagement and academic skills). In both studies, perceived instrumental support (but not perceived emotional support) was positively associated with academic buoyancy (moderate effect size in Study 1, large effect in Study 2). In Study 1, academic buoyancy was positively associated with students' academic engagement (specifically, effort and persistence [large effect], perceived importance of school [moderate effect], and feelings of school belonging [moderate effect]). In Study 2 academic buoyancy was positively associated with gains in students' academic skills and engagement (specifically, class participation [large effect] and future aspirations [large effect]). In both studies, there was tentative support for a mediating role of academic buoyancy linking students' perceived teacher support to academic outcomes. 相似文献
19.
20.
Klaas van Veen Peter Sleegers Piet-Hein van de Ven 《Teaching and Teacher Education》2005,21(8):917-934
This paper presents a cognitive social–psychological theoretical framework on emotions, derived from Richard Lazarus, to understand how teachers’ identity can be affected in a context of reforms. The emphasis of this approach is on the cognitive–affective processes of individual teachers, enabling us to gain a detailed understanding of what teachers have at stake or what their personal, moral, and social concerns are. To illustrate the usefulness of this approach, a case of a reform-enthusiast Dutch secondary school teacher of Dutch language and literature is presented. The analysis of his emotions of enthusiasm for the reforms, and his emotions of anxiety, anger, guilt, and shame related to the way the reforms unfold in his school and influence his work, show the many ways his identity and concerns are affected, resulting in a loss of reform enthusiasm. The paper ends with a reflection on the possible risks of current educational policies to the commitment and quality of the current and next generation of teachers. 相似文献