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本文介绍了由澳大利亚国家健康和医疗咨询中心提供资助的一项研究.此项研究探讨了23位唐氏综合症儿童气质特点及对他们母亲教养行为的影响.结果发现唐氏综合症的儿童与正常儿童明显差异.容易型气质的唐氏综合症儿童比困难型儿童容易引起母亲的直接教育反应和较少的负情绪语言表达;而且母亲的教养方式与唐氏综合症儿童的气质中的活动性、节律性、趋避、适应性和心境纬度有显着相关. 相似文献
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离异家庭儿童行为问题与母亲教养方式的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本研究采用父母养育方式评价量表和Rutter儿童行为问卷,对226名幼儿的行为问题与其母亲的教养方式进行了调查。结果发现,离异家庭幼儿的行为问题检出率高,其行为问题与母亲的教养方式显著相关,且离异家庭与正常家庭母亲的教养方式也存在显著差异。说明母亲不良的教养方式是影响幼儿行为问题的重要因素。因此,对离异家庭幼儿行为问题的干预,关键是对母亲教养方式的干预。改善不良的教育方式,是减少幼儿行为问题发生的根本措施。 相似文献
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一位母亲带女儿来心理门诊咨询:“女儿9岁,很怕生,胆子也特别小;做事没有长性,花了好多精力,学这学那,都半途而废。不知是否存在心理问题?”为了了解孩子的气质和父母的教养情况,我们用“儿童气质量表”和“家庭教养方式问卷”对孩子和父母教养情况进行了测查。母亲的担心从儿童量表测查的结果得到了反映,孩子坚持性较低,情绪消极,表现出了明显的退缩行为。这个结果证实了母亲的判断,而另一个结果却是母亲始料不及的,在父母的教养方式问卷中,我们看到家庭在教养孩子的时候,多采用否认和拒绝方式,对孩子的不适行为也多采用惩罚!这个结果,使我们不难理解孩子的一些问题行为。 相似文献
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目的:探讨父母教养方式与学业不良儿童孤独感的关系,为学业不良儿童孤独感干预提供心理学依据.方法:运用父母教养方式评价量表(EMBU)和儿童孤独量表,在北京市四所普通小学四到六年级1276名小学生中筛查出144名学业不良儿童为被试进行团体测查,另外在一般儿童中简单随机抽取227名儿童作为对照组.采用方差分析、相关分析和逐步回归进行统计分析.结果:(1)学业不良儿童父母教养方式在父母"情感温暖"及"惩罚严厉"、"拒绝否认"三个维度得分和一般儿童比较,差别有统计学意义(P＜0.01),而孤独感得分显著高于一般儿童(P＜0.001);学业不良儿童的孤独感与父母的"情感温暖"呈显著负相关,与父母的"惩罚严厉"、"拒绝否认"呈显著正相关.(2)父母教养方式对学业不良儿童孤独感的影响模式与一般儿童孤独感的影响模式在回归方程中存在差异.对学业不良儿童,母亲的惩罚严厉和父亲的温暖理解是最主要的解释变量.而对一般儿童,母亲的拒绝否认和母亲的温暖理解是最主要的解释变量.结论:学业不良儿童的孤独感与父母教养方式有关,父母应改变其不良的教养方式.对待学业不良子女时,尤其要减少母亲采取严厉的教养方式. 相似文献
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父母教养方式对子女自尊的影响越来越受到重视，相应的研究也日益深化和丰富。国外S.Coopersmith(1967)、GF.Kawash(1985)、D.MNielaon和A．Metha(1994)等人研究发现儿童青少年的自尊与父母教养方式之间有着重要的关系。美国学对父母的行为方式与儿童自尊关系的研究结果表明：低自尊组儿童父母倾向于严厉惩罚，高自尊组儿童家 相似文献
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为了研究和比较父母教养方式与儿童自尊发展之间的关系,对河北省张家口市张北县两所小学的373名高年级儿童进行了自尊和父母教养方式的问卷调查。统计分析结果显示：1.儿童自尊发展和父母教养方式各因子之间存在着极其显著的正相关或者负相关;2.高自尊组和低自尊组的儿童在父母教养方式的多个因子上存在着显著的差异,表明父母教养方式对儿童自尊有较好的预测作用;3.运用因素分析法对两组儿童父母教养方式进行分析,发现其在更为抽象的层次上存在差异。 相似文献
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2岁儿童母子互动模式与4岁时儿童社会行为关系的追踪研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
作为儿童早期主要的抚养者和促进儿童社会化的重要代理人，毋庸置疑，母亲对儿童的发展具有重要的作用。这早已为实证研究所验证。关于母亲对儿童的影响，一种研究范式是对教养方式类型的研究，探讨不同教养类型与儿童行为的关系。这种研究的典型是Baumrind关于父母教养方式的研究。另外一种研究取向是通过对具体维度的考察来研究母亲对儿童的影响。上述两种研究取向的共同缺点是只强调母亲对儿童的影响，没有考虑到儿童对母亲的反作用。事实上父母与儿童之间是一个相互影响的人际交往过程，儿童自 相似文献
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为探讨父母婚姻质量与儿童行为问题的关系,并考察儿童气质的调节作用,采用随机整群抽样的方法抽取110名1~3年级儿童及其家长和老师,选用Conners《儿童行为问卷:父母问卷》(PSQ)、王宇中《婚姻主观感受量表》(MPS)和刘文、杨丽珠编制的《基于教师评定3~9岁儿童气质结构量表》进行调查.结果显示:父母婚姻质量与儿童行为问题呈显著负相关,且夫妻冲突可以显著正向预测儿童行为问题.儿童的活动性、反应性、专注性与儿童行为问题呈显著负相关,且儿童专注性可以显著负向预测儿童行为问题.儿童的专注性在父母婚姻质量和儿童行为问题的关系之间调节效应显著,即儿童专注性越低,父母婚姻质量对于儿童行为问题的负效应越大.结论:专注性在父母婚姻质量对儿童行为问题的关系之间起到调节作用. 相似文献
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气质活动性是影响儿童心理行为发展的重要因素,探讨儿童气质活动性和父母教养因素的相互作用已经成为气质心理学研究的热点问题。本文集中介绍了国内外关于儿童气质活动性及其与父母教养因素相互作用研究的新进展,并对未来的研究工作作了展望。 相似文献
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OBJECTIVE: This multi-method study of 102 mothers, fathers, and children examined children's difficult temperament as a moderator of the links between parental personality and future parenting. METHODS: Parents described themselves on the Big Five traits and Optimism. Children's difficult temperament was observed at 25 and 38 months in paradigms that assessed proneness to anger. Each parent's responsive, affectively positive parenting was observed in lengthy naturalistic interactions at 67 months. RESULTS: Regardless of child temperament, for mothers, low Neuroticism, and for fathers, high Extraversion predicted more positive parenting. For difficult, anger-prone children, mothers' low and high Optimism and fathers' low and high Openness were associated, respectively, with less or more positive parenting. CONCLUSIONS: Challenges due to children's difficult temperaments appear to amplify links between parental personality traits and parenting. 相似文献
12.
Relations of parenting and temperament to Chinese children's experience of negative life events, coping efficacy, and externalizing problems 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The relations of parenting and temperament (effortful control and anger/frustration) to children's externalizing problems were examined in a 3.8-year longitudinal study of 425 native Chinese children (6–9 years) from Beijing. Children's experience of negative life events and coping efficacy were examined as mediators in the parenting- and temperament-externalizing relations. Parents reported on their own parenting. Parents and teachers rated temperament. Children reported on negative life events and coping efficacy. Parents, teachers, children, or peers rated children's externalizing problems. Authoritative and authoritarian parenting and anger/frustration uniquely predicted externalizing problems. The relation between authoritarian parenting and externalizing was mediated by children's coping efficacy and negative school events. The results suggest there is some cross-cultural universality in the developmental pathways for externalizing problems. 相似文献
13.
《Early childhood research quarterly》2003,18(3):376-395
The goal of this study was to explore the relations between child temperament, parenting daily hassles, and children’s social adjustment in preschool. The participants were 122 preschool children (Mage=48.59 months, SD=6.92). Parents completed measures of child temperament and parenting daily hassles. Preschool social adjustment was assessed through teacher ratings and behavioral observations. Among the results, parenting daily hassles predicted child externalizing problems beyond the contribution of child temperament characteristics. As well, child temperament interacted with parenting hassles in the prediction of adjustment outcomes. Results are discussed in terms of the complex inter-associations between child temperament and stress and their contributions to child social adjustment. 相似文献
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Orlanda Cruz Isabel Abreu-Lima Catarina Canário Margaret Burchinal 《Parenting, science and practice》2018,18(2):126-140
Objective. Children vary in how sensitive they are to environmental influences. Child temperament is an individual difference factor that appears to moderate the impact of environment on early child development. This study contrasts the “diathesis-stress/dual risk” and “differential susceptibility” models in examining difficult temperament as a moderator of the relation between preschool parenting and school-aged child persistence. Design. A longitudinal design included 61 typically developing Portuguese children (31 girls) assessed when they were toddlers (Time 1 at 1–3 years), preschoolers (Time 2 at 4–6 years), and school aged (Time 3 at 8–10 years). At Time 1, parents were recruited and interviewed. At Time 2, semi-structured mother–child interactions were observed, and preschool teachers rated children’s temperament. At Time 3, children’s task persistence was rated by their elementary teachers. Results. Difficult temperament moderated the association between mother–child interactions and child persistence, with stronger associations for children with more difficult temperaments. Conclusions. Consistent with the diathesis-stress model, results reveal that high levels of positive parenting reduce the risk of low self-regulation associated with difficult temperament. 相似文献
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Noriko Porter Katherine A. Loveland 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》2019,66(3):249-272
AbstractParents of children with autism experience elevated stress that may be influenced by specific characteristics of the child and parent, including cultural norms and beliefs about parenting. However, there is little research on families of children with autism from cultural perspectives. The purpose of this integrative review is to identify factors influencing parenting stress in mothers of children with autism in Japan. A final sample of 15 primary research articles (2000–2015) on parenting stress in mothers of Japanese children with autism was selected using several databases. The findings suggested that these mothers experience much greater parenting stress than mothers of typically developing children and children with other disabilities. Japanese mothers also demonstrate stress related to attachment difficulties, low parenting efficacy and lack of support, reflecting Japanese parenting styles and gender ideology. Parent-directed and culturally calibrated interventions are needed to support parents of children with autism, especially cultural minority parents. 相似文献
16.
Longitudinal and Concurrent Relations among Temperament, Ability Estimation, and Injury Proneness 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
This study examined longitudinal and concurrent relations between temperament, ability estimation, and injury proneness. Longitudinal assessments of Inhibitory Control were collected through a behavioral battery at toddler (33 months) and preschool ages (46 months). Parent-reported measures of Inhibitory Control and Extraversion also were obtained at those ages. At school age (76 months), children participated in a set of tasks to assess overestimation and underestimation of physical abilities. Parents provided reports of children's temperament and injury history at school age. Results showed that children who were high on Extraversion and low on Inhibitory Control as toddlers and preschoolers tended to overestimate their physical abilities and to have more unintentional injuries at age 6. Children low on Extraversion and high on Inhibitory Control tended to underestimate their physical abilities. Implications for injury prevention are discussed. 相似文献
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Parenting stress and social support in hearing mothers of deaf and hearing children: a longitudinal study 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
This longitudinal study investigated the impact of child deafness on mothers' stress, size of social networks, and satisfaction with social support. Twenty-three hearing mothers of deaf children and 23 hearing mothers of hearing children completed a series of self-report questionnaires when their children were 22 months, 3, and 4 years old. When children were 22 months, more mothers of deaf children reported pessimism about their children's achieving self-sufficiency and concerns about their children's communication abilities than did mothers of hearing children. When their children were 3 and 4 years old, mothers of deaf and hearing children did not differ in their reports of general parenting stress, as measured by the Parenting Stress Index (PSI). Likewise, mothers' ratings of satisfaction with social support were not affected by child deafness, nor did they change developmentally. Mothers of deaf and hearing children did differ in the types of support networks utilized. Mothers of deaf 22-month-olds reported significantly larger professional support networks, while mothers of hearing children reported significantly larger general support networks across all child ages. Mothers' feelings of stress and satisfaction with social support were very stable across the 2 years examined. The results suggest that most mothers of deaf children do not feel a high level of general parenting stress or dissatisfaction with their lives and support networks. However, mothers of deaf children are likely to feel stress in areas specific to deafness. In addition, because parenting stress was highly stable, special efforts should be made to intervene when mothers of deaf children are expressing high levels of stress. 相似文献
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Recent research has questioned the role of gender in language development and in special education outcomes, yet neither issue has been addressed in literature on students who are deaf or hard of hearing. To determine if language and placement outcomes differ by gender, the present study considered the behavior of children who attended a clinical program subscribing to an auditory-verbal philosophy. Parents of 28 boys and 42 girls with hearing losses evaluated their children using the Parent Rating Scale of the Leiter International Performance Scale--Revised (Roid & Miller, 1997) and the Parental View of Therapy Scale (developed for the present study). Also, clinical file data were surveyed. The boys were found to be more likely than the girls to be rated by their parents as having basic features of temperament nonconducive to traditional clinical language intervention. The girls' language and placement outcomes surpassed the boys', although both groups' outcomes were positive. A possible limitation of the study was that the population was atypical of students with hearing losses in general. 相似文献
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Research Findings: This study examined how child negative emotionality interacted with mothers’ self-reported parenting in predicting different aspects of social functioning among very young Chinese children. A total of 109 Chinese nursery children in Hong Kong participated with their parents. Maternal supportive and aversive parenting practices were reported by mothers, and child negative emotionality and social functioning were reported by both mothers and fathers. The results revealed interaction effects between child negative emotionality and mothers’ self-reported parenting on children’s internalizing problems, externalizing problems, and social-emotional skill deficiency. Specifically, children with high negative emotionality were more susceptible to the negative effects of aversive parenting (i.e., showing more internalizing and externalizing problems when exposed to aversive parenting) than their peers with low negative emotionality. Negative emotionality also placed young children at risk for social-emotional skill deficiency, especially when they received less support from their mothers compared to their peers. Practice or Policy: Special attention should be paid to the social functioning of Chinese children with higher levels of negative emotionality, because these children are more vulnerable to poor-quality parenting at a very young age. 相似文献