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1.
Vincent Gouttebarge Ruud Jonkers Maarten Moen Evert Verhagen Paul Wylleman Gino Kerkhoffs 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(21):2148-2156
The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and comorbidity of symptoms of common mental disorders (distress, anxiety/depression, sleep disturbance, eating disorders, adverse alcohol use) among current and former Dutch elite athletes, and to explore the inference between potential risk indicators (severe injury, surgery, life events, sport career dissatisfaction, social support) and the outcomes measures under investigation. Cross-sectional analyses were conducted on baseline questionnaires from an ongoing prospective cohort study among 203 current and 282 former elite Dutch athletes (response rate: 28% among current athletes and 95% among former athletes). Based on validated scales, an electronic questionnaire was set up and distributed. Prevalence (4-week) ranged from 6% for adverse alcohol use to 45% for anxiety/depression among current elite athletes, and from 18% for distress to 29% for anxiety/depression among former elite athletes. A higher number of past severe injuries, higher number of past surgeries, higher number of recent life events, higher level of career dissatisfaction and lower level of social support were related to the occurrence of symptoms of common mental disorders among both current and former elite athletes. On average, the 4-week prevalence of common mental disorders as shown in our study among current and former Dutch elite athletes were similar to the ones found among athletes from other sports disciplines and does compare with the lifetime prevalence estimates in the general population of the Netherlands. 相似文献
2.
退役运动员由于自身素质与能力的不足,加之社会变革和退役运动员就业保障制度的不完善,导致在就业竞争中陷入困境。研究认为:应改变以往只注重运动成绩的"单一发展观",要确立以"终身发展"为核心的运动员培养的观念,加强优秀运动员的培养体制的改革;结合运动员自身情况,加强对运动员的文化课教育,实施退役运动员的职业技能培训制度;建立各种健全的退役运动员的再就业保障制度,以及颁布相关的法律法规等问题是今后为退役运动员解决就业难的重要着力点。 相似文献
3.
AbstractMost countries across the world are facing one problem: how to provide support to retired athletes and help them in re-employment. Different countries have different solutions. Study of the retirement and re-employment of professional athletes in China will help us to understand the differences between it and other countries in dealing with this issue. It will also reveal how China’s elite sport system works and how the government played its part in managing and supporting the athletes. This paper studies the formation and implementation of government policies in relation to the re-employment of retired athletes and points out that the Chinese Government plays an important role in providing financial and human resource support for them. However, the policies have also had some shortcomings. For example, the government takes too much of the burden. Only elite athletes who won medals at important national and international sporting events could get solid support after retirement and most of the athletes who failed to make it to the top were neglected by the government. 相似文献
4.
Vincent Gouttebarge Gino Kerkhoffs Mike Lambert 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(5):595-602
The primary aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of symptoms of common mental disorders (CMD) (distress, anxiety/depression, sleeping disturbance, adverse nutrition behaviour, adverse alcohol behaviour and smoking) among retired professional Rugby Union players. The secondary aim was to explore the associations between stressors (life events, Rugby Union career dissatisfaction) and the health conditions under study. Therefore, cross-sectional analyses were conducted on baseline questionnaires from an ongoing prospective cohort study of retired professional Rugby Union players. An electronic questionnaire was established using validated questionnaires to assess symptoms of CMD and stressors. The electronic questionnaire was subsequently distributed to retired players by the national Rugby Union players’ associations in France, Ireland and South Africa. Among 295 retired professional Rugby Union players (mean age of 38 years), prevalence rates were 25% for distress, 28% for anxiety/depression, 29% for sleeping disturbance, 62% for adverse nutrition behaviour, 15% for smoking and 24% for adverse alcohol behaviour. A higher number of life events were associated with distress (OR?=?1.2; 95% CI 1.1–1.4), anxiety/depression (OR?=?1.6; 95% CI 1.2–2.1), sleeping disturbance (OR?=?1.6; 95% CI 1.2–2.1) and adverse nutrition behaviour (OR?=?1.8; 95% CI 1.3–2.5). A higher level of dissatisfaction of the player's Rugby Union career was associated with distress (OR?=?0.9; 95% CI 0.8–1.0), sleeping disturbance (OR?=?0.9; 95% CI 0.9–1.0), smoking (OR?=?0.9; 95% CI 0.9–1.0) and adverse nutrition behaviour (OR?=?0.9; 95% CI 0.8–0.9). In conclusion, our study suggests that prevalence of symptoms of CMD is high among retired professional Rugby Union players, being associated with both a higher number of life events and a higher level of Rugby Union career dissatisfaction. 相似文献
5.
ABSTRACT The purpose of this scoping review was to provide an overview of studies concerning the mental health (MH) of elite athletes and to provide a methodological, conceptual, and applied overview of factors affecting elite athletes’ MH. A total of nine reviews and 43 empirical studies were evaluated and are reported in three sections: sample characteristics, research design, and factors affecting elite athletes’ MH. These factors were grouped into risk and protective factors and divided into a personal and sport-environmental domain. The studies used quantitative (84%), qualitative (11%), and mixed-method (5%) designs and examined a wide range of sports in different countries. Our review shows that researchers have predominantly examined the prevalence of athletes’ mental ill-health (e.g. depression) and the related factors compromising MH. Potential protective factors such as the feeling of autonomy, positive relations in sport and private life, and adequate recovery were highlighted in the qualitative studies. The discussion appraises the findings through a critical lens, focuses on the current state of the research area and the MH definition, limitations, suggested practical implications (e.g. to provide MH literacy to both athletes and coaches), and future research directions (e.g. examining environments that foster elite athletes’ MH). 相似文献
6.
高水平运动员的退役准备与适应: 一项定量研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
以350名退役优秀运动员为对象进行问卷调查，在此基础上选取23人进行访谈调查。调查内容主要包括我国优秀运动员退役过程中的原因、准备以及适应等问题。量化结果表明，我国高水平运动员在退役过程及其后社会职业生涯的适应过程中，由于缺少适当、有效的教育辅导手段的干预，运动员对退役及角色转换的意识存在不足，对于从事竞技运动事业对自己人生发展已经产生的和将来潜在的影响的认识较少有全面的理解和把握。对今后我国运动员退役与人生发展的教育与辅助工作提出了建议。 相似文献
7.
寿文华 《武汉体育学院学报》2004,38(6):37-39
优秀的体育节目主持人除了要具备丰富的知识、良好的口才、播音的技巧之外,还应具有运动的体验和专业知识。优秀退役运动员具备名人效应和体育节目专项化优势,但缺乏相关的知识结构。为把优秀退役运动员培养成为体育节目主持人,可尽快在有关高校开设体育节目主持人专业,可为运动员开设报考体育节目主持人的“绿色通道”,设置运动员报考体育节目主持人的限制条件,另外,运动员也应系统学习各种基本知识和进行播音技巧培训。 相似文献
8.
以参加全国运动会武术比赛的195名优秀运动员为调查对象，采用SCL-90问卷调查，发现优秀武术运动员各项因子分值大于3的仅占2％～9%；9个因子得分优秀男运动员低于优秀女运动员（P〈0．05）；C组（普通高校武术特长生）和B组（体工队退役队员）运动员对文化知识的迫切度高于A组（体工队现役队员）武术运动员。优秀武术运动员心理健康状况良好；运动员的心理健康状况与性别、文化层次有关，建议在训练中根据运动员性别进行心理调整，并不断提高运动员的文化水平，以创造优异的运动成绩。 相似文献
9.
高水平运动员运动损伤的心理反应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对竞技项目运动员来说，运动损伤将产生巨大生理及心理的挑战。研究者们已经证实了运动损伤对高水平运动员所产生的一系列心理方面的影响，并且对于运动员的情感冲击提出了不同的理论模式。目前的研究中通过回顾相关运动损伤心理反应的一系列文献，力求挖掘并总结更系统的运动损伤在心理方面所受到的干扰及影响。通过这一总结又将引出更多的可探讨的问题以供将来在损伤后心理过程和整个恢复方面的研究。更重要的是能将这些所能考虑到的因素有效运用到现实的策略中，以帮助运动员更好的恢复和参与今后的比赛、训练。 相似文献
10.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(3):149-153
Abstract The angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) polymorphism is the most studied genetic marker in the field of human performance. There is a continuing debate in the literature regarding the possible association of ACE genotypes and elite athletic status. In fact, despite recent studies having identified no significant associations in athletes from mixed sporting disciplines, other researchers suggest that the insertion (I) variant may be associated with elite endurance performance, and the deletion (D) variant can be over-represented among elite sprinters. The purpose of the present study was to determine, for the first time, the association between the ACE genotypes and sprint athlete status among elite Italian gymnasts. To test this hypothesis, we assessed 33 elite Italian gymnasts (17 males, 16 females) and a control group of 53 (31 males, 22 females) unrelated sedentary individuals. DNA was extracted from each participant using a buccal swab and the ACE I/D polymorphism was determined using PCR while different amplified fragments were detected by electrophoresis using agarose gel and ethidium bromide staining. The ACE genotypes and allele frequencies among gymnasts (DD, ID, II=0.39, 0.48, 0.12, respectively; D allele=0.64) were not significantly different from those of Italian sedentary controls (DD, ID, II=0.39, 0.45, 0.15, respectively; D allele=0.62). However, the frequencies of our control group were similar to those observed in a sample of Italian sedentary individuals, and different to those of the general Caucasian population reported by other authors. Furthermore, the frequencies of our control group did not differ from those reported in other association studies involving elite sprint athletes. Our results suggest a lack of association between the ACE I/D polymorphism and elite gymnastics performance in Italians. 相似文献
11.
通过对武汉体育学院、湖北散打队等160名优秀散打退役运动员退役前各阶段年龄特征的调查与分析，得出我国优秀散打运动员的退役类型，提出了我国优秀散打运动员成长过程中各阶段的年龄模式、并在此基础上列出我国优秀散打运动员运动最佳运动成绩保持年限的界定参考。 相似文献
12.
我国可测量项目优秀运动员退役的年龄特征及退役致因的研究 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9
通过文献资料法,调查访问法及数理统计法对293名已退役的可测量项目优秀运动员进行退役年龄特征分析及退役致因分析,结果得出:我国可测量项目优秀运动员退役年龄偏小,退役的平均年龄小于国外运动员破世界纪录时的年龄,而且退役年龄因项目和性别不同而不同,存在着心理年龄早于生物年龄现象。优秀运动员退役类型分为4类,其中3/4的运动员属不正常退投。导致运动员不正常退役的因素是多万面的,主要有成绩因素、管理因素、心理因素和伤病因素。 相似文献
13.
研究目的:为了现代竞技体育的发展、解决运动员成长过程中的全面发展和职业化教育矛盾,也为其退役后就业提供保障。研究方法:采用文献资料法、实地调查法、访谈法。结论:高水平运动员的学习动机低,学习缺乏积极性,学习习惯差;优秀运动员文化教育的改革还停留在形式上,造成毕业生学历与实际文化素质不符,间接影响学生的学习价值观和自觉性。建议:优化课程设置、建立多元教育网络、改革激励机制、提高学生学习动机以促进高水平运动员文化教育效果。 相似文献
14.
优秀运动员运动训练科学监控与竞技状态调整 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
目的:对优秀运动员的训练过程实施长期、系统的科学监测,以便在重大比赛前科学地调控运动员的竞技状态是体育科学领域亟待解决的问题。运用运动生理、运动生物化学、运动生物力学和运动心理学等研究方法,研究优秀运动员运动训练科学监控与竞技状态特点和规律。研究认为,1)运动训练的科学监测包括身体机能诊断与监测、运动技战术诊断与监测、心理状态诊断与监测等多方面。优秀运动员身体机能诊断主要采用生理机能指标、血液指标、激素类指标、免疫学指标,结合训练过程分析训练前、后的身体机能变化特征,准确地评定运动负荷和训练方法的科学性、有效性。优秀运动员运动技术诊断主要采用影像测量与分析、力学理论分析、力的测量与分析等方法,对运动员的专项运动技术进行定性和定量诊断。在此基础上进行个体技术优化,解决运动员的技术训练问题,不断提高运动训练科学化水平。在优秀运动员心理状态评价上,根据运动专项的不同,心理状态诊断和评价指标主要包括:心理与神经疲劳状态、注意力水平、专项认知水平、心理技能水平、比赛心理兴奋点的状况、团队凝聚力等;2)运动员的竞技状态主要是指:根据训练目标和相应的训练计划,运动员经过科学、系统的训练,其竞技能力在比赛期间所出现的相对最高和相对稳定的状态。目前竞技状态的调整研究主要集中在训练经验和实验测试两个方面。研究重点介绍建立个体最佳竞技状态模型、赛前运动负荷调整、合理膳食调配与营养补充、竞技心理状态调控等方法;3)中国运动训练科学监控与竞技状态调整研究特点表现在3个方面:注重优秀运动员个性特征研究,形成科研团队进行综合性研究和研究成果直接应用于运动实践。 相似文献
15.
Özgür Kilic Haruhito Aoki Rasmus Haagensen Claus Jensen Urban Johnson Gino M. M. J. Kerkhoffs 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(10):1328-1334
The aim of the study was twofold, namely (i) to determine the prevalence of symptoms of common mental disorders (CMDs) among current and retired professional football and handball players and (ii) to explore the relationship of psychosocial stressors with the outcome measures under study. A total of 1155 players were enrolled in an observational study based on a cross-sectional design. Questionnaires based on validated scales were set up and distributed among current and retired professional football and handball players by the Danish football and handball players’ union. In professional football, the highest prevalence (4 weeks) of symptoms of CMDs was 18% and 19% for anxiety/depression among current and retired players, respectively. In professional handball, the highest prevalence (4 weeks) of symptoms of CMDs was 26% and 16% for anxiety/depression among current and retired players, respectively. For both the current and retired professional football and handball players, a higher number of severe injuries and recent adverse life events (LE) were related to the presence of symptoms of CMD. Players exposed to severe injuries and/or recent adverse LE were 20–50% times more likely to report symptoms of CMD. The results suggest that it is possible to recognize the population of professional athletes that are more likely to develop symptoms of CMD. This could create the opportunity to intervene preventively on athletes that suffered from severe injury and/or recent adverse LE that could lead to a faster and safer recovery and psychological readiness to return to play. 相似文献
16.
退役运动员再就业问题关系到我国运动技术水平的提高和体育事业的持续发展,关系到运动队伍的长远建设和体育后备人才的培养与储备,意义重大。以制约退役运动员再就业的因素分析为视角,从文化素质、心理调适、就业观念、政府扶持等五个方面来分析探讨,从三个方面对解决退役运动员再就业问题进行思考。 相似文献
17.
对我国退役运动员就业安置现状与再教育问题的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过文献资料法、分析讨论法和逻辑分析法对退役运动员类型、退役运动员就业安置问题的现状分析及产生的消极影响、退役运动员就业安置困难产生的主要原因、解决退役运动员就业安置问题的对策及实施的可行性剖析、退役运动员再教育问题的结论和建议等问题进行探讨,提出一些建议和看法,力求为体育和教育行政部门制定相关的政策法规提供参考依据。 相似文献
18.
优秀运动员应激源与运动心理疲劳关系研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
郭玉江 《天津体育学院学报》2009,24(5):449-452
依据Smith认知-情感理论模型及Silva消极训练应激反应模型,采用<运动员应激量表>、<运动员心理疲劳问卷>对132名一级以上11个项目的在训运动员进行调查,结果发现:优秀运动员应激水平属于中等偏低,"运动受伤"和"环境肉素"得分较高;不同训练年限、经济条件的优秀运动员应激水平存在显著性差异,在人际关系因子方面呈现出随入队年限递增而分值递减的趋势,在日常生活遭受方面经济条件差的得分最高;应激各因子与运动心理疲劳总分均存在显著性正相关,高应激组与低应激组的运动心理疲劳存在显著性差异;比赛失利因子进入对运动心理疲劳总分的回归方程. 相似文献
19.
通过文献资料法,对我国退役运动员的生存现状进行阐述,从内外因两方面浅析造成运动员退役后生活困境的原因,并对其退役后出路进行探索。 相似文献
20.
Brooke R. Brisbine Julie R. Steele Elissa J. Phillips 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(5):528-533
ABSTRACTAlthough breast pain is problematic for many active women, no published research has investigated breast pain experienced by elite female athletes. This study aimed to examine the extent that mastalgia and exercise-induced breast pain affected the sporting performance of elite female athletes during training and competition. A custom-designed online survey with questions related to sport participation, as well as the frequency, severity and perceived performance effects of mastalgia and exercise-induced breast pain, was distributed to sporting organisations, coaches, medical staff and teams/clubs throughout Australia. Five hundred and forty female athletes competing nationally or internationally across 49 different sports participated in the survey. Sixty-three percent of respondents reported experiencing breast pain associated with their menstrual cycle and 33% reported that this pain worsened during activity. Forty-four percent of athletes reported experiencing exercise-induced breast pain during training or competition. Both types of breast pain were also reported to negatively affect sporting performance (20% and 32%, respectively). Mastalgia associated with the menstrual cycle and exercise-induced breast pain should be acknowledged as potential problems affecting the sporting performance of elite female athletes. Awareness around the impact of breast pain and the development and implementation of breast pain management strategies are essential for this population. 相似文献