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1.
This paper redefines “frugal innovations”, particularly for physical products with relatively complex designs, by using a multidimensional framework that covers design, technological, and economic aspects of innovations, refining and broadening its initial definition as “low-cost innovations” for the unserved lower end of the mass market (ULM). By applying our framework, this paper clarifies and broadens the concept of frugal innovation. The applicability of this broadened concept is demonstrated by using this framework to illustrate two cases of radical frugal innovations in the automobile industry, Tata Motors Nano and Citroën 2CV, from an emerging country and an advanced country respectively.The study shows that frugal innovation may improve (rather than decrease) performance of the products deliverable to the ULM under extreme budget constraints by extensive architectural changes and creation of technological knowledge, that integral architectures may be adopted more frequently in frugal radical innovation of relatively complex products such as automobiles, and that such products may not be destructive for producers in the higher price segments.The study shows that the existing concepts of frugal innovation that emphasize “low cost/good enough” innovation of “simple products” need to be re-examined, because frugal innovation can also be treated as technological product innovation in the sense that it may improve the performance of relatively complex products deliverable through their architectural changes and creation of technological knowledge. This study shows that there is a domain of innovation policies and strategies activating frugal innovations that calls for integrative and strategic approaches, not only to R&D, but also to other value-adding functions of firms and industries. 相似文献
2.
基于本土资源的重大创新——汉字信息处理系统案例研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文以中国如何产生重大创新为主题，以王选和方正的汉字激光照排系统为案例，对发生在我国ICT领域出现的一个重大创新作了详细的内外因的分析。文章认为，在当前中国的科技水平下，基于本土资源，利用全球技术机遇是培育重大创新的充要条件。创业型科学家是重大创新之父，政府是重大创新的催化器，产学研合作是重大创新的前提。最后文章对今日中国如何推动重大创新、推进产学研合作提出了建议。 相似文献
3.
Helge Godoe 《Research Policy》2000,29(9):657
By introducing the concept of innovation regimes, the aim of this article is to show how the rapid pace of technological development in the telecom sector may be explained by the close links between the sector's own R&D and the creation of numerous innovations, many of which are radical. In contemporary innovation theory, a theoretical antinomy exists: Whereas, the creation of incremental innovations is variously explained in terms of «rational» responses to markets, dynamics of technological regimes, dominant design, etc., radical innovations, in contrast, are explained in terms of serendipity, chance or haphazard scientific discoveries. Evidence from analysis of innovations in the telecom sector suggests that innovation regimes have provided a capability of coordination, direction and leadership in the creation of many of the radical technological innovations that have emerged in the sector. Thus, one may claim that the strong innovation regimes and high R&D intensity of the telecom sector, at least until recently, have provided a capability of creating innovations on purpose — for a purpose. The policy implications of this contradict some of the assumptions on which the prevailing market-oriented R&D governance models and policies are based — and which are supported by contemporary innovation theories. 相似文献
4.
通过整合技术管理、市场营销和组织理论相关研究,建立了企业技术和营销能力影响突破式和渐进式产品创新战略的理论模型,探究了其中异质性和非线性的作用机制,以及竞争强度的调节影响。使用303套我国双份调研问卷的实证分析表明：技术能力能够促进突破式和渐进式产品创新战略,但对前者的影响更大;营销能力有利于渐进式产品创新;营销能力通过倒U型关系影响突破式产品创新,且该非线性关系的拐点和陡峭性被竞争强度所调节。 相似文献
5.
现有理论对于不同特征的知识如何转化为突破性创新的内在机理尚不明晰,由此为实践带来的困惑是企业获取何种外部知识才能取得核心竞争优势。基于此,本文以我国208家高新技术企业为调研对象,探讨了知识特征(隐性知识与复杂性知识)与突破性创新的关系,以及运用权变方法研究了企业社会资本在知识特征与突破性创新关系中的调节作用。结果表明,复杂性知识对突破性创新具有显著影响,结构维度正向调节隐性知识与突破性创新的关系,而认知维度正向调节复杂性知识与突破性创新的关系。最后,探讨了研究结论的管理启示以及未来的研究议题。 相似文献
6.
Fernando E. García-Muiña Eva Pelechano-Barahona José E. Navas-López 《The Journal of High Technology Management Research》2009,20(2):131-144
The current study analyzes the processes involved in obtaining technological innovations. Conclusive results are lacking in the literature, so this work defines and empirically tests a model of the relations between the firm's innovative capacity and the different ways of accumulating knowledge and the decision whether or not to codify it. Also, the model takes into account whether the innovations obtained are radical or incremental.The empirical study uses a sample of Spanish biotechnology firms, and the results show that accumulating knowledge using internal sources and not codifying it significantly improves the firm's capacity to develop radical innovations. The results also show that knowledge codification speeds up the development of incremental innovations. The relation between incremental innovations and the sources of knowledge is not so clear, although the results suggest the possible existence of a nonlinear relation between the two variables. 相似文献
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8.
受到资源限制的新创企业进行突破性创新往往面临着诸多困难,创业拼凑理论为其指明新的道路。基于213份有效调查问卷,从知识观视角研究创业拼凑对新创企业突破性创新的影响,并探讨创业学习在其中所发挥的中介作用。研究结果表明:创业拼凑对突破性创新有正向影响;创业学习在创业拼凑对突破性创新的影响中发挥完全中介的作用。 相似文献
9.
Electricity supply is a large technical system, which exhibits strong path dependencies and high barriers for radical innovations. Recent market liberalization, however, has initiated a fundamental restructuring. The paper analyzes how liberalization has altered innovation processes in the field of electricity supply. We examine three radical innovations under monopoly conditions and contrast the findings with the results from a survey on the innovation behavior of electric utilities in liberalized markets. We argue that the selection environment for innovations has changed in various respects. In our sample, new options open to innovation activities have emerged at the level of the firm and utility strategies turn out to be more heterogeneous. This may be interpreted as an increase in the variety of search processes, which may lead to a mid-term decrease of path-dependencies. 相似文献
10.
一个长期困扰汽车零部件制造商的问题是,著名车企（汽车装配制造商）是否可以作为重要的技术知识来源。对于这个问题,以往的实证工作从宏观的视角给出了总体上的观察结果,尚缺乏微观视角的分析和验证。本文旨在厘清汽车装配制造商的技术知识运用于零部件制造商创新中的真实作用,即探讨在不同的创新情境中的不同作用。我们提出两个维度作为区分不同情境的基础：零件商创造能力和创新的激进程度。交叉这两个维度得到四种创新情境,我们分别讨论零部件制造商在各种情境中运用著名车企知识的作用。以美国汽车行业中的零部件制造商作为研究对象,以他们发布的专利作为样本,以专利数据构建变量,开展了实证研究。结果显示,只有在“能力较弱的零部件制造商在开展激进程度较低的创新”情境中,运用装配制造商的技术知识会对创新质量产生显著的促进作用。另外一个重要的结果是,在“能力较强的零部件制造商在开展激进程度较高的创新”情境中,运用越多装配制造商知识,创新质量越差;进一步的探索发现,在这种情境中零部件制造商应当从更为广泛的外部来源中获取知识,并加以运用。 相似文献
11.
基于科学的创新：对青霉素和晶体管的案例的重新分析 《科学学研究》2013,(10):1459-1464
科学不只是以求知为目的,并且实际上能够产生新技术。这种基于科学的创新往往发生在科学的前沿,并且与新行业的形成有关。但对这种创新的模式,理论上尚未深入研究。本文通过对两个著名的案例（青霉素和晶体管的发明）的重新分析,对这一类创新的模式、互动与动态进行了研究。基于科学的创新显示出由科学发现驱动的线性模式,依赖科学与技术的互动。这两个案例还显示：在某些行业,创新一直保持着与科学的联系,而在另一些行业,创新则由基于科学的模式转向基于技术的模式。这些发现对于政策和理论的含义也在文中进行了讨论。 相似文献
12.
This paper examines interdependencies between firms’ activities in the realms of open science and commercial product development. We present a theoretical framework that outlines when a firm’s involvement in academic communities enhances its innovative performance in terms of new products in development. We argue that the disclosure of more, valuable R&D work in quality scholarly publications and collaborations with academic partners positively affect firm innovation. We further hypothesize a differential effect of adopting open science strategies on the innovation type, being more pronounced for radical innovations than for incremental innovations. We empirically analyze a unique panel dataset containing information on the product innovation performance and R&D activities of 160 UK therapeutic biotechnology firms over the period 1998- 2009. Our results from count data models on the number of new products in development provide empirical support for our hypotheses. 相似文献
13.
Techno therapy or nurtured niches? Technology studies and the evaluation of radical innovations 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This article contributes to recent discussions in technology studies about applying insights from technology studies to policy decisions about the development and management of technological innovations. It does so by examining two approaches that can be used by policy makers to manage radical technological innovations in mobility and transportation: strategic niche management (SNM) and the PROTEE approach. The SNM approach uses protective ‘niches’ to develop radical innovations, whereas the PROTEE method is grounded in the assumption that technological innovations have a better chance of success if made “vulnerable” by subjecting them to risks and oppositions from the outset. Both SNM and PROTEE have, so far, been applied to retrospective case studies. This paper examines their potential effectiveness in the monitoring of real time innovation projects by comparing their conceptualizations of ‘learning’ and ‘experimenting’. It argues that the two approaches can draw upon each other to achieve a more refined conceptualization of learning and experimenting and in dealing with the problem of change and obduracy in the development of innovation projects. 相似文献
14.
《国际创新研究学报(英文)》2021,5(3):127-144
The challenges of disruptive innovations have gained significant attention from both academics and practitioners, commercialization being one of the most critical phases. At the same time, however, it is the less studied area of disruptive innovation. Therefore, this article examined scholarly papers on the commercialization of disruptive innovations through a multidisciplinary systematic literature review. It resulted in the analysis of 64 high-quality peer-reviewed academic articles. The analysis highlighted the commercialization models and main constructs that are affecting the commercialization process: market orientation, market learning, user's involvement, market configuration, adoption networks and stakeholders, and innovation transference. The study evidences how commercialization has evolved from a later stage in innovation to influence even the early phases of innovation, characterized in turn by exploration, learning and ecosystem creation activities. Additionally, the analysis led to a proposition that established an integrated commercialization model for high uncertainty innovations. The model has three phases: 1) Concept/value proposition validation, 2) Business model validation & Market creation, and 3) Creating sales in the majority market. Lastly, the article contributes to a better understanding of commercialization processes in high uncertainty innovations, bridging also the academic-practitioner divide. 相似文献
15.
尽管客户对产品创新的作用已被广泛研究,但是从客户组合层面上来探讨其与创新的关系的研究还较少,以社会网络理论和知识基础观为理论基础,探讨了客户组合的异质性与关系嵌入水平对产品的突破性创新和渐进性创新的影响机制及结果。研究结果表明:客户组合的异质性通过促进客户知识的多样性从而对产品的突破性创新产生积极影响;客户组合的关系嵌入水平通过促进客户知识的深度和专用性从而对产品的渐进性创新产生积极影响。为企业有目的地进行客户组合管理并以此为源动力积极推进产品创新提供了理论依据。 相似文献
16.
Thorsten Büschgens Andreas Bausch David B. Balkin 《The Journal of High Technology Management Research》2013,24(2):138-152
Based on Self-Determination-Theory, Group-Effectiveness-Theory, and Cognitive-Network Theory a multi-level model is developed that explains two research questions. First, how can management motivate individuals to generate novel ideas? Second, how should management organize groups in order to facilitate creativity and implement radical innovations? From Self-Determination-Theory, propositions for the design of a reward system are derived. Arguments from Group-Effectiveness-Theory lead to the conclusion that permanent work groups with low social cohesion should emphasize idea generation, while cross-functional project teams with high social cohesion are best suited for radical innovation implementation. Effective group behavior modes for each kind of group and management practices for producing these modes are described based on Cognitive-Network-Theory. Implications of the model with regard to innovation management in different cultural settings and to group composition are discussed. 相似文献
17.
Profiting from voluntary information spillovers: how users benefit by freely revealing their innovations 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Empirical studies of innovation have found that end users frequently develop important product and process innovations. Defying conventional wisdom on the negative effects of uncompensated spillovers, innovative users also often openly reveal their innovations to competing users and to manufacturers. Rival users are thus in a position to reproduce the innovation in-house and benefit from using it, and manufacturers are in a position to refine the innovation and sell it to all users, including competitors of the user revealing its innovation. In this paper, we explore the incentives that users might have to freely reveal their proprietary innovations. We then develop a game-theoretic model to explore the effect of these incentives on users’ decisions to reveal or hide their proprietary information. We find that, under realistic parameter constellations, free revealing pays. We conclude by discussing some implications of our findings. 相似文献
18.
运用Cite Space软件绘制2006年以来国内关于开放式创新文献的科学知识图谱,选取创新绩效、创新模式、创新能力、知识管理、自主创新五方面视角,综述与分析国内开放式创新的研究进展。国内开放式创新的研究视角集中于实证层面,以企业为研究对象,运用问卷调查、样本数据及结构方程建模等研究方法探讨开放式创新绩效的影响因素、创新模式的优劣以及创新能力培养等问题。知识图谱显示,商业模式、创新网络、创新风险等将是开放式创新研究的重点领域。 相似文献
19.
We investigate the determinants of innovation activity making a distinction between product and process innovations. We analyse a pseudo production function of innovations where among the explanatory variables, special attention is paid to firm and market characteristics. The study is applied to a large sample of Spanish manufacturing firms during the period 1990–1993. There are important implications arising from the empirical results: 1) Product and process innovations are intimately related independently of the model used in the estimation. 2) The control by unobserved firm effects as the ability and experience of manager is so important as to affect the conclusions on the managerial decisions about which type of innovation develop. 3) Given the feedback effects amongst innovation decisions and other factors determining them, it is also very important to consider a version of the model that allows correlation among those unobserved effects and explanatory variables. 4) The probability to innovate is higher in capital intensive firms and in firms with export activities. 5) Market competition encourages the decision to innovate up to a threshold. vi) The past firm experience and the managerial quality play a significant role in the probability to innovate. vii) Product and process innovation decisions are complementary. 相似文献
20.
战略网络结构对企业技术创新的影响研究 总被引：24，自引：4，他引：24
有关技术创新方面的研究很少关注战略网络对企业技术创新的影响,这种忽视产生了企业技术创新研究的“原子化”问题,即忽略战略网络结构特征对不同强度技术创新方式影响的分析。本文以网络结构嵌入理论文基础,发展了一个多层次动态概念模型以研究企业所嵌入的战略网络不同层次结构特征对企业渐进创新与突变创新的影响。本文还进一步指出了不同的技术创新方式对战略网络特征的递归影响。 相似文献