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The concept of persistence is generally used to define the positive relationship between past and present innovations, which is explained by feedback and accumulation processes triggered by the firm's past results. This paper states that changes in the economic or institutional conditions of the environment impact on the type of profitable innovations, and past innovations might not be suitable for the new environment. As a result, firm's innovative behavior might change, which means that the firm's set of decisions about engaging in the seek for innovations or not and, if so, the set of investments and capabilities it allocates to innovate could be modified. Empirical evidence is provided to reject the persistence hypothesis and to show that past innovations do not necessarily impact present ones. This paper examines the relationship between past and present innovations for a group of Argentinean firms during 1998–2006, which coincides with a period of macroeconomic instability. Results suggest that persistence has to be analyzed in terms of a dynamic firm's innovative behavior—regardless of its results—and how it allows the firm to accumulate competences and resources, which increases the odds of successfully responding to changes in the environment and continuing to innovate. 相似文献
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This paper analyses whether complementarity and substitutability of knowledge elements are key determinants of the firm's inventive performance, in addition to the more conventional measures of knowledge stock and diversity. Using patent data from 1968 to 2002 in the semiconductor industry, we find that the overall level of complementarity between knowledge components positively contributes to firms’ inventive capability, whereas the overall level of substitutability between knowledge components generally has the opposite effect. Yet a relatively high level of substitutability is found to be beneficial for explorative inventions. These results suggest that a firm's inventive capacity significantly depends on its ability to align its inventive strategies and knowledge base structure. 相似文献
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《The Journal of High Technology Management Research》2014,25(2):97-107
Research has shown that government policies and regulations can promote or hinder innovation. Policies and regulations that are stringent and focused can potentially stimulate significant and fundamental changes in product and process technology. However, policies and regulations can create obstacles and restrictions that sometimes pose a hindrance to innovation. Thus, while a number of innovation diffusion policies have been practiced in an incremental and ad hoc manner in many developed and developing countries, absent a set of research propositions, little empirical work has been well-positioned to investigate the effectiveness of these policies. In reviewing the existing literature on policy and innovation, it is possible to propose several research propositions regarding the role of government policy in promoting and sustaining innovation through the mediating factors, namely, the firm's willingness, capacity, and opportunity to change. In addition, the current state of the field on the theory and practice of innovation offers the opportunity to suggest propositions for investigating how government policies impact two different types of innovation, namely incremental and radical innovations. These research propositions offer implications for the policy makers and managers in general. 相似文献
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Christian Sternitzke 《Research Policy》2010,39(6):810-821
This paper investigates different types of innovations (from radical to incremental) in the pharmaceutical industry by studying bibliometric data of drugs approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), looking at time-to-market aspects, knowledge sources of these innovations, and protection strategies. Scientific knowledge stemming from the public sector is found to be important for all innovations. Nevertheless, radical innovations build on a higher degree on basic research, and they build on a significantly higher share of own prior scientific research than do incremental innovations. Furthermore, each drug is shown to be accompanied by, on average, about 19 journal publications and 23 additional patents. Additional patent filings peak when the commercialization of the drug is in reach. Firms do not differ among the various types of innovations regarding the amount of additional patent filings, but rather with the speed of filing these patents. Finally, this work contributes to the improvement of future econometric analyses that aim to link bibliometric indicators such as patent or publication counts to firm success. 相似文献
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The paper presents and empirically applies a neo-Schumpeterian model of innovation capable of studying interactions between service providers, patients and policy makers, and how these complex interactions determine the timing, direction, and success of innovations in the public sector. The model is tested using a case study that traces the introduction and development of ambulatory surgery in a Spanish hospital. The multi-agent model applies the ideas of Schumpeter to services, encompassing Schumpeter's five types of innovation, and re-introducing the policy-maker as a key agent in the innovation process. The model has a number of advantages over previous, reduced form models. First, it can analyse the interactions between the economic, social and political spheres that make up the complex selection environment of innovations. Second, it captures the recursive impact of radical innovations on agents’ competences and preferences, and their relative power. This brings politics, power, and rhetorical persuasion to the fore. Third, it provides an improved set of definitions for radical and incremental innovation. These are not only important for understanding the sources and drivers of innovation, but also for the accurate measurement of innovation. 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2022,51(6):104530
As the environmental agenda gains momentum all over the world, enterprises face the challenge of combining economic and environmental goals. An obvious, recurrent, and yet not fully answered question is whether, and under which circumstances, an improvement in a firm's environmental performance leads to higher profits. Looking at innovation data, the present study, addresses the question whether Environmental Innovation (EI) is synergic with other types of innovation. To this aim, we separately consider the competitive gains from efficiency increases and cost savings due to different types of environmental innovations (EI) affecting the supply and the demand sides of a firm's activity. Using the Italian CIS dataset (2006–2008), we identify synergic interactions between EI and some but not all other types of innovation. 相似文献
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战略网络结构对企业技术创新的影响研究 总被引：24，自引：4，他引：24
有关技术创新方面的研究很少关注战略网络对企业技术创新的影响,这种忽视产生了企业技术创新研究的“原子化”问题,即忽略战略网络结构特征对不同强度技术创新方式影响的分析。本文以网络结构嵌入理论文基础,发展了一个多层次动态概念模型以研究企业所嵌入的战略网络不同层次结构特征对企业渐进创新与突变创新的影响。本文还进一步指出了不同的技术创新方式对战略网络特征的递归影响。 相似文献
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How much do specialists have to learn from each other when they jointly develop radical product innovations? 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Christina Schmickl 《Research Policy》2008,37(3):473-491
Specialists of different domains have to collaborate whenever technically demanding product innovations are developed. Their respective knowledge contributions need to be integrated into a functioning whole. Two approaches provide insight into how this is achieved: the dominating cross-learning approach assumes that the specialists of different knowledge domains have to intensively learn from each other in order to be able to jointly develop the new product. This cross-learning implies that groups of specialists transfer their specific knowledge, which encompasses different concepts (theories), methods and world views, among each other. However, some researchers argue that intensive cross-learning between specialists is a considerable expense in time and effort and, therefore, inefficient. They insist that integration of specialists’ knowledge is achieved through structural mechanisms that significantly reduce the need for cross-learning. This article is based on one of the latter approaches. We argue that the mechanisms of transactive memory, modularization and prototyping in combination can considerably reduce knowledge transfers. This assumption has found empirical support for incremental innovations. On the basis of a comparison between incremental and radical innovation projects in an electrotechnical company, we analyze whether the assumption that, on the basis of structural mechanisms, specialists can integrate their knowledge without having to intensively learn from each other, also holds for radical innovations. 相似文献
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尽管客户对产品创新的作用已被广泛研究,但是从客户组合层面上来探讨其与创新的关系的研究还较少,以社会网络理论和知识基础观为理论基础,探讨了客户组合的异质性与关系嵌入水平对产品的突破性创新和渐进性创新的影响机制及结果。研究结果表明:客户组合的异质性通过促进客户知识的多样性从而对产品的突破性创新产生积极影响;客户组合的关系嵌入水平通过促进客户知识的深度和专用性从而对产品的渐进性创新产生积极影响。为企业有目的地进行客户组合管理并以此为源动力积极推进产品创新提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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《The Journal of High Technology Management Research》2001,12(2):205-226
In many high technology industries, strategic alliances have become important for improving a firm's financial performance by providing knowledge that can be used to develop the capabilities needed to introduce new products. Therefore, researchers have examined those characteristics of alliances that can contribute to the performance of high technology companies. There is agreement that the structure and knowledge flows within alliances can affect a firm's innovativeness. However, to date, researchers have studied alliances as individual events or transactions, failing to recognize their synergistic effects as a coherent portfolio. Viewing alliances as a portfolio of strategic agreements, we suggest that portfolio characteristics will be associated with a high technology firm's innovative and financial performance. Also, we suggest that portfolio characteristics will influence absorptive capacity. We test these propositions using a sample of 2456 alliances formed by 143 biopharmaceutical firms. The results indicate that alliance portfolio characteristics and absorptive capacity jointly influence performance. The implications of these findings for high technology firms are discussed. 相似文献
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The ability to internationalize has become a competitive necessity for many SMEs, enabling their survival and access to larger markets. From an IS research perspective, one important issue is the strategic role played by the firm's IT capabilities in responding to greater environmental uncertainty and correspondingly greater information requirements, and in enabling the firm's internationalization performance. Given that such a major aspect of the influence of IT on the performance of SMEs has so far been ignored, the following research question is posed: to what extent does the match between the IT capabilities and information requirements of SMEs contribute to their internationalization performance? Our research model and hypotheses are based on Tushman and Nadler's information processing model. In revisiting this model, the aim was to show its continued relevancy and extend its domain of applicability. In order to answer the research question, we conduct a survey-based empirical study of 174 Canadian SMEs that have internationalized their activities. Our results show that a better match between IT capabilities and information requirements does indeed exert a positive influence on internationalization performance. We also find that the SMEs’ IT capabilities are influenced externally by the environmental uncertainty and internally by their internationalization mode. 相似文献
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通过整合技术管理、市场营销和组织理论相关研究,建立了企业技术和营销能力影响突破式和渐进式产品创新战略的理论模型,探究了其中异质性和非线性的作用机制,以及竞争强度的调节影响。使用303套我国双份调研问卷的实证分析表明：技术能力能够促进突破式和渐进式产品创新战略,但对前者的影响更大;营销能力有利于渐进式产品创新;营销能力通过倒U型关系影响突破式产品创新,且该非线性关系的拐点和陡峭性被竞争强度所调节。 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2022,51(10):104601
We study differences in the returns to R&D investment between German manufacturing firms that sell in international markets and firms that only sell in the domestic market. Using firm-level data for five high-tech manufacturing sectors, we estimate a dynamic structural model of a firm's discrete decision to invest in R&D and use it to measure the difference in expected long-run benefit from R&D investment for exporting and domestic firms. The results show that R&D investment leads to higher rates of product and process innovation among exporting firms and these innovations have a larger economic return in export market sales than domestic market sales. As a result of this higher payoff to R&D investment, exporting firms invest in R&D more frequently than domestic firms, and this endogenously generates higher rates of productivity growth. We use the model to simulate the introduction of export and import tariffs on German exporters, and find that a 20 % export tariff reduces the long-run payoff to R&D by 24.2 to 46.9 % for the median firm across the five industries. Overall, export market sales contribute significantly to the firm's return on R&D investment which, in turn, raises future firm value, providing a source of dynamic gains from trade. 相似文献
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本文基于整体网络密度模型和层级回归分析相结合的方法对集团内部知识网络密度、地理分散性和产品创新能力的关系进行了实证研究。结果表明：（1）商业集团内部技术知识网络密度和市场知识网络密度均与集团渐进性产品创新能力呈正向关系,地理分散性对两者与渐进性产品创新能力的关系均具有正向调节作用。意味着技术知识网络密度和市场知识网络密度较高的商业集团会具有相对更高的渐进性产品创新能力。特别是当集团成员企业地理分散性较大时,两者对集团渐进性产品创新能力的促进作用会更明显。（2）商业集团内部技术知识网络密度和市场知识网络密度均与集团突破性产品创新能力呈倒U型关系,但地理分散性只对后者与突破性产品创新能力的倒U型关系具有正向调节作用,而对前者与突破性产品创新能力的调节作用不显著。意味着技术知识网络密度和市场知识网络密度过高的商业集团反而会导致其突破性产品创新能力出现下降。特别是当集团成员企业地理分散性较大时,集团内部市场知识网络密度与突破性产品创新能力的倒U型关系会更加明显。 相似文献
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一个长期困扰汽车零部件制造商的问题是,著名车企（汽车装配制造商）是否可以作为重要的技术知识来源。对于这个问题,以往的实证工作从宏观的视角给出了总体上的观察结果,尚缺乏微观视角的分析和验证。本文旨在厘清汽车装配制造商的技术知识运用于零部件制造商创新中的真实作用,即探讨在不同的创新情境中的不同作用。我们提出两个维度作为区分不同情境的基础：零件商创造能力和创新的激进程度。交叉这两个维度得到四种创新情境,我们分别讨论零部件制造商在各种情境中运用著名车企知识的作用。以美国汽车行业中的零部件制造商作为研究对象,以他们发布的专利作为样本,以专利数据构建变量,开展了实证研究。结果显示,只有在“能力较弱的零部件制造商在开展激进程度较低的创新”情境中,运用装配制造商的技术知识会对创新质量产生显著的促进作用。另外一个重要的结果是,在“能力较强的零部件制造商在开展激进程度较高的创新”情境中,运用越多装配制造商知识,创新质量越差;进一步的探索发现,在这种情境中零部件制造商应当从更为广泛的外部来源中获取知识,并加以运用。 相似文献
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We analyse the impact of R&D cooperation on firm performance differentiating between four types of R&D partners (competitors, suppliers, customers, and universities and research institutes), and considering two performance measures: labour productivity and productivity in innovative (new to the market) sales. Using data on a large sample of Dutch innovating firms in two waves of the Community Innovation Survey (1996, 1998), we examine the impact of R&D cooperation in 1996 on subsequent productivity growth in 1996–1998. The results confirm a major heterogeneity in the rationales and goals of R&D cooperation. Competitor and supplier cooperation focus on incremental innovations, improving the productivity performance of firms. University cooperation and again competitor cooperation are instrumental in creating innovations generating sales of products that are novel to the market, improving the growth performance of firms. Furthermore, customers and universities are important sources of knowledge for firms pursuing radical innovations, which facilitate growth in innovative sales in the absence of formal R&D cooperation. 相似文献
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Even though knowledge assets have been widely recognized as the principal drivers of firm's competitive advantage, few are the frameworks that have explained how these strategic assets are transformed into value and how the value creation process occurs. Also there is a confusing terminology in the literature surrounding many concepts explaining the dynamics of value creation. By conducting a Systematic Review – an evidence-based methodology for theory building – this paper seeks to define a ‘common language’ of the concepts used to explain this phenomenon, and build the assumptions of a theoretical model that explains how knowledge assets, through learning mechanisms, are linked, renewed, and leveraged into socio-technical processes or organizational routines, that in turn form the basis of organizational capabilities. As they are socially constructed, these organizational capabilities, when leveraged into products and services, generate value and provide firms with a sustainable competitive advantage and long-term superior performance. The model should therefore serve as a theoretical contribution to the literature and it has a further potential benefit to begin an inquiry, for both theory building and management, about the nature of firm's knowledge assets and organizational capabilities, and the sources of sustainable competitive advantage. Some of these avenues are outlined in this paper. 相似文献