共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 234 毫秒
1.
中国制造业转型升级政策的纵向协同性分析 《科学学研究》2022,40(2):237-246
转型升级是当前制造业面临的核心议题,各级政府均将产业政策作为推动制造业高质量发展的重要选择。文章基于“政策目标-政策工具”分析框架对中央-河南-许昌三级政府的政策文本进行细粒度量化分析,解析中国制造业转型升级政策的纵向协同性问题。研究发现,制造业转型升级政策体系在纵向层级方面趋于耦合,其核心政策目标聚焦于信息化改造、创新能力提升,核心政策工具围绕着人才、资金、知识产权等领域;中央政府与地方政府在政策设计上存在一定差异,主要体现在政策目标的精细化以及政策工具的创新性方面;各级政府在政策工具选择上,已经形成相对一致的行为模式,即环境型政策工具、供给型政策工具、需求型政策工具的数量呈现阶梯式下降的差序格局。本文构建的研究方法为分析政策纵向协同性提供了参考,相关的对策建议对于政府部门优化政策设计具有一定启示意义。 相似文献
2.
Innovation activities, use of appropriation instruments and absorptive capacity: Evidence from Spanish firms 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
This article empirically investigates the relationship between innovation activities of firms, their use of appropriation instruments and their absorptive capacity. We study a wide range of manufacturing and service industries, not just high-tech, and a wide range of innovation activities, not just R&D. We use multilevel logit models for complex samples to disentangle industry from firm-specific effects. We find that within an industry, firms that invest in appropriation instruments to reduce outgoing spillovers tend to conduct more R&D and downstream activities than firms that do not. Acquisition of technology is not related to the use of appropriation instruments. The effects of incoming spillovers (measured through absorptive capacity) on innovation activities of firms are industry specific and stronger for firms that invest in appropriation instruments. For this type of firm, both the capability to scan the external environment for technology and the capability to integrate new technology are related to the innovation activities. For firms that do not invest in appropriation instruments, only scanning capabilities are related. 相似文献
3.
高校大型贵重实验仪器使用与维修过程中存在几种常见问题:使用者缺乏责任意识、仪器维修成本投入少、使用人员技术不过关、维护技术落后、日常维护理念缺失等,这些问题的存在严重缩短大型贵重实验仪器使用寿命。因此,需从建立健全大型贵重实验仪器管理制度,提升使用人员技术水平,解决重采购、轻管理问题等角度加强大型贵重实验仪器精细化管理,有效延长大型贵重实验仪器使用寿命。 相似文献
4.
高校仪器设备维修管理工作一方面影响着高校教学质量及科研成果,另一方面影响高校仪器设备的使用率及相关的维修成本。提高高校仪器设备的完好率和使用率,最大限度地发挥仪器设备的利用率,降低仪器设备的维修成本,做好高校仪器设备的维修工作是高校需要解决的一个重要问题。现就高校仪器设备维修管理的问题提出对策。 相似文献
5.
Arnold K Söderqvist T 《Isis; an international review devoted to the history of science and its cultural influences》2011,102(4):718-729
This essay proposes that our understanding of medical instruments might benefit from adding a more forthright concern with their immediate presence to the current historical focus on simply decoding their meanings and context. This approach is applied to the intriguingly tricky question of what actually is meant by a "medical instrument." It is suggested that a pragmatic part of the answer might lie simply in reconsidering the holdings of medical museums, where the significance of the physical actuality of instruments comes readily to hand. 相似文献
6.
环保产业是连接环境与经济的桥梁,是“十三五”时期国家的重点建设内容,为更有效地促进环保产业发展,有必要对众多环保产业政策工具进行比较。本文基于国外经验及中国实际构建了中国环保产业政策工具分类的概念模型,并在此基础上应用中国环保产业营业收入和三类六项政策工具的1995-2014年数据构建GRA-VAR模型,通过测度政策工具对环保产业的重要程度及影响比较环保产业多项政策工具。研究得出：在促进环保产业发展三类政策中,科技政策工具最优、经济政策工具次之、法制政策工具最弱。其中,科技政策工具中代表成果的细分工具在六项细分工具中排名第五;经济政策工具作为经济手段,其与环保产业的关联程度高于另两类行政手段与环保产业的平均关联程度。 相似文献
7.
旨在从多层次视角下对创新气氛进行研究.对三种创新气氛的概念,测量工具以及研究现状进行深入探讨.并对不同层次的创新气氛及其测量工具进行比较研究,认为不同层次下的创新气氛及其测量工具既有联系又有区别.最后展望未来的若干研究方向. 相似文献
8.
为研究创新型城市建设中的府际关系,探索政府部门使用各类政策工具及其组合的方式,选取2018年获批的创新型城市的典型跟进政策文本,使用内容分析法与社会网络分析法,对创新型城市建设中府际关系与政策工具的交互社会网络结构展开研究。研究发现：科技局、发改委、工信局、财政局、市监局和农业农村局是创新型城市建设中府际关系与政策工具交互社会网络的核心政府部门;供给侧政策工具是创新型城市建设中最惯用的一类政策工具;府际关系与政策工具的交互社会网络呈现明显的核心——边缘结构,存在一个由24个政府部门和绝大部分政策工具组成的社会圈,同时在这个社会圈之外也存在一些独立派系。研究结果能够对完善创新型城市建设的政策体系提供有益启示,也可作为创新型城市建设活动开展的决策参考。 相似文献
9.
10.
11.
Keene M 《Isis; an international review devoted to the history of science and its cultural influences》2007,98(2):266-289
Historians of science have identified toys as part of their subject's material culture, but there has been little exploration of the production and use of educational or playful objects. Moreover, academic writing on science for children has focused on the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. This essay argues that our understanding of historical science education can be enhanced by exploring twentieth-century instruments. It uses the example of Construments sets, with which children could build a wide variety of optical instruments from a series of standardized parts. Invented by C. W. Hansel, a school science master, Construments were founded in and responded to contemporary educational practices and debates over "general science," as well as addressing characteristic interwar concerns about adaptability and economy and older ideals of rational entertainment. By exploring the company's instruments, promotional literature, and magazine, and by drawing on the memories of contemporary users, I reconstruct the contexts in which Construments were used, emphasizing the creation of heterogeneous communities vital for the transmission of skills and knowledge. 相似文献
12.
13.
基于企业技术创新激励的环境工具的最优选择——利用排序多元Logit模型及离散计数数据模型的实证分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以往关于环境政策工具对企业技术创新激励效应的研究都是基于简单的线性回归分析,不能对环境政策工具的企业技术创新激励效应进行明确的比较与排序。有鉴于此,本文首先采用排序多元Logit模型,基于上海市相关数据,对排放标准、排污费、补贴及排污许可证,四种环境政策工具进行比较与排序。研究发现,工业废水排放量、废气排放量与政府对该产业施行的环境政策工具从补贴、排放许可证、排污费到排放标准的选择概率成反比;产业集中度、技术创新与政府对该产业施行的环境政策工具从补贴、排放许可证、排污费到排放标准的选择概率成正比。其次,本文通过模型预测发现,上海市各产业目前实际实施的环境政策工具与预测环境政策工具之间存在差异,并得出各产业的最优环境政策工具的选择。最后,通过离散计数数据模型得出,四种环境政策工具对企业技术创新都有正的激励效应,其排序为：补贴、排污费、排污许可证、排放标准。研究成果可以为政府选择最优环境政策工具提供决策依据。 相似文献
14.
Josie Coburn Frederique Bone Michael M. Hopkins Andy Stirling Jorge Mestre-Ferrandiz Stathis Arapostathis Martin J. Llewelyn 《Research Policy》2021,50(4):104140
This article provides prospective appraisal of key policy instruments intended to stimulate innovation to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR). AMR refers to the ability of microbes to evolve resistance to those treatments designed to kill them, and is associated with the overuse or misuse of medicines such as antibiotics. AMR is an emerging global challenge with major implications for healthcare and society as a whole. Diagnostic tests for infectious diseases can guide decision making when prescribing medicines, so reducing inappropriate drug use. In the context of growing international interest in policies to stimulate innovation in AMR diagnostics, this study uses multicriteria mapping (MCM) to appraise a range of policy instruments in order to understand their potential performance while also highlighting the uncertainties that stakeholders hold about such interventions in complex contexts. A contribution of the article is the demonstration of a novel method to analyse and visualise MCM data in order to reveal stakeholder inclinations towards particular options while exploring interviewees’ uncertainties about the effectiveness of each instrument's design or implementation. The article reports results from six European countries (Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and the UK). The findings reveal which policy instruments are deemed most likely to perform well, and why, across stakeholder groups and national settings, with areas of common ground and difference being identified. Importantly, the conclusions presented here differ from prominent policy discourse, with international implications for the design of mixes of policy instruments to combat AMR. Strategic and practical methodological implications also emerge for general appraisal of innovation policy instrument mixes. 相似文献
15.
上海作为中国生活垃圾分类的先行城市,在生活垃圾分类政策的实践中具有代表性和典型性。本文基于政策工具理论,采用内容分析法,以31份上海生活垃圾分类政策文本为样本进行定量研究,从政策工具和生活垃圾分类活动两个维度构建了分析框架,按照定义分析单元、政策工具编码、频数统计分析等步骤,对政策文本进行计量和分析。结果发现：①上海生活垃圾分类政策具有政府重视程度高、多部门合作、注重政府引导等特点,有助于上海在垃圾分类的政策执行中缓解政策执行惰性、减轻部门壁垒、推动社会主体积极参与。②现阶段政策工具的设计与运用还存在不足,一方面,政策工具的结构不均衡,环境型政策工具过溢、供给型政策工具不足、需求型政策工具短缺,不利于垃圾分类政策的可持续执行,同时其下各类子工具的不合理使用导致政策资源浪费;另一方面,垃圾分类活动中政策工具的运用缺少侧重,难以与当下的垃圾分类现实相配套。并据此提出了加大需求型政策工具的运用、注重政策工具在各个阶段合理使用等政策建议。 相似文献
16.
It is a commonly held view that differences in national histories, cultures, political contexts, and the timing of a country’s entry into the industrialization process are reflected as diversity among countries in their goals, priorities, boundaries, directions, ranges, instruments and also in the performance of science and technology policy. This article, which examines development processes of Finnish science and technology policy, concludes that instead of divergence there is such startling convergence of organizational forms and practices. Finland has largely adopted its policy doctrines and instruments from the countries, which from the Finnish perspective, have been considered legitimate and successful. 相似文献
17.
18.
大科学时代科研仪器与高端科研成果产出存在紧密的联系,科研仪器作为探索自然规律的重要工具,在科研领域的作用不容忽视。本研究从文献计量视角对我国科研仪器研究文献展开分析,通过可视化工具及LDA模型进行文本挖掘揭示科研仪器研究的知识结构。分析发现以科研仪器为主题的文献数量增长迅速,作者合作密度较低,科研仪器研究主题覆盖范围在逐渐扩大,结合人工编码及LDA文本挖掘确定科研工作、科研基础、科研设备以及科研人员4个主题,其中科研工作与科研基础主题在我国科研仪器研究知识结构中占比较多,科研设备与科研人员主题的研究力量薄弱。 相似文献
19.
20.
《Research Policy》2022,51(6):104535
While innovation policy mixes combining several policy instruments have been advocated as a response to complex problems, there is very little evidence of their effectiveness compared to that of individual instruments. By considering a set of Italian regional policy programmes implemented in 2011–2014, we analysed a policy mix composed of: (i) technology and innovation advisory services, the aim of which is to help small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to gain a better awareness of their innovation needs and of how to address them; and (ii) innovation vouchers, which are used to subsidise SME purchases of knowledge-intensive services. To draw causal inferences on their differential effectiveness, we adopted a propensity-score-matching approach extended to multiple treatment levels.We found that advisory services are more effective than innovation vouchers and as effective as policy mixes in increasing SME propensity to innovate and engage in R&D collaborations. Conversely, policy mixes are more effective than each individual instrument in increasing productivity. Hence, merely providing SMEs with technology and innovation advice is not sufficient to elicit productivity improvements; SMEs also need to act on such advice by working with external providers of knowledge-intensive services in order to implement efficiency-producing changes. 相似文献