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Abstract Rats (N=180) were used as subjects in this investigation of the effects of prepubertal physical training on tibial growth, organ and body weights, serum cholesterol levels, basal metabolism, and voluntary exercise habits at puberty and 160 days postpuberty. The animals were assigned to one of three initial treatment groups: sedentary, voluntary exercise, or voluntary plus forced exercise. The sedentary animals were allowed no exercise, the voluntary-plus forced rats were allowed to run at will but also were forced to swim with weights on their tails for 30 minutes daily for 35 days just prior to puberty. At puberty 20 animals from each group were sacrificed. The remaining rats were allowed to exercise voluntarily for the next 160 days. After 160 days a second sacrifice of 10 animals from each group occurred. The trained rats at puberty had lower body weights, greater relative adrenal and testis weights, lower kidney weights, shorter tibias, lower serum cholesterol values, and lower levels of voluntary exercise than the control animals. At 160 days postpuberty the trained rats had lower body weights and lower basal metabolic rates than the control rats. 相似文献
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Henry J. Montoye Jeanne Sherburne Kenneth Ackerman Evelyn M. Jones Dena Cederquist 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):430-438
Abstract This study investigated the effects of exercise on blood cholesterol and correlated those effects with estimates of body fat through experiments with 45 albino weanling rats (15 litter mate trios). The rats were confined to individual cages in a temperature-controlled room and fed a stock diet until they were 11 weeks old. At this time the trios were divided. Group A was continued on a stock diet and exercised for an hour in the morning and an hour in the afternoon by forced swimming. Group B was subjected to the same exercise but a portion of the stock diet was replaced with powdered whole milk, so that 30 percent of the caloric intake was derived from the whole milk supplement. Group C was fed the stock diet but activity was restricted. After 15 weeks blood samples were taken, the animals sacrificed, and the heart and adrenals weighed. The specific gravity of the carcass was also determined. Exercise resulted in a statistically significant decrease in total and free blood serum cholesterol concentration. These animals were also leaner and had larger hearts and adrenal glands. Serum cholesterol was negatively related to carcass specific gravity. The milk supplement had no significant effect on any of these measures. Several possible explanations for the effects of exercise on blood cholesterol are discussed. 相似文献
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Abstract The problem under investigation in this study was to determine if differing programs of prepuberty exercise had any effect upon the emotionality of male albino rats at puberty. The subjects were 48 male albino rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain who were subjected to a 35-day training program under conditions of sedentary existence, voluntary exercise, or forced exercise. At the end of the experimental period the animals were tested in an open field marked into 49 consecutively numbered 7 1/2-in. squares. Emotionality in the open field was determined by two methods: (a) the total number of squares traversed by an animal in 5 min., and (b) the total number of squares traversed by an animal toward the center of the field. The relationship between exploratory behavior and emotionality is considered to be an inverse one, that is, the more exploratory the behavior, the less emotionality the animal exhibits. The results indicated that the animals which had been subjected to the forced exercise regimen traversed significantly more squares under both testing conditions and therefore evidenced more exploratory behavior and therefore less emotionality than the animals in the voluntary exercise and sedentary groups. There were no significant differences on either measure of exploratory behavior between the voluntary exercise and sedentary groups. 相似文献
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运动频率和递增强度运动对大鼠海马神经发生的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
目的:探讨运动频次和隔周递增强度运动对大鼠海马神经发生的影响.方法:将60只雄性5周龄SD大鼠随机分为安静对照(C)组、每天运动(E0)组、隔1日运动(E1)组、隔3日运动(E3)组、隔周运动(E7)组和隔周递增强度运动(E7I)组.运动方式为跑台运动.腹腔注射BrdU于各组大鼠,持续注射6天.采用免疫组织荧光染色技术,检测各组大鼠海马齿状回内新生细胞和新生神经元数量.结果:各组动物海马齿状回内BrdU免疫阳性(Br-dU+)细胞数目为:C组37.62±9.02,E0组46.01±10.82,E1组49. 06±12. 07,E3组41. 20±11. 02,E7组37.23±16. 45,E71组53. 97±10. 67.各组大鼠海马齿状回内BrdU和NeuN免疫双阳性(BrdU++NeuN+)细胞微分别为:C组15.26±4.42;E0组17. 61±3. 86,E1组21. 93±5.60,E3组16. 28±5.37,E7组15. 80±7.50,E7I组24. 9±土5.44.结论:在间隔不同时问的小强度运动中,隔日小强度运动最有利于大鼠海马齿状回神经发生;隔周递增运动强度也有利于大鼠海马齿状回神经发生, 相似文献
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目的:探讨高强度运动训练对Walker 256接种大鼠抗肿瘤的作用。方法:80只大鼠随机分为2组(n=40):运动训练组和非运动训练组。高强度运动训练8周后,运动训练组大鼠又分为两组(n=20):运动对照组和肿瘤种植运动组。非运动训练组大鼠又分为两组(n=20):静坐对照组和肿瘤种植静坐对照组。高强度平台运动训练课程持续10周,5d/W,30min/d,85%VO2max。观测血浆中多种酶、激素和细胞因子水平及淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞和Walk-er 256肿瘤细胞的葡萄糖和谷氨酰胺代谢酶、H2O2生成量、吞噬率和淋巴细胞增殖指数等指标。结果:高强度运动训练能够延长肿瘤接种大鼠的生存时间,降低肿瘤重量,阻止恶病质的发生;高强度运动能够抑制Walker 256肿瘤细胞接种大鼠淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞的葡萄糖和谷氨酰胺代谢酶的活性。结论:高强度运动训练可能是一种有效的潜在的抗肿瘤策略。 相似文献
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目的：探讨运动与CLA对青春期肥胖大鼠内脏脂肪及肝肾功能的影响。方法：高脂饲养大鼠建模7周后,取24只肥胖大鼠随机分成4组,每组6只,分别为对照组、CLA组、运动组、运动＋CLA组。运动方案为跑台坡度0°,速度为21-25 m/min,总运动时间60min/天,5次/周,给药方案为运动后即刻灌喂1.6g/kg剂量的CLA,共持续干预8周。干预结束后麻醉大鼠采集血液及组织,测肝肾功能和内脏脂肪重量。结果：8周干预后,运动组、运动＋CLA组的体重、内脏脂肪重量及体脂率均明显低于对照组、CLA 组（P＜0.01,P＜0.05）,对照组和CLA组无明显差异（P〉0.05）;对照组、运动组、运动＋CLA组谷草转氨酶和谷草丙比数值明显高于CLA组（P＜0.01）,其他组别之间无明显差异（P＞0.05）;运动组、运动＋CLA组血尿素氮和肌酐较对照组、CLA 组有变化,但无明显差异（P＞0.05）。结论：8周运动与 CLA干预可有效降低青春期肥胖大鼠体重、内脏脂肪重量、体脂率,运动结合CLA能显著减少内脏脂肪含量,增加瘦体重,降低体脂率,具有明显的减肥效果。运动和CLA干预有一定的保肝作用,对肾脏功能无明显影响。 相似文献
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目的:采用注射外源性IGF-I和一周跑台运动,观察对大鼠骨骼肌mTOR信号通路的影响,深入探讨IGF-I对运动骨骼肌适应性肥大的机理。方法:8周龄雄性SD大鼠在适应性训练后分为四组:安静组(S)、安静IGF-I组(SI)、运动组(E)、运动+IGF-I组(EI)。运动方式为跑台运动(20m/min,10%,60min/d),每天一次,共7天。外源性IGF-I为小腿后侧肌肉隆起处的皮下注射。用Western Blotting法检测腓肠肌MHC、PI3K、AKt、mTOR、p70S6K蛋白和Akt(Ser473)、mTOR(Ser2448)和p70S6K(Thr389)的磷酸化表达。结果:在一周后,外源性IGF-I显著促进骨骼肌MHC的表达,骨骼肌PI3K、Akt、mTOR蛋白和Akt(Ser473)、mTOR(Ser2448)和p70S6K(Thr389)的磷酸化表达显著增强。运动显著促进mTOR蛋白和Akt(Ser473)、mTOR(Ser2448)和p70S6K(Thr389)磷酸化的表达。对运动的反应,上述信号的磷酸化表达高于蛋白表达。结论:1)一周外源性IGF-I注射明显促进运动骨骼肌mTOR通路的活性;而1周跑台运动与IGF-I具有协同增强效应。2)在运动和注射外源性IGF-I的刺激下,mTOR通路各信号分子的磷酸化表达比蛋白表达更为敏感。建议今后对信号的研究以检测信号分子的磷酸化表达为主。 相似文献
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The physiology of deep-water running 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Deep-water running is performed in the deep end of a swimming pool, normally with the aid of a flotation vest. The method is used for purposes of preventing injury and promoting recovery from strenuous exercise and as a form of supplementary training for cardiovascular fitness. Both stroke volume and cardiac output increase during water immersion: an increase in blood volume largely offsets the cardiac decelerating reflex at rest. At submaximal exercise intensities, blood lactate responses to exercise during deep-water running are elevated in comparison to treadmill running at a given oxygen uptake (VO2). While VO2, minute ventilation and heart rate are decreased under maximal exercise conditions in the water, deep-water running nevertheless can be justified as providing an adequate stimulus for cardiovascular training. Responses to training programmes have confirmed the efficacy of deep-water running, although positive responses are most evident when measured in a water-based test. Aerobic performance is maintained with deep-water running for up to 6 weeks in trained endurance athletes; sedentary individuals benefit more than athletes in improving maximal oxygen uptake. There is some limited evidence of improvement in anaerobic measures and in upper body strength in individuals engaging in deep-water running. A reduction in spinal loading constitutes a role for deep-water running in the prevention of injury, while an alleviation of muscle soreness confirms its value in recovery training. Further research into the applications of deep-water running to exercise therapy and athletes' training is recommended. 相似文献
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Irene Coll-Risco Virginia A. Aparicio Elena Nebot Daniel Camiletti-Moirón Rosario Martínez Garyfallia Kapravelou 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(15):1452-1460
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of interval aerobic training combined with strength exercise in the same training session on body composition, and glycaemic and lipid profile in obese rats. Sixteen lean Zucker rats and sixteen obese Zucker rats were randomly divided into exercise and sedentary subgroups (4 groups, n = 8). Exercise consisted of interval aerobic training combined with strength exercise in the same training session. The animals trained 60 min/day, 5 days/week for 8 weeks. Body composition, lipid and glycaemic profiles and inflammatory markers were assessed.
Results showed that fat mass was reduced in both lean and obese rats following the exercise training (effect size (95% confidence interval (CI)) = 1.8 (0.5–3.0)). Plasma low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol and fasting glucose were lower in the exercise compared to the sedentary groups (d = 2.0 (0.7–3.2) and 1.8 (0.5–3.0), respectively). Plasma insulin was reduced in exercise compared to sedentary groups (d = 2.1 (0.8–3.4)). Some exercise × phenotype interactions showed that the highest decreases in insulin, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance, fasting and postprandial glucose were observed in the obese + exercise group (all, P < 0.01). The findings of this study suggest that interval aerobic training combined with strength exercise would improve body composition, and lipid and glycaemic profiles, especially in obese rats. 相似文献
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Cardiorespiratory and body composition changes were evaluated in 25 sedentary females, aged 18 to 30 years, following 12 weeks of aerobic dance training (3 days a week, 45 min a session). Fifteen subjects, from the same population, comprised a control group: they maintained their normal activity and dietary habits over the course of the study. Analysis of variance of the values for selected cardiorespiratory responses revealed that the aerobic dance programme produced training effects in the experimental group. These training effects were indicated by significant improvements in O2 pulse, VE, heart rate and perceived exertion during submaximal exercise. Significant improvements were also noted in VO2 max, maximal O2 pulse, VE max, maximal heart rate and maximal running time on the treadmill. Additionally, increases in lean body mass and body density, together with decreases in percentage body fat and the sum of four skinfold thicknesses were found to be significant for the experimental group. No significant improvements in any of these variables were found for the control group. It was concluded that this 12-week aerobic dance programme was successful in promoting beneficial changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition. 相似文献
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Cardiorespiratory and body composition changes were evaluated in 25 sedentary females, aged 18 to 30 years, following 12 weeks of aerobic dance training (3 days a week, 45 min a session). Fifteen subjects, from the same population, comprised a control group: they maintained their normal activity and dietary habits over the course of the study. Analysis of variance of the values for selected cardiorespiratory responses revealed that the aerobic dance programme produced training effects in the experimental group. These training effects were indicated by significant improvements in O2 pulse, V E, heart rate and perceived exertion during submaximal exercise. Significant improvements were also noted in VO2 max, maximal O2pulse, V E max, maximal heart rate and maximal running time on the treadmill. Additionally, increases in lean body mass and body density, together with decreases in percentage body fat and the sum of four skinfold thicknesses were found to be significant for the experimental group. No significant improvements in any of these variables were found for the control group. It was concluded that this 12‐week aerobic dance programme was successful in promoting beneficial changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition. 相似文献
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低氧训练过程中大鼠体重及能量代谢的变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的：研究低氧训练过程中大鼠体重、体成分、能量摄入及静息代谢率的变化，初步探讨低氧训练过程中大鼠体重变化与能量代谢变化间关系。方法：经过适应性训练筛选出的50只SD大鼠平均分为5组，保证每组大鼠体重基本一致，随机分为常氧安静组、常氧限食组、常氧训练组、低氧安静组、低氧训练组。训练组大鼠采用水平动物跑台进行耐力训练6周。试验期间每周称量大鼠体重，每3天称量一次大鼠食物摄入量。试验前、试验1周、3周、5周末测定大鼠静息代谢率，试验后处死大鼠并剥离其肾周、腹股沟脂肪及腓肠肌，称量其重量。结果：低氧训练组大鼠体重增幅除在第6周末与常氧训练组无显著性差异外，均显著性低于其他试验组，试验前3周其体重出现负增长。试验后低氧训练组大鼠肾周及腹股沟脂肪总含量显著低于其他试验组，而腓肠肌重量与其他组无显著性差异。低氧训练组大鼠试验期间总食物摄入量较其他各组大鼠低，尤其在前3周。低氧训练组大鼠静息代谢率先上升而后逐渐下降，至试验3周末时仍高于试验前值，试验5周末时降至低于试验前值（差异不显著），而除低氧安静组外的其他组大鼠静息代谢率则持续下降，至试验5周末时均显著性低于试验前水平。结论：从减缓体重增加幅度及对体成分的影响角度看，低氧训练减体重的效果优于限制饮食、耐力训练及低氧暴露。低氧训练过程中食物摄入量减少及静息代谢率增加可能是大鼠体重增长减缓的原因。 相似文献
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目的:观察过度训练对大鼠腹膜巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响及胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)和机械生长因子(MGF)在其中所起的作用.方法:8周龄健康雄性Wistar大鼠16只,随机分为安静对照组(control)和过度训练组(overtraining).过度训练组进行11周递增负荷跑台训练.最后1次训练后36 h,记录体重变化并测定血液中血红蛋白和睾酮含量.断头处死大鼠并分离纯化腹膜巨噬细胞,中性红法测定巨噬细胞吞噬功能,荧光定量PCR技术测定IGF-1和MGF基因表达.离体状态下用不同浓度的IGF-1或MGF与巨噬细胞孵肓2h,观察IGF-1和MGF对巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响.结果:与安静对照组相比,过度训练组大鼠体重、血红蛋白和睾酮含量均显著降低,分别下降了约19.3％(P＜0.01)、13.5％(P＜0.01)、55.3％ (P＜0.01).过度训练组巨噬细胞摄取中性红能力显著低于安静对照组,下降约27％(P＜0.05);过度训练组巨噬细胞IGF-1 mRNA水平约为安静对照组的21倍(P＜0.01),MGF mRNA水平约为安静对照组的92倍(P＜0.01);IGF-1对巨噬细胞吞噬功能无显著影响,各浓度组与未加药组相比均无显著性差异(P＞0.05); MGF呈浓度依赖性的抑制巨噬细胞吞噬功能,与未加药组相比,10 ng/ml、50 ng/ml组有显著性差异(P＜0.05),l00 ng/ml、200 ng/ml组有极显著性差异(P＜0.0l),各浓度组间比较无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论:过度训练抑制巨噬细胞吞噬功能;过度训练诱导产生的MGF可能在过度训练抑制巨噬细胞吞噬功能中发挥关键作用. 相似文献
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运动对糖尿病大鼠瘦素受体基因水平与功能的影响 总被引：18，自引：1，他引：17
目的中小强度运动对糖尿病大鼠瘦素受体的蛋白和RNA水平的影响,探讨运动改善糖尿病大鼠代谢紊乱的可能机理.方法40只SD大鼠分为4组糖尿病非运动组,糖尿病运动组,正常非运动组和正常运动组.运动组进行12周的中小强度跑步训练.Western印迹法检测大鼠肝脏,骨骼肌和胰腺组织瘦素受体的含量.RT-PCR检测肝脏,骨骼肌和胰腺组织的瘦素受体RNA水平.结果(1)糖尿病大鼠血糖较正常对照大鼠显著升高(P《0.05),血清胰岛素和瘦素(Leptin)水平明显下降(P《0.05).(2)糖尿病运动组大鼠经12周跑步训练后,血糖浓度显著下降(P《0.05),血胰岛素浓度显著升高(P《0.05),血浆瘦素(Leptin)水平相应显著上升(P《0.05);(3)糖尿病大鼠肝脏,骨骼肌和胰腺组织瘦素受体的蛋白含量和RNA水平有不同程度的显著下降(P《0.05),12周运动后各组织的瘦素受体的蛋白含量和mRNA水平显著增加(P《0.05).结论运动通过对瘦素受体基因水平和蛋白功能的影响介导胰岛素分泌和代谢作用的改善,是运动纠正糖尿病的能量代谢失衡的机制之一. 相似文献
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有氧运动对大鼠血清瘦素水平(Leptin)的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
柏建清 《天津体育学院学报》2008,23(1):74-76
为探讨有氧运动对大鼠血清中瘦素(leptin)含量的影响及变化的时相性,把SD(Spragne-Dawley)大鼠分为安静对照组(C)和有氧运动后即刻组(T0)、24h 组(T1)、48 h组(T2)、72h 组(T3)进行比较性研究.结果发现:与安静对照组相比,6周有氧跑台运动后,T0、T1、T2、T3组体重、体重增加量均显著低于对照组(前者P<0.01,后者P<0.05),双侧附睾脂肪垫重量显著低于对照组(P<0.05);血清瘦素含量,T1、T2、T3 组显著下降(P<0.01),T0组有下降趋势,但不具有显著性差异(P>0.05).各组下降的幅度分别为4%、20%、42%、15%,其中,T2组下降最明显.有氧运动各组相比,T2与 T0组相比显著下降(P<0.01),T2与T1组相比显著下降(P<0.05),T3与T2组相比显著升高(P<0.01).结论:有氧运动能够减少大鼠体重、体重增加量和腹部脂肪积累,调节脂代谢,防止肥胖和高脂血症的作用;降低血清 Leptin 水平,而且 Leptin 水平的下降具有时相性,可能是由于最后一次运动所产生的延迟作用造成的;体内 Leptin 含量下降与体脂减少密切相关,正常生理状态下运动降低血清瘦素水平是机体为维持自身体重稳定和能量平衡的一种适应性反应. 相似文献
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Abstract The relationship between organ weight and swimming capacity was determined in 42 male albino rats. Upon completion of a 4-week training program, the animals were forced to swim to exhaustion with 2 percent of the body weight attached. They were sacrificed and specific gravity and organ weights determined. The results warrant the following conclusions: A significant (p < .05) but low correlation exists between the relative weight of the spleen and lungs with swimming performance. The correlation of relative heart weight and swimming performance approached statistical significance (p < .06). Attaching a weight proportional to the body weight to increase the energy cost of swimming penalizes the heavier animals. Correcting for the inverse relationship between body weight and swim time does not alter appreciably the relationships between organ weights and swim time. 相似文献
19.
目的:研究耐力训练及轻度限制饮食过程中大鼠体重、体成分及静息代谢率的变化,比较耐力训练及轻度限制饮食减体重的效果。方法:将经过适应性训练筛选出的30只SD大鼠平均分为3组,随机分为安静组、限食组及耐力训练组。训练组大鼠采用水平动物跑台进行耐力训练6周。限食组大鼠饮食量控制为安静组大鼠的90%。试验期间每周称量大鼠体重,试验前、试验1周、3周、5周末测定大鼠静息代谢率,试验后处死大鼠并剥离其肾周、腹股沟脂肪及腓肠肌,称量其重量。结果:6周限制饮食及耐力训练后大鼠体重增幅较安静组大鼠均显著减少,且耐力训练组大鼠体重增幅显著低于限制饮食组。6周试验后,训练组大鼠肾周及腹股沟脂肪含量以及两部位脂肪总含量较安静组大鼠均显著下降,而限食组与安静组大鼠间则无显著差异。试验后各组大鼠腓肠肌占体重百分比间无显著性差异。试验后各组大鼠静息代谢率均发生显著下降,但3组大鼠间无显著性差异。结论:耐力训练使大鼠体重增幅显著减少,体成分有良好改变,瘦体重及静息代谢率得以保持,减体重效果良好;从减体重幅度、对体成分的影响角度看,轻度限制饮食减体重效果不及耐力训练。 相似文献
20.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(4):422-430
Abstract Several studies have examined energy expenditure in various sports but there is a lack of research on the contribution of exercise and habitual activity during different training periods. This study examined changes in total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) and its components during high- and low-volume training periods. Further, changes in time spent in sedentary, light, moderate and vigorous activity in response to different training volumes were explored. Energy expenditure was measured in 15 male endurance athletes during 2 non-consecutive weeks – 1 week of high volume (>13 hours) training and another week of low volume (<7 hours) training. The SenseWear Pro 3 Armband, individual heart-rate-oxygen consumption regression and indirect calorimetry was used to measure non-exercise activity thermogensis (NEAT), exercise energy expenditure (EEE) and resting metabolic rate, respectively. Time spent at different intensities was assessed using previously established MET cutpoints. TDEE as well as EEE increased significantly with higher training volume, while no difference in NEAT occurred. Further, significantly less time was spent in sedentary activities during the high-volume week. These results suggest that highly trained athletes do not compensate for increased training volume and reduce sedentary activities to allow for more training time. 相似文献