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1.
青少年篮球运动员供能特点的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用Wingate各项指标、MAOD值以及VO2max等对篮球运动员的供能特征进行研究,以同年龄段普通中学业余田径队员作为对照,结果为:篮球运动员的PK值大于同年龄段普通中学业余田径队员,说明该项目更多动用的是ATP-CP系统;而MP值及MAOD值无显著性差异,说明乳酸能系统的供能在该项目的能量代谢中并不占主要地位;此外,篮球运动员VO2max低于同年龄段业余田径队员,这可能与项目特点以及评价指标本身有关。 相似文献
2.
Abstract The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to replicate previous studies in which selected demographic and socioeconomic factors were examined as influences on socialization into youth sport and (b) to extend previous research by analyzing the effects of parental influence on involvement in and motivations toward sport. The range of focus in this study was from the time of the subjects' first encounter with organized sport through the senior year of high school. Data were obtained from direct administration of the questionnaire to twelfth-grade students in four Jackson, Mississippi, high schools. Regression analysis revealed that significant independent variables accounted for nearly 26% of the variance in sport involvement in one setting and nearly 10% of the variance in motivations toward involvement in sport and recreational activities. Subjects' gender, their fathers' past athletic experiences, and mothers' educational levels were the most influential independent variables. Influences varied between school sports and out-of-school sports and over the sports career of subjects. 相似文献
3.
西安市中学生篮球运动员心理控制点类型的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
运用文献资料法、量表测量法、专家访谈法和数理统计法,对196名西安市中学生篮球运动员进行调查和测试。结果表明:西安市中学生篮球运动员对于运动成功或运动失败在总体上具有适宜的心理控制点结构;女运动员比男运动员更具有偏向于内部控制的趋势;在成功内控的得分上,后卫比中锋、前锋更具有偏向于内部控制的趋势,在失败内控的得分上,无显著性差异;主力运动员比非主力运动员更具有偏向于内部控制的趋势。 相似文献
4.
Calvin P. Garbin Elba G. Stafford Carla D. Lowry 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(1):14-20
Abstract The present study examines the utility of several objective measures to predict which girls were selected for one of six junior high school basketball teams. One purpose of this research was to examine the extent to which differences between coaches' selection strategies might have contributed to the apparently contradictory results among previous attempts to identify correlates of coaches' ratings or team selections. Linear discriminant models of six coaches' team selections were constructed from measures of basketball and athletic skills, strength, physical measures, and competition anxiety obtained during the first week of practice. These models provided greater-than-chance agreement with coaches' player selection for each team (87%–93% correct classification). A cross-modeling procedure revealed that the six coaches' selections could be modeled in terms of one of three approaches to selection: a) Select the aspirants who possess the best basketball skills (three teams), b) select the aspirants with greatest size and strength and least competition anxiety (two teams), and c) select only the aspirants with both types of attributes (one team). The results indicate that it may be difficult to identify a single set of measures to select skillful or potentially skillful basketball players, because of differences in how coaches might choose to define these terms 相似文献
5.
Leonard M. Ridini 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):674-683
Abstract Junior high school boys (N=181) took part in this study. There were 91 athletes and 90 nonathletes who took five psychological function tests2 and eight sport skill tests to determine (a) whether differences existed in selected psychological functions and selected sport skills between junior high school boy athletes and nonathletes, (b) the degree of relationship between psychological functions and sport skills, (c) the implementation of a six-multiple variation equation in predicting probable individual sport skill scores, and (d) the degree of relationship between a long and short form psychological functions test and a long and short form sport skills test. The Stoelting visual reaction timer apparatus was used to test for simple reaction time. The Howard-Dolman apparatus was used to test for depth perception. The McClure perimeter was used to test for peripheral vision left eye, right eye, and total angle. The sport skill tests used were soccer combination skills and volley; basketball dribble shoot and volley; volleyball volley and serve; and baseball volley and repeat throws. Significant differences existed on all psychological function tests and sport skill tests between athletes and nonathletes, in favor of athletes. The psychological function tests were independent of each other except for peripheral vision total angle with right eye and left eye. There was a low to moderate relationship between the psychological functions and the sport skills. The six-variable multiple R regression equation had a 70 percent predictive accuracy on individual scores for each sport skill test. The short form psychological functions test and the short form sport skills test could replace their respective long forms. The short form psychological functions test could moderately predict sport skill performance in the sport skill areas selected. 相似文献
6.
Howard S. Slusher 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):539-545
Abstract Selected high school athletes (junior and senior lettermen in baseball, basketball, football, swimming, and wrestling) were compared with nonathletes from the same population for differences in selected profile scales, as indicated by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), and intelligent quotients (I). Personality characteristics in terms of MMPI categories of hypochondriasis (Hs), depression (D), hysteria (hy), psychopathic deviation (Pd), femininity (Mf), paranoia (Pa), and psychasthenia (Pt) distinguished betweeen athletic and nonathletic groups. Femininity and intelligence were significantly lower for all athletic groups when compared with the nonathletic group. Hypochondriasis was significantly higher for all athletic groups, except swimmers, when compared with the nonathletic group. Only hypomania (Ma) and the validity scale (K) failed to differentiate between athletic and nonathletic groups. 相似文献
7.
Jesús Vera Raimundo Jimnez David Crdenas Beatriz Redondo Jos Antonio García 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2020,9(6):587-594
BackgroundAthletes tend to have better visuo-motor performance than do sedentary individuals. However, several basic visual-function and perceptual parameters remain unexplored to date. In this study, we investigated whether differences exist in visual function, performance, and processing between basketball players and individuals without a sport-involvement background.MethodsA total of 33 healthy men with no visual impairment or pathology were divided into 2 groups, depending on the involvement in sport (semi-professional basketball players and sedentary individuals). We tested their baseline heart-rate variability in the resting position apart from subjective questionnaires to determine their physical fitness level, and we checked their visual function, performance, and processing through an extended battery of optometric tests.ResultsThe 2 groups differed in resting heart-rate variability parameters (p < 0.001), confirming their dissimilarities in regular time practising sports per week. The basketball players showed a closer breakpoint and recovery nearpoint of convergence, a higher fusional-vergence rate, better discriminability halos, and better eye–hand coordination (all p values < 0.05).ConclusionThese results show evidence that athletes, basketball players in this case, exhibit better performance in several visual abilities in comparison to a group of individuals without sporting backgrounds, suggesting an improvement due to the systematic involvement of those skills during basketball practice. 相似文献
8.
对优秀男子篮球运动员运动寿命的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
优秀男子篮球运动员的运动寿命在此特指运动员竞技能力达到高水平以后 ,正常情况下持续到不能再适应其原来参加的高水平重大比赛而退役的一段时间。这段时间的长短受到多方面因素的制约和影响 ,是一个复杂的问题。本文通过对不同时期中外优秀男子篮球运动员年龄的统计发现 :他们的年龄普遍有增长的趋势 ;他们的运动寿命普遍有延长的趋势。我们应该重新认识和划分优秀男子篮球运动员的年龄阶段 ,在注重培养新秀的同时 ,也要充分发挥“老将”的作用。 相似文献
9.
Although previous research has established that high school sports participation may be associated with positive academic outcomes, the parameters of the relationship remain unclear. Using a longitudinal sample of nearly 600 Western New York adolescents, this study examined gender- and race-specific differences in the impact of two dimensions of adolescent athletic involvement ("jock" identity and athlete status) on changes in school grades and school misconduct over a two-year interval. Female and black adolescents who identified themselves as "jocks" reported lower grades than those who did not, whereas female athletes reported higher grades than female nonathletes. Jocks also reported significantly more misconduct (including skipping school, cutting classes, having someone from home called to the school for disciplinary purposes, and being sent to the principal's office) than nonjocks. Gender moderated the relationship between athlete status and school misconduct; athletic participation had a less salutary effect on misconduct for girls than for boys. 相似文献
10.
本文借鉴体育统计学,运动训练学等理论与方法,对江门市在训篮球业余运动员的体型及选材进行调查分析。研究认为:1江门地区篮球后备人才在身体形态方面的主要表现为身材不高,相当部分在训运动员的身高、体重指标未能进入《大纲》选材的评价范围。2江门市篮球队员的克托莱指数的均数与我省高水平队伍相近,与我国高水平队伍仍存在较大差距。 相似文献
11.
普通高校篮球队运动员来源及其发展探讨 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文通过对1994年至2000年各系统的重点业余体校、体育中学、普通业余体校考入高等院校(包含体育院校)的篮球运动员用资料研究法、数据统计法进行分析表明我国在现有篮球后备人才培养体制下,有超过三分之一的后备运动员被输送到了高等院校,并有逐年递增的趋势.他们是高等院校篮球队的重要组成部分,也成为各高校参加CUBA篮球联赛的主力队员.由此得出结论是传统的篮球后备力量培养机制不能够适应市场经济体制下篮球运动发展的要求.高校篮球队在篮球后备力量培养上具有广阔前景.高校办高水平篮球队还需要进一步总结经验,完善各项制度使这些高水平的篮球运动员成为我国篮球运动的后备人才. 相似文献
12.
Joyce O. Olushola D. Floyd Jones Marlene A. Dixon B. Christine Green 《Sport Management Review》2013,16(2):211-225
Sport participation has the capacity to enhance the athletic and academic performance of adolescents. However, African-American participants have not enjoyed the positive academic benefits that are common among other populations. Sport is a popular developmental intervention for African-American youth, yet sport programs do not always render the intended benefits (Coalter, 2007). The purpose of this study was to determine the components of school-based sport programs that create long-term benefits for African-American girls. A high school basketball program based on positive youth development served as the program site. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with current and former players and program stakeholders. Four key values underpin the success of the program: family, education, discipline, and civic engagement. The results indicate that successful programs need flexible—not standard—design commitment to program values, and consistency in mission and implementation. Implications for the design and implementation of sport programs to improve the athletic and academic performance of African-American girls are discussed. 相似文献
13.
Catherine D. Ennis 《Sport, Education and Society》2013,18(1):31-49
ABSTRACT Findings from physical education research conducted over the last two decades suggest that girls' experiences in and perceptions of physical education in many team sport‐based programs are less than satisfactory. Team sports taught within a traditional multi‐activity format often permit dominant aggressive male players to control the game, marginalizing and alienating low‐skilled girls and boys. This paper critiques the circumstances often found in sport based physical education and reports the use of an innovative approach to team‐sport curriculum entitled, ‘Sport for Peace’, to enhance girls' levels of engagement and satisfaction in urban high school physical education. In this research, seven teachers and 15 girls were involved in the curriculum innovation in three urban high schools. Teachers trained and mentored using the curriculum implemented the program in two classes in each school. The implementation process was described using observation protocols and the teachers and girls were interviewed formally at the conclusion of the observation period. Data were analysed using constant comparison. Findings suggested that the Sport for Peace curriculum improved the sport environment for girls by enhancing their perceptions of success, promoting ownership of the sport content and the class processes, creating authentic cooperative environments for boys and girls, and encouraging the use of second chances to promote understanding and learning. Boys' altitudes towards girls' ability and motivation became more positive and girls indicated that they enjoyed participating with boys in these sport programs. The findings were analysed within Ladson‐Billings' conceptualization of culturally responsive 相似文献
14.
Jorge Arede Pedro Esteves António Paulo Ferreira Jaime Sampaio Nuno Leite 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(19):2220-2227
ABSTRACTThe aims of this study were to examine the medium-term effects of previous experiences during early stages of sport development on physical capacities of under-13 (U-13) talented basketball players and, to identify variables that discriminated under-14 (U-14) national team training camp selection. Anthropometrical and physical measurements were collected during a basketball training camp. Previous sport experiences (6–10 years), maturity offset, power outputs for jumping and sprinting were determined. A cluster analysis was used to allocate the subjects according to their different levels of sport experiences (more specialized vs. less specialized) to allow creating a dummy variable for the subsequent analysis of the physical variables. A stepwise discriminant analysis was computed to identify the construct that best classifies selected and non-selected players for U-14 national team training camp. The less specialized group outscored more specialized in all physical parameters, irrespectively of gender. The Abalakov Jump Peak Power and Predicted Adult Height (PAH) could successfully discriminate selected from non-selected players for U-14 national team training camp in boys and PAHin girls. The diversified and non-specific sport stimulus during early ages seem to be determinant to the acquisition and development of fundamental movement skills of talented basketball players. 相似文献
15.
Nicolas Mascret Jean-Louis Falconetti François Cury 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(3):358-364
Sport ability may be seen as relatively stable, genetically determined and not easily modified by practice, or as increasable with training, work and effort. Using the Implicit Association Test (IAT), the purpose of the present study is to examine whether the practice of a particular sport (swimming or basketball) can influence automatic beliefs about sport ability in these two sports. The IAT scores evidence that swimmers and basketball players automatically and implicitly associate their own sport with training rather than genetics, whereas non-sportspersons have no significant automatic association. This result is strengthened when perceived competence and intrinsic motivation in swimming or basketball are high. 相似文献
16.
本文以韦氏成人智力量表为测试工具对我国甲级女篮后卫(n= 55)为实验组,中、前锋(n= 38)为对照组,定量地研究了智力、智力结构与篮球运动的关系。结果发现不同技术水平的篮球队员具有不同水平的智力结构,我国甲级女篮运动技能运用中必备的智力结构四要素为:“注意集中,记忆”,“视动协调”、“言语理解,推理”,和“空间知觉组织”,而“视动协调”,“空间知觉组织”与运动技能关系极为密切,运动技能水平 高,“视动协调”,“空间知觉组织”能力发展快。韦氏量表中排图、积木和相似性测验所反映的智力因素是影响我国甲级女篮后卫运动技能的最重要智力因素 相似文献
17.
Abstract The frequency of one-legged stance and two-legged stance differs considerably among sports. We therefore expect the balance ability of athletes from different sports to vary. This study compared the sway characteristics during a static one-legged stance of soccer players, basketball players, swimmers, and non-athletes. The centre of pressure sway during one-legged stance of ten male participants representing each of the four groups was measured using a stabilometer. Centre of pressure sway was assessed by four sway factors: sway velocity, anterior-posterior sway, horizontal sway, and high-frequency sway. None of the four groups of participants showed significant differences in body sway between standing on the dominant leg and standing on the non-dominant leg. The soccer players had more high-frequency sway and less anterior-posterior sway and horizontal sway than the basketball players, swimmers, and non-athletes. These results suggest that soccer players have superior ability to maintain a stable one-legged stance. Further study is required to determine how much of the superior balance ability in soccer players is innate and how much is developed through training, as well as to determine the relationship between balance ability and playing performance. 相似文献
18.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(5):426-432
AbstractIn ball games, players have to pay close attention to visual information in order to predict the movements of both the opponents and the ball. Previous studies have indicated that players primarily utilise cues concerning the ball and opponents' body motion. The information acquired must be effective for observing players to select the subsequent action. The present study evaluated the effects of changes in the video replay speed on the spatial visual search strategy and ability to predict free throw success. We compared eye movements made while observing a basketball free throw by novices and experienced basketball players. Correct response rates were close to chance (50%) at all video speeds for the novices. The correct response rate of experienced players was significantly above chance (and significantly above that of the novices) at the normal speed, but was not different from chance at both slow and fast speeds. Experienced players gazed more on the lower part of the player's body when viewing a normal speed video than the novices. The players likely detected critical visual information to predict shot success by properly moving their gaze according to the shooter's movements. This pattern did not change when the video speed was decreased, but changed when it was increased. These findings suggest that temporal information is important for predicting action outcomes and that such outcomes are sensitive to video speed. 相似文献
19.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(5):329-336
Abstract Aspects of team players' performance are negatively affected when ~ 2% body mass is lost by perspiration. Although such dehydration is likely reached during summer practice in outdoors sports, it is unclear if such dehydration is achieved during the practice of indoor sports. We assessed the fluid and electrolyte deficits of elite team players during practice for the following indoor sports: indoor soccer (n=9), basketball (n=11), volleyball (n=10), and handball (n=13). Morning hydration status was estimated by measuring urine specific gravity. Sweat rate was calculated from body mass changes and fluid intake. Sweat sodium concentration from the forearm was used to estimate whole-body sodium losses. Over 91% of the players were moderately hypohydrated (urine specific gravity>1.020) at waking 3 h before practice. Indoor soccer players sweated at a higher rate (1.8 litres · h?1) than volleyball and handball players (1.2 and 1.1 litres · h?1, respectively; P<0.05), whereas sweat rate was not different between basketball players (1.5 litres · h?1) and the other team sport players (P>0.05). In average, 62±13% of sweat losses were replaced and teams' body mass loss did not exceed 1.2±0.3%. Sodium losses were similar among teams, averaging 1.2±0.2 g. The exercise fluid replacement habits of professional indoor team players are adequate to prevent 2% dehydration. However, most players could benefit from increasing fluid intake between workouts to offset the high prevalence of morning hypohydration. 相似文献
20.
David H. Hunt 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):704-707
Abstract This study was designed to investigate the differences in four personality traits between Negro and white athletes and nonathletes utilizing the Gordon Personal Profile. Six hypotheses, all stated in the null form, were used in comparing the different groups. A total of 111 subjects were divided into four groups based upon their ethnic background and athletic ability. The results produced seven significant differences at the .05 level: three between white athletes and white nonathletes; one between Negro varsity athletes and Negro nonathletes; and three between white varsity athletes and Negro nonathletes. These results suggested that white varsity athletes were significantly different and ranked higher in Ascendancy, Responsibility, and Emotional Stability traits when compared to Negro and white nonathletes. They also suggested that Negro varsity athletes were significantly different and ranked higher in Responsibility when compared to Negro nonathletes. No significant differences occurred when white varsity athletes and Negro varsity athletes were compared; when Negro varsity athletes and white nonathletes were compared; or when Negro nonathletes and white nonathletes were compared. 相似文献