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1.
姜亮 《湖北成人教育学院学报》2014,(3):94-96
学费收入是地方公办高职院校办学经费的主要来源,学费收缴工作对高职院校的正常运转和事业发展起着关键作用。地方公办高职院校学费收缴工作总体情况良好,但仍存在一些不容忽视问题。本文提出了一些对策和措施以增强地方公办高职院校学费收缴工作的规范性和实效性。 相似文献
2.
Recent demographic trends and growth in the public sector of higher education have created severe strains for many private liberal arts colleges. The population ecology model, which explains the survival or demise of organizations in terms of their ability to negotiate for resources in their environment, provides a framework for assessing predictors of continued success among colleges. A three-way discriminant analysis based on the population ecology framework and other empirical research led to the successful classification of almost 72% of a sample of colleges in terms of their experiences during the 1970s. Number of departments, median state income, library holdings per enrollee, sectarian affiliation, annual tuition, Roman Catholic affiliation, and SAT composite score were found to be major predictors. 相似文献
3.
高等教育学费二元结构是公办和民办高校产权差异和学费制度差异的反映。公共财政不足造成了公办和民办高等教育的二元规制、市场的二元分割和市场功能定位的分化。这导致学费定价中政府与市场的边界不清、公办和民办高等教育学费标准的差异与质量的差异不对称、个人投资收益率的差异扩大、学费的资源配置功能弱化。“效率优先,兼顾公平”是其指导思想,其不利于先天禀赋不足的学生,其社会福利效应逐渐降低。在公共财政能力已经增强,高等教育已经大众化的背景下,应该取消对公办和民办高等教育的二元规制,加大民办高等教育的财政投入,提高民办高等教育的质量,加强民办高等教育的学生资助,消除高等教育学费二元结构的不利影响。 相似文献
4.
Terrence A. Tollefson 《Community College Journal of Research & Practice》2013,37(3-4):386-402
Community colleges in America are now very visible and highly respected institutions of higher education. More than 1,000 community colleges in all 50 states now comprise nearly 25% of all colleges and universities in the U.S., with over 6.5 million students, or about 45% of all college students. State and local governance and coordination of community colleges vary from single-state governing boards to minimal state control and strong local governing boards. The relative degrees of state and local control of community colleges generally “follow the money,” in that accountability to state and local governing board and state legislatures is generally about proportional to the funds provided by each level of government. Funding for operational support of community colleges comes primarily from state and local governments, with considerable federal support for grants and subsidized loans to students. In 2000–2001, the largest proportional funding sources for community colleges were: state governments (44.6%), local governments (19.5%), tuition and fees (19.5%) and the federal government (5.4%). State lotteries in at least 38 states represent a relatively new source of funds for community colleges, often in the form of student scholarships. Many of the earliest public junior colleges charged no tuition, especially in California in the early 1900s. Now many community college students pay $3,000 or more per year in tuition and fees, and recent annual tuition increases in many states have been in double digits. This is a troubling trend that threatens to reduce access to higher education for poor people. 相似文献
5.
The relationship between key state policy variables — (1) relative (private–public) tuition prices, (2) state student-aid funding, and (3) public institution density — and the competitive position of private colleges and universities is examined. Elite private schools are found to be nearly impervious to state policy. Large and moderately selective private institutions are adversely affected by public institution density and low public prices. Such prices divert students who would otherwise prefer these private institutions to similar public schools. State student aid funding most affects the enrollment market shares of the small, low-selectivity private colleges enrolling the greatest proportions of minority and modest-income students. The findings suggest state policies in this era of strong demand for higher education and constrained public sector capacity should use price signals (student aid and public institution pricing) to encourage students to consider seriously whether private higher education might serve their needs as well as or better than public institutions. 相似文献
6.
公办、民办高职院校协调发展是高等职业教育持续健康发展的基础。教育公平视角下,福建省公办与民办高职院校存在发展基础、办学经费、队伍建设、办学质量等方面的差异。在当前福建高等职业教育发展的大背景中,面对教育的公益性原则,基于教育的公平准则,应当正视公办与民办高职院校的发展差异问题,积极采取各种措施,努力促进公办与民办高职院校全面协调可持续发展。 相似文献
7.
21世纪以来,我国密集颁布了一系列教育改革文件,推动教育治理的现代化进程。政府主体在高职教育外部治理过程中承担着主体责任,各级地方政府应尽快让中央"放管服"精神落地,公布地方政府的权力清单、负面清单、服务清单和资格清单,完善高职教育法制和监督机制;通过构建行业企业参与的激励机制,推进高职院校治理体制改革,校企合作培养"双师型"教师,调动市场组织合作办学的积极性;此外,还要规范社会中介组织对高职教育的评价,充分发挥第三方评价的作用。厘清外部治理三方主体的责任,可以促进各方共同推进高职教育外部治理现代化的进程。 相似文献
8.
George M. Dennison 《Innovative Higher Education》2003,28(1):7-20
Privatization refers to the changing funding base for public higher education. Beginning in the late 1970s, state governments slowly but steadily decreased the level of support for higher education. As the state support declined, student tuition rose, both in absolute terms and as a percentage of the support for the Education and General budgets of public colleges and universities. At the same time, the rationale for higher education changed, from viewing it as a public benefit—with the major share of the cost borne by the public—to describing it as a private benefit—with the students paying the major share of the cost. A public policy issue of this magnitude requires the involvement of the public in an informed discussion before change occurs. 相似文献
9.
苗素莲 《广东教育学院学报》2007,27(4):34-37
国家政策在一定程度上决定了我国民办高等教育的生存与发展.目前国家政策把民办高校定位于专科层次的高等职业教育.这种不合理的定位限制了民办高等教育的进一步发展.因此要调整民办高等教育的政策定位,允许有条件的民办高校进入本科及研究生教育领域,实现公办高校与民办高校共同发展. 相似文献
10.
高职院校是实现中国制造2025和培养技术技能型人才的重要教育组织。2006年以来,国家对高职院校开展了"示范校"、"骨干校"和"双高计划"等央财专项建设工程,这集中体现了国家对高职院校的项目治理逻辑。中央政府通过财政和行政激励对高职院校实施制度体系建设、政策试点和重点专项扶持,形成项目的资源集中优势和竞争择优效应。但是,教育项目制下的政策集中化也带来了一些"意外后果",如高职院校组织策略的向上聚焦、人才培养目标逐渐偏离市场、高职精英校和一般校的分化及教育资源分配的马太效应等。教育项目制的生成动因、内涵定义、运作逻辑、组织基础和效用限度等方面受到了传统科层制的影响,项目治理实质是在中央和地方政府多层"委托-代理"关系下,处理政策集中化和区域差异化的内在张力。 相似文献
11.
Through increased international student tuition revenue, internationalization provides public Canadian higher education institutions opportunities to offset the effects of stagnant provincial operating grants or earmarked governmental allocations. Pathway colleges, institutions that are either operated by host institutions or as private corporations, offer international students alternative routes to bachelor’s degrees, pathways that are intended for students who do not meet the entrance criteria of Canada’s public sector universities. While beneficial for some students, our analysis shows that pathway colleges tilt the public university towards an academic model that eschews collegial governance structures, privileges a consumerist vision of education, and relies on contract and precarious academic labor.We presenta typology of pathway colleges, providing examples of this trend across Canada. Our study examines the potential increase of human vulnerability that these colleges both produce and rely upon for staff and student recruitment.
相似文献12.
Andrés Bernasconi 《Higher Education》2006,52(2):303-342
The expansion of private sectors of higher education has usually been regarded as a factor of diversification in higher education
systems. Some of this differentiation has been found to arise from the affiliation of private institutions with organizations
outside the field of higher education. This article reports the results of a study of this form of interorganizational relationship
in private universities in Chile. Cases include universities founded or sponsored by religious, business and military organizations.
A typology of private universities is proposed, on the basis of the forms affiliation (or its absence), was observed to take
in the cases examined. Weak and strong forms of affiliation are described, and affiliated universities are compared to “proprietary”
universities, i.e., those owned by individuals who govern them from their positions in the board of directors, and “independent”
universities, in which governance lies with internal – academic or administrative – constituents. Albeit derived from the
case of Chile, the typology could be applied to the analysis of private higher education in other national systems. The second
part of the article seeks to ascertain whether affiliation operates as a source of differentiation in Chilean private higher
education. Results show that, compared to the other types of private universities, the affiliated ones possess distinctive
mission statements and declarations of principles, consistent with the orientations of their sponsor institutions, they tend
to be smaller, and to have more full-time and better qualified faculty. Some receive financial support from their sponsor
organization or its members. Distinctiveness was not found in indicators of prestige and student selectivity, nor in tuition
levels, program offerings, curriculum design, the weight of research and graduate programs in their functions, student socioeconomic
profile, and faculty involvement in governance. This is not to say that there are no differences in these dimensions among
private universities: much diversity exists, but most of it cuts across all categories of interest for our study. Overall,
affiliation does not appear to be a strong factor behind the diversification that exists in the Chilean private university
sector. 相似文献
13.
面对新技术新产业带来的工作任务的复杂化、综合化,推进专业群建设成为高等职业教育创新改革的核心内容。经过国家高等职业教育示范校、骨干校以及中央财政支持高等职业学校提升专业服务能力项目、高等职业教育创新发展行动计划等一系列政策和项目的引领,我国高等职业院校专业群建设完成了从初期的以要素建设提升专业群自身能力为主向以完善动态调整和诊断改进机制提升专业群服务产业发展能力建设的转变。 相似文献
14.
强化“双师型”教师队伍建设是我国推进高水平高职学校内涵式发展的重要战略举措。中国特色高水平高职学校和专业建设计划将“打造高水平双师队伍”作为高职学校改革发展的主要任务之一,明确提出要“以‘四有’标准打造数量充足、专兼结合、结构合理的高水平‘双师型’教师队伍……合力培育一批具有绝技绝艺的技术技能大师。”2019年8月,教育部等四部门印发《深化新时代职业教育“双师型”教师队伍建设改革实施方案》,再次明确要大力提升职业院校“双师型”教师队伍建设水平,为实现我国职业教育现代化、培养大批高素质技术技能人才提供有力的师资保障。这在一定意义上为强化高水平高职学校“双师型”教师队伍建设指明了方向。基于此,本文通过阐释“双师型”教师队伍在高水平高职学校建设中的作用,明确“双师型”教师队伍建设的基本理念,进而探索高水平高职学校“双师型”教师队伍建设的新路径。 相似文献
15.
建设高水平高职学校是职业教育领域综合改革的标志。优化并完善高职学校内外部治理结构,形成以健全章程为核心的现代高水平高职学校制度体系,已成为职业教育现代化发展的必由之路。而明确高水平职业学校内外部治理结构关系、权力指向以及运行机理,是优化高水平职业学校治理结构、实现治理能力现代化的关键举措。针对目前高职学校办学动力不足、校企合作模式单一以及高职学校内部权力清单与责任清单不明确等问题,笔者试图以“中国特色高水平高职学校和专业建设计划”、《国家职业教育改革实施方案》等政策性文件为依据,探讨如何将善治与职业教育的特征相结合,构建善意共在的高水平高职学校治理结构。 相似文献
16.
信息化建设是我国“新四化”建设的重要内容,也是中国特色高水平高职学校建设的一项重要指标,对职业教育综合改革、培养高级技术技能型人才意义重大。据不完全统计,2010年以来,教育部出台的信息化建设相关文件多达87份,每一份文件都涉及信息资源建设。如《高等职业教育创新发展行动计划》提出构建国家、省、学校三级数字教育资源共建共享体系,努力探索建立高效率低成本的资源可持续开发、应用、共享、交易服务模式和运作机制。《教育信息化2.0行动计划》要求整合各级各类教育资源公共服务平台和支持系统,逐步实现资源平台、管理平台的互通、衔接与开放。《中国特色高水平高职学校和专业建设计划》更明确要求消除信息孤岛,提升管理效能和水平。这些政策的出台与实施,推动了职业学校教育教学改革进程,有助于提高人才培养质量,但高职学校信息资源建设实况与国家政策目标尚存在一定差距,仍有诸多问题亟待解决。鉴于此,本文基于目前高职学校信息化建设存在问题,运用机制设计理论分析问题产生的原因,本着“一切为了学生发展”的理念,探索实现高职学校信息资源互惠共享的有效路径。 相似文献
17.
张宏霞 《邢台职业技术学院学报》2014,(2):76-79
根据2003-2011年相关统计数据,分析大连市高等职业教育发展及其对地区经济增长的贡献。研究结果显示,大连市高职教育得到了蓬勃发展,但对地区经济增长的贡献偏低。建议加强职业教育经费投入;政府、行业、企业与高校四方联动,创新办学机制;调整高职院校区域分布和专业划分。 相似文献
18.
山东省高职教育发展及其对经济增长的贡献研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据2001~2010年相关统计数据,分析山东省高等职业教育发展及其对地区经济增长的贡献。研究结果显示,十年间山东省高职教育得到了蓬勃发展,但对地区经济增长的贡献偏低。建议加强高职院校师资规模和质量建设;政府、行业、企业与高校四方联动,提高高职教育对经济增长的贡献;调整高职院校区域分布和专业划分。 相似文献
19.
李志前 《河南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2012,(2):247-251
民国私立高校曾获得快速发展,其经费来源多元化是重要保证.在所有经费来源中,学费收入所占比例虽然不高,却是最稳定的经费来源.社会捐资份额最重,是私立高校成功办学的主要经费来源;政府资助经费所占比例较低,但具有重要意义;其他还包括银行借贷、自营收入、办学者私产等经费来源.私立高校多元化的经费来源在吸收社会资源投入教育事业方面发挥了重要作用,但是,经费来源结构直接决定了私立高校地区分布的不平衡性,而且与公立高校相比,私立高校经费水平还存在较大差距. 相似文献
20.
国家-社会视角下的农村基础教育发展:教育政治学分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
郭建如 《北京大学教育评论》2005,3(3):70-79
本文从国家—社会的视角剖析了农村基础教育百年来的发展过程,集中探讨了近些年农村社会发生的若干重大过程,如税费改革中县乡财政关系的调整、农村中小学布局调整中利益格局的变化及私立教育兴起等对农村基础教育的发展及其治理结构的影响,描述了农村基础教育发展的不同阶段国家与社会关系的变化,着重分析了这些过程中政府之间以及政府、学校与民众之间围绕教育治理所发生的互动关系,指出了农村基础教育发展的某些新动向。 相似文献