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1.
John Michael Roberts 《The Information Society》2016,32(1):28-39
Some argue that the “co-creative labors” of “prosumers,” who often work for free on social media sites, represent new types of exploitation insofar that they provide novel ways for capitalists to accumulate surplus value. For others, however, prosumers illustrate how capitalism is now dominated by commercial and noncommercial informational networks that build brand value in innovative ways, especially through “immaterial” relations of communication and information. This article argues that each perspective has limitations. By working from an alternative Marxist perspective the article outlines some of these limitations and then argues that co-creative labor and prosumers are best explored as representing unproductive labor that helps transfer, but not produce, already generated surplus value from the productive to unproductive spheres of the global economy. Through their free labor, prosumers thus have the potential to cut costs for new media companies in the unproductive sphere of the economy. The article further suggests that the “unproductive” actions of prosumers are compatible with a financialized form of knowledge capitalism. 相似文献
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Maxime Ouellet 《The Information Society》2013,29(1):20-27
Beginning with a reading of Marx proposed by the critical theory of value, the assumptions of Fuchs (2010) and Arvidsson and Colleoni (2012) in the debate on value creation in informational capitalism are analyzed. The theorization of immaterial labor proposed by these authors is limited in its capacity to articulate a radical critique of political economy. Since the immaterial labor theory is marked by the absence of a dialectical critique of knowledge forms constituted under capitalism, it cannot advance Marx's push for a critique of the categories of political economy. The dynamics of capitalism entail a process of alienation that is not limited to exploiting the work done immediately by the producers; they also generate an alienation of forms of knowledge: the alienation of the “general intellect” itself. 相似文献
3.
Christian Fuchs 《The Information Society》2013,29(3):179-196
This article argues that in informational capitalism, the notion of class should not be confined to capital as one class and wage labor as the other class. The notion of class needs to be expanded to include everybody who creates and recreates spaces of common experience, such as user-generated content on the Internet, through their practices. These spaces and experiences are appropriated and thereby expropriated and exploited by capital to accumulate capital. The rise of informational capitalism requires us to rethink the notion of class and to relate the class concept to knowledge labor. 相似文献
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Hamid R. Ekbia 《The Information Society》2016,32(3):165-175
Current debates around user-generated content and its role in wealth generation can be understood as attempts to apply or develop a theory of exploitation or, more broadly, a theory of value. This article seeks to provide a theory based on the network asymmetries of late capitalism, which tend to unevenly distribute network resources through a logic of “digital inclusion.” The mechanisms that enable this asymmetric situation are introduced, and the historical displacements that have given rise to those mechanisms are briefly discussed. The conceptual model that emerges from the analysis reveals the salient features of the contemporary connexionist world that transcend, but do not erase, class boundaries. 相似文献
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We engage with recent applications of the Marxist “labor theory of value” to online prosumer practices, and offer an alternative framework for theorizing value creation in such practices. We argue that the labor theory of value is difficult to apply to online prosumer practices for two reasons. One, value creation in such practices is poorly related to time. Two, the realization of the value accumulated by social media companies generally occurs in financial markets, rather than in direct commodity exchange. In an alternative framework, we offer an understanding of value creation as based primarily on the capacity to initiate and sustain webs of affective relations, and value realization as linked to a reputation based financial economy. We argue that this model describes the process of value creation and appropriation in the context of online prosumer platforms better than an approach based on the Marxist labor theory of value. We also suggest that our approach can cast new light on value creation within informational capitalism in general. 相似文献
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《Information processing & management》2016,52(6):1178-1187
This study investigates how resource genres affect the specificity or level of abstraction of user-generated tags. This study found significant variations in frequency of assignment of superordinate, subordinate and basic level terms representing news, blog and ecommerce resource genres. Study observed users’ preferences to represent news and blog resources with basic or subordinate level tags and ecommerce resources with superordinate and basic level of tags. Study also observed multifaceted representation of resource genres, suggesting that use of genre tags is “situated” and grounded in language. This study suggests that representation of knowledge based on resource genres and levels of abstraction of user-generated tags may improve representation, organization, and findability of the resources in the distributed knowledge environments. 相似文献
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Social media analytics: Extracting and visualizing Hilton hotel ratings and reviews from TripAdvisor
Analyzing and extracting insights from user-generated data has become a topic of interest among businesses and research groups because such data contains valuable information, e.g., consumers’ opinions, ratings, and recommendations of products and services. However, the true value of social media data is rarely discovered due to overloaded information. Existing literature in analyzing online hotel reviews mainly focuses on a single data resource, lexicon, and analysis method and rarely provides marketing insights and decision-making information to improve business’ service and quality of products. We propose an integrated framework which includes a data crawler, data preprocessing, sentiment-sensitive tree construction, convolution tree kernel classification, aspect extraction and category detection, and visual analytics to gain insights into hotel ratings and reviews. The empirical findings show that our proposed approach outperforms baseline algorithms as well as well-known sentiment classification methods, and achieves high precision (0.95) and recall (0.96). The visual analytics results reveal that Business travelers tend to give lower ratings, while Couples tend to give higher ratings. In general, users tend to rate lowest in July and highest in December. The Business travelers more frequently use negative keywords, such as “rude,” “terrible,” “horrible,” “broken,” and “dirty,” to express their dissatisfied emotions toward their hotel stays in July. 相似文献
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自20世纪90年代中期以来,“公众科学”的概念逐渐受到学界关注并形成了一个新的研究领域,但目前学界对于“公众科学”的内涵仍没有共识。为此本文追溯了实践进路和政治进路两种不同内涵的公众科学的源起、内容与影响,并对两种公众科学的形成背景、理论预设、政策影响等方面的差异进行了系统比较;同时阐述了已有研究对于融合两种公众科学进路的尝试。最后,文章提出公众科学是一种以公众为主体的新知识生产方式,并结合国内公众科学情况提出了几点发展建议。 相似文献
9.
目前,劳动教育在大学生获得感培养方面仍有可提升之处。该文通过互动仪式链视角“情境”“符号”“情感”的核心要素,分析大学生劳动获得感现状,发现大学生存在身体在场空置、符号动力不足、情感体验式微的困境。上海第二工业大学进行了提升大学生劳动获得感的本土实践,创建中微观情境,打造显性认同的劳动符号,实现情感体验的延续,切实聚焦劳动获得内容、获得环境、获得途径、获得体验和获得共享,实现劳动有所获、有所得,推动大学生劳动获得感提升的良性循环。 相似文献
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《Research Policy》1987,16(1):1-15
The study has three interrelated themes:We comment on underlying assumptions of some models of technological change and their particular shortcomings for the industries discussed here: brewery, malting, distilleries and processing dairies. These have implications for some attempts to forecast energy consumption patterns even under apparently favourable economic conditions.The results of recent survey work in these industries are analysed for what they can reveal about the uptake of recent inventions and some longer standing innovations in energy conservation and recovery, and the ability and willingness to both adopt and adapt from technically proven concepts with promising economic potential: less than 15 percent of technically “feasible” opportunities for energy conservation were taken up during the five year (1979–1984) period covered by the study.The conclusion drawn is that, site specific and local managerial factors as well as economic considerations dominate the performance of firm in the industry (as measured by energy cost-saving efforts). While industry-wide “savings targets” may have some psychological value, they cannot, therefore, be based on “benchmarks” linked to “best” practices and measurable levels of technological achievement from any recognisably “typical” group of firms. It follows that attempts to forecast future energy consumption or energy savings which assume such technological changes could be misleading, unless underpinned by clear statements about technical and technological choices specifically usable (not merely “available”) by large segments of well-defined industrial activities. 相似文献
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针对现有服务要素内容作用方式、重点不清晰的问题,基于2002—2015年中国工业面板数据,构建嵌入在全球价值链中制造业服务化投入与技术溢出协同促进劳动生产率的理论模型。实证表明：(1)嵌入全球价值链中并不一定有助于优化制造业服务化投入与技术溢出对劳动生产率的作用效果;(2)在嵌入全球价值链的过程中,有效利用不同服务内容投入、促进要素资源重组对劳动生产率的提升更为重要;(3)低端产业向高端产业跃迁过程中,要素投入内容重点和方式发生改变。本文为推动产业升级提供了思路和建议。 相似文献
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运用马克思劳动价值论分析技术和专利作为商品的二因素,可以发现技术和专利的价值都不包含"不费分文"的前人科研劳动成果,专利作为商品出售所获得的剩余价值有限,专利作为生产资料发挥其使用价值能够在专利保护期内获得持续的超额剩余价值,在专利实际工作中专利运营的最终目标还应放在专利作为生产资料的实施应用上来。 相似文献
14.
罗桂环 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1985,23(6):476-482
“Quan Fang Bei Zu” is a compiled work mainly for folklores, poems and other literary works concerning some common plants with some botanical information in it. It is certainly not a pure botanical work, covering no more than 240 species of plants, and thus has little use as a reference book in indexing names even in a primitive sense. Therefore “Quan Fang Bei Zu” could not be considered as a botanical dictionary. Xu Wen-xuan and his co-workers’ argument that “Quan Fang Bei Zu” was the most perfect ancient botanical codes and records till then is not convincing. Actually “Tu Jing Ben Cao” is of higher value than the book under discussion from botanical point of view. 相似文献
15.
在一个组织乃至整个社会中,认知差异往往构成组织冲突的重要成因。研究基于知识管理理论与认知理论,以转基因技术产品为例,对群体对立认知的形成机制与互动模式进行探索式案例研究。研究发现持不同观点态度的群体可以追溯到其不同的知识架构基础,例如支持("挺转")群体的专业知识逻辑和方法逻辑,抵制("反转")群体的非专业知识逻辑、生活经验和职业经历,及其基于不同知识架构的信息搜寻和筛选策略,进而形成不同的认知模式和认知对象,故提出一个整合性的认知框架。研究还发现支持群体在互动中演化出正面自证和推翻质疑两种应对策略。这些结果对于消除认知偏见、企业制定市场进入战略和政府政策制定都有一定的启示意义。 相似文献
16.
《Research Policy》2023,52(1):104645
This paper explores the relationship between innovation and wages using Brazil’s employer–employee census (RAIS) and a novel measure of innovation derived from the share of technical and scientific occupations of workers. The results show a robust and positive wage premium associated with innovative firms. The decomposition of this innovation-related wage premium suggests that it is larger for workers in manufacturing, although also positive and significant for those in agriculture and services; and larger for large firms. More importantly, the paper explores the causality between innovation and wages. First, we find some empirical support for “self-selection” — firms that innovate already pay higher wages before becoming innovators. Second, we find strong evidence of wage increases associated with starting innovation activity, which are persistent for three years after firms start innovating. Innovation pays off also for workers. 相似文献
17.
该研究以公安院校大学生为样本,编制《公安院校大学生劳动观调查问卷》并进行调查分析。结果表明,公安院校大学生的劳动观总体状况良好,不同年级学生在劳动目的意义观、劳动荣辱观、劳动分工观三个因子和总体劳动观上具有显著差异,不同性别的学生在劳动目的意义观、劳动荣辱观两个因子和总体劳动观上具有显著差异。回归分析表明,学校重视、课堂教学、辅导员管理、家庭教育对劳动观三个因子和总体劳动观均具有显著正向影响。结合数据分析结果,该研究提出有的放矢地推进公安院校劳动观教育、发挥教师在劳动观教育中的主导作用、构建家校一体化劳动观协同教育平台三条建议。 相似文献
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地方“失忆、错忆、残忆、断忆”危机背景下,探究“留得住乡愁”的发展模式、传承和保护城乡记忆对实现新型城镇化发展有重要意义。旅游发展被认为是“留住乡愁”的一种有效途径,凝结着本地居民集体记忆的地域乡愁文化元素有较大的旅游资源开发价值。然而,目前鲜有学者对地域乡愁文化元素进行系统梳理。基于此,本文以古徽州文化旅游区为案例,结合蚂蜂窝、携程网平台发布的古徽州文化旅游区相关游记文本,采用ROST CM6软件的词频分析、情感分析以及扎根理论等分析方法,对旅游视角下的地域乡愁文化元素进行了识别,并构建其维度。研究发现：地域乡愁文化元素是吸引游客的重要载体,游客视角下乡愁文化元素可归结为自然景观映像、建筑风貌格局、社区生活氛围、劳作场景遗存、乡土故事人物、传承技艺表达、地方节庆展演7个维度,不同维度相应地包含了多个范畴;游客对乡愁文化元素持有强烈的个人情感,自然景观、劳作场景、传承技艺类元素表现出普遍的欣赏和赞叹,而对于建筑风貌、社区生活、乡土故事、地方节庆,则存在不少争议。本文丰富了旅游地理学领域文化旅游资源的内容,有利于推动旅游地“留住乡愁”地方旅游文化资源挖掘和利用。 相似文献
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The main goal of this paper is to analyse the single and joint impact of regulation policies and research network policies on environmental innovation. Our theoretical framework combines the open eco-innovation mode approach with the Porter Hypothesis, by adapting them to the knowledge production function where green patents are the dependent variable. We focus on the factors that influence the production of green patents as a proxy of new “environmental” knowledge for a panel of European countries over time. We find that both marked-based regulation policies and participation in green European research networks (in particular with universities and public research centres) positively affect environmental innovation. Moreover, the two policy tools have a complementary effect. This suggests that the effectiveness of environmental regulation policies can be increased by combining them with appropriate innovation policies. 相似文献