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1.
The purpose of this study was to examine associations of fundamental movement skills (FMS) with measures of body composition among children and adolescents. Secondary analyses of cross-sectional data collected from 4,363 children and adolescents in Grades 4, 6, 8, and 10 as part of the 1997 New South Wales Schools Fitness and Physical Activity Survey were conducted. Six FMS (run, vertical jump, throw, catch, kick, and strike) were assessed by observation. Height and weight (used to calculate body mass index; BMI) and waist circumference were directly measured. Results indicated that the children's and adolescents' ability to perform FMS was significantly related to BMI and waist circumference. Specifically, BMI and waist circumference were significant predictors for FMS in six of the eight demographic groups. Adjusted odds ratios revealed that overweight boys and girls in all grades were less likely to possess high levels of FMS and more likely to possess low levels of FMS than those who weren't overweight. When FMS were partitioned into locomotor and object-control skills, nonoverweight boys and girls in each grade were two to three times more likely to possess more advanced locomotor skills than overweight boys and girls. However, for object-control skills, the only demographic groups in which nonoverweight students possessed a greater number of advanced skills than overweight students were boys in Grades 6 and 10. There appear to be significant and important associations between performance of locomotor skills and weight status among children and adolescents. This would suggest that intervention strategies to prevent unhealthy weight gain among children and youth might usefully include increasing proficiency of locomotor skills as a key component. 相似文献
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《Journal of sports sciences》2012,30(1):13-20
ABSTRACTCross-sectional study aimed to analyse differences in cognitive performance across fitness components categories (cardiorespiratory fitness [CRF], speed-agility and muscular fitness [MF]) and weight status in children, and to determine whether physical fitness mediates the association between body mass index (BMI) and cognitive performance. Fitness components and BMI were measured using standard procedures in 630 children aged 5-to-7 years from the provinces of Cuenca and Ciudad Real, Spain. BADyG was used to assess cognitive performance. We used ANCOVA models to test mean differences in cognition scores by BMI and fitness categories. Hayes’s PROCESS macro was used for mediation analyses. Children with normal weight scored better in spatial factor and general intelligence than their overweight/obese peers (p < 0.05), but differences were attenuated when controlling for CRF (p > 0.05). Children with better results in CRF and speed-agility scored better in all cognitive dimensions even after controlling for BMI (p < 0.05). Similarly, children with high MF obtained better scores in verbal factor (p < 0.05). All fitness components acted as mediators of the relationship between BMI and general intelligence (p < 0.05). These findings highlight the crucial role of fitness in minimising the negative effect of excess weight on children’s cognition.Abbreviations: BMI: Body mass index; CRF: Cardiorespiratory fitness; MF: Muscular fitness; BADyG E1: Battery of general and differential aptitudes; SES: Socioeconomic status; SD: Standard deviation; IE: Indirect effect 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(2):121-127
Abstract In the present study, we examined different categories of cardiorespiratory fitness and obesity and their relationship with risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) factors in youth. We hypothesized that youngsters with low cardiorespiratory fitness would be at greater risk of CVD risk factors, whether they are obese or not. This study was carried out as a part of a longitudinal research project conducted in the Porto and Braga districts, Portugal, with children and adolescents aged 10–16 years of age. A total of 392 children (173 boys, 219 girls) participated in the study. We used a chi-square test to analyse the relationship between the participants' cardiorespiratory fitness and body weight (non-overweight or overweight/obese). For the purpose of this study, a new variable with four groups was created: non-overweight +unfit (37.4%), non-overweight + fit (35%), overweight/obese + unfit (11%) and overweight/obese + fit (10%). A one-way analysis of variance was used to compare the differences according to fitness and fatness groups. The main finding of this study was that regardless of fatness, participants with higher cardiorespiratory fitness presented with a lower prevalence of CVD risk factors. 相似文献
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目的：利用Meta分析的方法比较高强度间歇训练（High-Intensity Interval Training，HⅡT）与中强度持续训练（Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training，MICT）对中国超重或肥胖人群干预作用的有效性。方法：在中英文电子数据库中检索2017年12月之前所有相关的临床随机对照研究文献，并对参考文献进行相关文献的补充检索，利用Review Manager 5.3软件合并效应量。结果：研究共纳入13篇研究，HⅡT组和MICT组分别纳入214例和208例成年超重或肥胖患者。结果显示：HⅡT降低超重或肥胖患者体脂百分数[WMD=-1.23（95%CI=-2.31，-0.15），I2=68%]及提高最大摄氧量（VO2max）[WMD=1.02（95%CI=0.14，1.90），I2=0%]的能力优于MICT；而HⅡT和MICT对体重、BMI（Body mass index）、瘦体重（LBM，Lean Body Mass）、腰围、臀围及腰臀比（Waist-to-Hip Ratio，WHR）的改变无显著差异。结论：平均10.5周（3次/周以上）的最大摄氧量（VO2max）为85％~95％的高强度间歇训练（HⅡT）处方治疗降低中国超重或肥胖患者体脂量的能力优于中强度持续训练（MICT），但对其他体测指标方面两种运动没有差异。 相似文献
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André Seabra Peter Katzmarzyk Maria José Carvalho Ana Seabra Manuel Coelho-E-Silva Sandra Abreu 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(19):1822-1829
Physical activity is important in obesity prevention, but the effectiveness of different physical activity modalities remains to be determined among children. The main purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a 6-month soccer programme and a traditional physical activity programme on changes in body composition, cardiometabolic risk factors, inflammatory and oxidative markers, cardiorespiratory fitness and perceived psychological status in obese boys. Eighty-eight boys (8–12 years; BMI > +2 standard deviations of WHO reference values) participated in one of three groups: soccer, traditional activity and control. Soccer and traditional activity programmes involved 3 sessions per week for 60–90 min at an average intensity of 70–80% of maximal heart rate. Control group participated in activities of normal daily living. All boys participated in school physical education, two sessions per week of 45–90-min. Measurements were taken at baseline and after 6 months, and included body size and composition, cardiometabolic risk factors, inflammatory and oxidative markers, cardiorespiratory fitness and perceived psychological status. Physical activity and dietary intake were assessed before and immediately following the intervention. The three groups had similar characteristics at baseline. After 6 months, both intervention groups had significantly lower relative fatness (% fat), waist circumference and total cholesterol, and higher cardiorespiratory fitness, self-esteem, perceived physical competence and attraction to physical activity compared with control group. In conclusion, physical activity interventions over 6 months positively influenced several indicators of health status among obese boys. The results also suggested that soccer has the potential as an effective tool for the prevention and reduction of childhood obesity and associated consequences. 相似文献
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目的：通过12周的渐进式功能性力量训练干预实验,对初中生与高中生在功能动作和身体素质影响进行对比研究。方法：对266名普通中学生进行了两组四时点的随机对照实验。采用数据分析软件SPSS 24.0比较实验差异。结果：（1）实验组与对照组组间差异显示,实验干预对功能动作质量与身体素质具有显著促进作用,且显著降低了初、高中生多项运动损伤敏感指标;（2）组内差异显示,初中组比高中组总分提升较快、效果较好;初中组的各单项提升相对均衡,高中组则出现肩部灵活性与躯干稳定性改善的局限性;两组在身体素质基础水平与促进程度上有显著差异。结论：功能性力量训练是提高初、高中生功能动作质量并提高身体素质的有效方法,在实施训练时应注意把握其不同特征。 相似文献
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Ignacio Merino-De Haro Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez Pere A. Borras Pedro J. Benito Oscar Chiva-Bartoll 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(12):1327-1337
This study aimed to analyse the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and fatness and fitness in preschoolers. 2,638 preschoolers (3–5 years old; 47.2% girls) participated. SES was estimated from the parental educational and occupational levels, and the marital status. Fatness was assessed by body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Physical fitness components were assessed using the PREFIT battery. Preschoolers whose parents had higher educational levels had lower fatness (P < 0.05). BMI significantly differed across occupational levels of each parent (P < 0.05) and WHtR across paternal levels (P = 0.004). Musculoskeletal fitness was different across any SES factor (P < 0.05), except handgrip across paternal occupational levels (P ≥ 0.05). Preschoolers with high paternal occupation had higher speed/agility (P = 0.005), and those with high or low maternal education had higher VO2max (P = 0.046). Odds of being obese and having low musculoskeletal fitness was lower as SES was higher (P < 0.05). Those with married parents had higher cardiorespiratory fitness than single-parent ones (P = 0.010). School-based interventions should be aware of that children with low SES are at a higher risk of obesity and low fitness already in the first years of life. 相似文献
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This study examined differences in children’s body mass index (BMI) and body fatness (BF%) as a function of gender and fundamental movement skill (FMS) proficiency. Following ethics approval and parental consent, 248, 6–11 year-old children (112 boys, 136 girls) underwent assessment of 7 FMS: sprint run, side gallop, hop, kick, catch, throw and vertical jump. FMS tertiles (“high”, “medium” or “low” FMS) were created based on the summed components of the FMS. Skinfold measures were used to calculate BF%. Physical activity (PA) was assessed using pedometry and maturation predicted using anthropometry. Data were analysed using a 2 (Gender) × 3 (FMS tertile) ways analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), controlling for age, maturation and PA. Age (P = .001) and maturation (P = .006) were associated with BMI. Girls classified as high FMS proficiency had significantly lower BMI compared to girls with low and medium FMS proficiency. Age (P = .0001) and maturation (P = .007) were associated with BF%. BF% was also higher for girls with low FMS compared to those with medium and high FMS. BF% and BMI were not different across FMS tertile in boys. Such findings suggest focusing on FMS may be especially important for healthy weight, particularly in girls. 相似文献
10.
Lisa M. Barnett Rohan M. Telford Claudia Strugnell James Rudd Lisa S. Olive Richard D. Telford 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(5):492-499
Children’s fundamental movement skill levels (FMS) predict moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Asian children have been reported as less active than English-Europeans, possibly due to poorer skills. This study compared the FMS of children from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) backgrounds and examined FMS correlates. A total of 261 children (122 males) aged 9-to-11 years were divided based on language spoken at home: English-European (n = 105) and Asian (n = 156). Height, mass, FMS (Test of Gross Motor Development-2), MVPA (accelerometer) and cardio-respiratory fitness (20m multistage shuttle run) were directly measured. Sex, age, language and perceived sport competence (CY-PSPP) were self-reported. Independent sample t-tests assessed age, BMI, FMS and perception by CALD group. Linear mixed models examined FMS correlates. Asian-speaking children had lower object control skill (35.5 v 37.2; CI [0.17, 3.18]; p < 0.03) compared to English-European- children, but no between-group differences in locomotor skills were observed. Fitness, physical activity and sport competence perception were positively associated with object control, yet adjusting for these variables (and age and BMI) did not remove the CALD effect (B = ?2.02, SE = 0.69, p = 0.004). Cultural factors may affect object control competence in Asian-Australian children. 相似文献
11.
Arianna Ceschia Stefano Giacomini Simone Santarossa Miriam Rugo Desy Salvadego Alessandro Da Ponte 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(2):271-278
The prevalence of obesity in children has increased dramatically during the past decades in Europe and understanding physical fitness and its components in children is critical to design and implement effective interventions. The objective of the present study was to analyse the association between physical fitness (aerobic, speed, agility, power, flexibility and balance) and body mass index (BMI) in pre-pubertal children. A total of 2411 healthy schoolchildren (7–11 years) participated in this study. Anthropometric characteristics and body composition were assessed by skinfold thickness. Physical fitness was measured by nine physical fitness tests: endurance running, 20 m running speed, agility, handgrip strength, standing long jump and squat jump, sit and reach, medicine ball forward throw and static balance. No relevant differences were observed between boys and girls regarding anthropometric characteristics, body composition and physical fitness. However, overweight and obese children showed significantly lower physical fitness levels in endurance running, speed and agility (mean: +18.8, +5.5 and +14.5% of time to complete tasks, respectively), lower limb power normalised to body mass (?23.3%) and balance tests (number of falls: +165.5%) than their normal weight counterparts. On the other hand, obesity did not affect handgrip, throwing and flexibility. In conclusion, increased BMI was associated with lower performance capabilities limiting proper motor skill development, which directly affects the ability of children to take on sports skills. Actions undertaken to promote children's wellness and fitness should be prioritised and introduced early in life with the aim of enhancing physical fitness as well as preventing overweight and obesity. 相似文献
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目的：描述上海市20～59岁成年人体脂率（BF%）、身体质量指数（BMI）、腰围（WC）等形态指标人群分布特征,探讨BF%、BMI、WC的异同点。方法：基于2020年第五次国民体质监测上海市20～59岁成年人数据库,纳入26 826名研究对象,分析不同性别、年龄组成年人BF%、BMI、WC特征以及相关人群分布。结论：上海市成年男性WC随年龄增长而增大,成年女性BF%和WC随年龄的增长而增长。以BF%、BMI、WC 3个指标评判上海市20～59岁成年人超重与肥胖情况时存在着一定的差异。上海市成年男性以WC为标准检出肥胖率最高,以BF%为标准检出超正常标准率最高;上海市成年女性以BF%为标准检出超正常标准率及肥胖率最高。BMI与BF%相结合,或与WC相结合,可以反映身体脂肪含量及比例,以及脂肪分布。 相似文献
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目的：对国家艺术体操队22名运动员进行功能动作筛查并分析,了解该项目运动员的功能动作特征,并针对存在问题的功能动作提出纠正性训练方法,以期达到改善功能动作质量、减少损伤发生、提高专项训练水平的目的。方法：文献资料法、实验法、数理统计法、逻辑分析法。结果：（1）队员的FMS得分为13.0±2.5分,存在较大的损伤风险;（2）主动直膝抬腿、肩部灵活性、躯干稳定俯卧撑得分与其他动作相比具有显著性差异;（3）共有23人次在测试中存在疼痛,7人次存在不对称现象。结论：国家艺术体操运动员：（1）髋、肩关节灵活性较好而踝关节则较差,部分运动员腰椎灵活性过度而胸椎灵活性受限;（2）髋关节、肩胛区及核心区稳定性较差;（3）小腿三头肌柔韧性差,踝关节和髋关节外展、内收肌力失衡,部分运动员下肢不对称。纠正性训练应首先根据排序原则进行排序,其次从灵活性、稳定性、功能性力量、动作模式重建这4个方面开展针对性的训练。最后,8周的纠正性训练显著地提高了FMS得分,功能动作质量得到改善。 相似文献
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功能动作测试（FMS）是国际职业竞技体育中广泛应用理疗康复和体能训练领域的一种测试方法,由著名的功能动作训练所衍生出来。FMS测试是一个等级排名评价检测标准,它可以证明动作模式是人体基本功能的关键。FMS测试可以评测人体的非对称和局限性,尽可能的减少不必要的测试和数据分析。本文通过对国内外FMS测试研究现状分析,并与传统体能测试方法进行比较,以使广大体育实践研究者对FMS测试有一个更为客观的了解. 相似文献
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运动减肥对重度肥胖女儿童青少年腰围、臀围以及腰臀比的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
测定了参加＂2009年上海巅峰暑期减肥运动营＂23名重度肥胖女性儿童青少年运动减肥前后身体形态指标,经过4周运动减肥后,体脂百分比、体重指数（BMI）、脂肪体重、腰围、臀围都有不同程度的下降。体脂百分比下降幅度明显大于BMI,腰围/身高比的下降幅度明显大于臀围/身高比。与BMI比较,体脂百分比是评价肥胖程度和运动减肥效果的理想指标。 相似文献
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通过对福建省20~59岁成年人2005年与2010年体质监测数据分析,研究BMI分布规律及不同BMI人群体质水平的差异,探讨BMI对成年人体质的影响。结果显示:1.BMI与年龄呈正相关,随着年龄的增加BMI增大。2.体重过轻主要出现在30岁以前,以女性为主。30岁以后出现体重的快速增长,超重与肥胖率快速增长。3.体重过轻或肥胖人群综合水平较差,超重对综合体质的影响较弱,体重正常人群综合体质最佳4.体重过轻及超重、肥胖对体质的不利影响是全面的,包括身体形态、身体机能与身体素质。 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(2):73-75
Abstract Recent data indicate that levels of overweight and obesity are increasing at an alarming rate throughout the world. At a population level (and commonly to assess individual health risk), the prevalence of overweight and obesity is calculated using cut-offs of the Body Mass Index (BMI) derived from height and weight. Similarly, the BMI is also used to classify individuals and to provide a notional indication of potential health risk. It is likely that epidemiologic surveys that are reliant on BMI as a measure of adiposity will overestimate the number of individuals in the overweight (and slightly obese) categories. This tendency to misclassify individuals may be more pronounced in athletic populations or groups in which the proportion of more active individuals is higher. This differential is most pronounced in sports where it is advantageous to have a high BMI (but not necessarily high fatness). To illustrate this point we calculated the BMIs of international professional rugby players from the four teams involved in the semi-finals of the 2003 Rugby Union World Cup. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO) cut-offs for BMI, approximately 65% of the players were classified as overweight and approximately 25% as obese. These findings demonstrate that a high BMI is commonplace (and a potentially desirable attribute for sport performance) in professional rugby players. An unanswered question is what proportion of the wider population, classified as overweight (or obese) according to the BMI, is misclassified according to both fatness and health risk? It is evident that being overweight should not be an obstacle to a physically active lifestyle. Similarly, a reliance on BMI alone may misclassify a number of individuals who might otherwise have been automatically considered fat and/or unfit. 相似文献
19.
Participation in youth sport is assumed to promote and contribute towards more physically active lifestyles among children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to examine inter-participant variability in objectively measured habitual physical activity (PA) behaviours and sedentary time among youth sport participants and their implications for health. One-hundred-and-eighteen male youth sport footballers (Mean ± s = 11.72 ± 1.60) wore a GT3X accelerometer for 7 days. Average daily PA [min · day?1, in light (LPA), moderate (MPA), vigorous (VPA) and combined moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA)] and sedentary time were calculated. Participants’ body mass index adjusted for age and sex (BMI–standard deviation score), per cent body fat (BF%), waist circumference and cardiorespiratory fitness were assessed. Results revealed that variability in daily PA behaviours and sedentary time (min · day?1) was associated with BMI–standard deviation score [VPA (?), MVPA (?)], BF% [sedentary time (+), VPA (?), MVPA (?)], waist circumference [sedentary time (+), LPA (?)] and cardiorespiratory fitness [sedentary time (?), MPA (+), VPA (+), MVPA (+)]. Whilst sedentary time and MVPA were not related to health outcomes independent of one another, associations with markers of adiposity and cardiorespiratory fitness were stronger for sedentary time. Sedentary time was also significantly positively related to waist circumference independent of VPA. Results demonstrate inter-participant variability in habitual PA and sedentary time among youth sport participants which holds implications for their health. Thus, promoting PA and, in particular, reducing sedentary time may contribute towards the prevention of adverse health consequences associated with a physically inactive lifestyle for children and adolescents active in the youth sport context. 相似文献
20.
Linda A. Bolger Lisa E. Bolger Cian O’Neill Edward Coughlan Seán Lacey Wesley O’Brien 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2019,90(1):24-35
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between fundamental movement skills (FMS) and markers of health among a cohort of Irish primary school children. Methods: Participants (N = 296, mean age: 7.99 ± 2.02 years) were senior infant (n = 149, mean age: 6.02 ± 0.39 years) and 4th class (n = 147, mean age: 9.97 ± 0.40 years) students from three primary schools in Cork, Ireland. FMS proficiency (TGMD-2) and markers of health (BMI percentile, waist circumference percentile, blood pressure percentiles, resting heart rate, cardiorespiratory fitness, objectively measured physical activity; PA) measurements were recorded. Correlation and hierarchical stepwise multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to investigate the relationship between FMS and markers of health. Results: A small, positive relationship was found between FMS (Gross Motor Quotient; GMQ) and cardiorespiratory fitness with small negative correlations between GMQ and 550 m time SDS among 6-year-olds (r(129) = ?.286, p < .05) and 10-year-olds (r(132) = ?.340, p < .05). A moderate, positive correlation was found between GMQ and light PA (r(71) = .400, p < .05). Small positive correlations were revealed between GMQ and moderate PA (r(71) = .259, p < .05) and between GMQ and total PA (r(71) = .355, p < .05). After adjusting for age, sex, the interaction effect of age and sex, and school attended, FMS explained 15.9% and 24.8% of the variance in 550 m time SDS among 6- and 10-year-olds, respectively, and 6% and 6.5% of the variance in light PA and moderate PA, respectively. After adjusting for age and sex, FMS explained 11.6% of the variance in total PA. Conclusion: A wide range of FMS is important for children’s cardiorespiratory fitness and PA. 相似文献