共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate a new procedure of data processing from a body-mounted accelerometer to improve the assessment of vertical jump height. As the main difficulty when using an accelerometer is to detect the times of take-off and of landing, a new criterion was proposed to detect these times more accurately. Thirty physical education students participated in this study. They performed three squat jumps, three countermovement jumps with hands placed on the pelvis and three countermovement jumps with free arms ( \(n = 270\) jumps). Flight time, vertical jump height and vertical velocity at take-off were collected from the accelerometer (the Myotest device and its specific software), the modified accelerometer (raw data of the Myotest and a specific treatment for the detection take-off and landing times) and a force platform, considered as the reference device. Concerning the flight time, systematic bias decreased from \(0.034 \pm 0.079\) s with the original accelerometer to \(-0.008 \pm 0.078\) s with the modified accelerometer. Regarding the vertical jump height, systematic bias decreased from \(4.8 \pm 9.4\) cm with the original accelerometer to \(-1.3 \pm 9.2\) cm with the modified accelerometer. Finally, the vertical velocity systematic bias was \(-0.12 \pm 0.28\) and \(-0.19 \pm 0.29\) m s \(^{-1}\) with the original accelerometer and the modified accelerometer, respectively. This study showed that the improvement proposed for the body-mounted accelerometer decreased the systematic bias, especially for the vertical jump height assessment, but not the random error. 相似文献
2.
Michael J. Mazzoleni Claudio L. Battaglini Kerry J. Martin Erin M. Coffman Jordan A. Ekaidat William A. Wood Brian P. Mann 《Sports Engineering》2018,21(1):31-41
This study examines the viability of utilizing a dynamical system model and heuristic parameter estimation algorithm to make predictions for maximum heart rate (\(\mathrm {HR_{max}}\)) and maximal oxygen uptake (\(\dot{\mathrm {V}}{\mathrm {O_{2max}}}\)) using data collected from a submaximal testing protocol. \(\dot{\mathrm {V}}{\mathrm {O_{2max}}}\) is widely considered to be the best single measurement of overall fitness in humans. When a \(\dot{\mathrm {V}}{\mathrm {O_{2max}}}\) assessment is not available, \(\mathrm {HR_{max}}\) is often used to prescribe exercise intensities for training and rehabilitation. In the absence of maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), \(\mathrm {HR_{max}}\) and \(\dot{\mathrm {V}}{\mathrm {O_{2max}}}\) are typically estimated using traditional submaximal prediction methods with well-known limitations and inaccuracies. For this study, 12 regularly exercising healthy young adult males performed a bout of maximal CPET on a cycle ergometer to determine their true \(\mathrm {HR_{max}}\) and \(\dot{\mathrm {V}}{\mathrm {O_{2max}}}\). Participants also performed a submaximal bout of exercise at varied intensities. A dynamical system model and heuristic parameter estimation algorithm were applied to the submaximal data to estimate the participants’ \(\mathrm {HR_{max}}\) and \(\dot{\mathrm {V}}{\mathrm {O_{2max}}}\). The submaximal predictions were evaluated by computing the coefficient of determination \({R^2}\) and the standard error of the estimate (SEE) through comparisons with the true maximal values for \(\mathrm {HR_{max}}\) (\({R^2 = 0.96}\), SEE = 2.4 bpm) and \(\dot{\mathrm {V}}{\mathrm {O_{2max}}}\) (\({R^2 = 0.93}\), SEE = 2.1 mL kg\(^{-1}\) min\(^{-1}\)). The results from this study suggest that a dynamical system model and heuristic parameter estimation algorithm can provide accurate predictions for \(\mathrm {HR_{max}}\) and \(\dot{\mathrm {V}}{\mathrm {O_{2max}}}\) using data collected from a submaximal testing protocol. 相似文献
3.
Based on the studies of Mauss (1935) and Bourdieu (1980) on the determination of body techniques by culture and social background, this study seeks to describe the rules, dispositions and habits specific to different forms of athletic running. It is based on a sample of 732 athletes, all of them are the members of French athletics clubs, comprising 220 sprinters, 213 half-distance runners and 299 long-distance runners. Sports practices are different depending on sub-culture affiliation, sociological characteristics and forms of commitment. This being said, simple links between variables should not be transformed into causal connections. Before drawing such conclusions, it is important to identify the nature of the sport studied. This shows that middle-distance and long-distance enthusiasts, traditionally classified in the same family, have less, in common, than those practising sprint and middle distance. These results potentially question the methodological groups and sociological interpretations made by researchers and sports science. 相似文献
4.
The Isles of Wonder, the 2012 London Olympic Games Opening Ceremony, was viewed by a record global audience either live or through a range of electronic, social, and print media. British newspaper discourses provided reflection of the mega-sporting event as a ‘second-order’ construction, which gave readers an opportunity to reflexively decide what Britishness had come to represent. Theoretical insights about British identity were drawn from Anderson’s (1983) concept of the nation as an ‘imagined community’, Tajfel and Turner’s (1986) social identity theory, and Edmunds and Turner’s (2001) juxtaposition of benign and malign nationalism. Our qualitative textual analysis revealed that although at times complex, contested, and contradictory, the narratives generally linked the internationalism of the Olympics with a progressive, benign version of Britishness that was still ‘great’. Underpinned by the aspirational New Jerusalem theme, the narratives generally acclaimed the Isles of Wonder as Britain’s first gold medal of the Games. 相似文献
5.
The winner’s curse is a well-known phenomenon in the auction theory. The main aim of this article is to verify its existence in football broadcasting rights. The underlying objective is to assess whether some indices of this situation are verified and can cause a winner’s curse. The methodology is based on the application of Andreff (2014)’s six indices and a seventh index (disappointment) to the domestic markets for broadcasting rights of the French and English football leagues. These two markets have seen an increase in the number of packages offered to broadcasters, with the possibility of several ‘winners’. The article shows that the winner of the major packages in the auction is not cursed. The curse is more likely to happen for the second mover. As such, the article suggests a practical recommendation for broadcasters interested in football rights: win the best package or keep away. 相似文献
6.
AbstractAbstracts of European College of Sports Science conferences (1995–2014) are studied. The number of abstracts has been increasing regularly (+90 per year). This rise is in recent years largely due to extra-European countries. The magnitude and accumulation of the different topics of discussion are examined. An operational criterion determines four stages of evolution of a topic: social network, cluster, specialty, and discipline. The scientific production can, therefore, be classified as disciplinary or non-disciplinary. The disciplinary part is more important but has been less dynamic recently. The cognitive content of sport science is then explored through a multidimensional scaling of the topics based on the keywords used in the abstracts. Three areas are visible: social sciences and humanities, sports medicine and physiology, and biomechanics and neurophysiology. According to the field theory of Bourdieu (1975), three scientific habitus are distinguished. The logic of academic disciplinary excellence is the consequence of the autonomy of this scientific field, its closure, peer-review process, and barriers to entry. The distribution of scientific capital and professional capital is unequal across the three areas. Basically, conservation strategies of academic disciplinary excellence are predicted in biomechanics and neurophysiology, subversion strategies of interdisciplinarity based on professional concerns can appear in the sports medicine and physiology area, and critical strategies of interdisciplinarity based on social utility in social sciences and humanities. Moreover, additional tensions within these areas are depicted. Lastly methods based on co-citations of disciplines and boundary objects are proposed to find tangible patterns of multidisciplinarity confirming these strategies. 相似文献
7.
Olivier Vors Amélina Girard Nathalie Gal-Petitfaux Benoît Lenzen Nicolas Mascret Alain Mouchet 《Physical Education & Sport Pedagogy》2020,25(4):331-345
ABSTRACTIntroduction: Since the 1990s, the notion of intervention has expanded with growing interest in the analysis of practices in Francophone country. French-speaking research community considers intervention sciences as a specific field of research in sport and PE. The aim of this literature review was to characterize the penetration of Francophone research in the English-language literature in physical education and sport concerned with intervention since 2010 in the category ‘Education & Educational Research’ of the Journal Citation Reports (2017). This research was in line with the analysis of the papers presented during six Francophone congresses from 2000 to 2010 of the Association for Research on Intervention in Sport (Musard and Poggi 2015).Methods: The selection of articles was carried out in three stages: selection of journals, selection of articles manually, the second level of selection. The selection of journals is do in this category "Education & Educational Research" (JCR, 2017) focusing primarily on sport and physical education. Six journals met these criteria: Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, European Physical Education Review, Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, Sport Education and society, Quest, Journal of Hospitality Leisure Sport & Tourism Education. Then, the selection of articles was manually analyzing all the publications of each journal since 2010 (almost 2000 articles) according to inclusion criteria "sport or physical education", "francophone authors", and "intervention". Each 46 articles selected was classified according to its theoretical framework. The last stage of selection corresponded to an analyze and an extension of the literature review by a French-speaking specialist in each theoretical framework.Results: The results show that French-language research on/in/for intervention is in close connection with the international tradition. Some approaches such as didactique, a technological approach, and course of action, have a Francophone specificity based on various international theoretical anchors; others such as motor learning, social psychology, ecological approach come from non-French-speaking international theoretical frameworks.Discussion and conclusion: These findings raise the question of the Francophone specificity of intervention sciences. Beyond particular French-speaking theoretical frameworks, concepts and concerns join Anglophone traditions. As in the international fields of ‘sport pedagogy’ or ‘praxis’, the Francophone intervention sciences are composed of a diversity of theoretical approaches and are focused towards an epistemology of action. These two communities can enrich each other and deserve more interaction and exchange. 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Jo Halpin 《Sport in History》2017,37(2):146-163
ABSTRACTThe Lancashire and Cheshire Ladies Hockey League (LHL) was formed in 1910, ‘by way of dissenting from the policy of the All England Women’s Hockey Association [AEWHA]’, which disapproved of playing for championships or trophies.2 Similar league competitions – set up and largely run by men – quickly followed in cities and towns across the North and Midlands, providing women with regular Saturday afternoon fixtures, as well as knockout cup games. After failing to find satisfactory accommodation within the AEWHA, several leagues broke away to form an alternative governing body, the English Ladies Hockey Leagues Association (ELHLA), which remained in existence until 1960. As well as organising inter-league games and cup competitions, the ELHLA selected England representative teams. With a focus on class and gender, this article – for the first time – will examine the AEWHA’s evolving attitude towards leagues from 1910 to the start of the Second World War, and the types of teams that populated these early competitions. It will also explore the conditions that gave rise to the ELHLA and the impact this organisation had on the authority of the AEWHA before 1939. 相似文献
15.
16.
17.
Gökçe Erturan İlker Yunus Arslan Gıyasettin Demirhan 《Measurement in physical education and exercise science》2013,17(4):301-313
The Trichotomous Achievement Goal Scale was developed by Agbuga and Xiang (2008) by including selected items from the scales of Duda and Nicholls (1992), Elliot (1999), and Elliot and Church (1997) and adapting them into Turkish. The scale consists of 18 items, and students rated each item on a 7-point Likert scale. To ascertain the validity and reliability of the Trichotomous Achievement Goal Scale, it was administered to 845 female and 861 male Turkish high school students attending three public schools in the 2008–2009 spring semester. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted, and Cronbach's alpha and Fornell and Larcker's (1981) criteria were tested on the items that measured the students' achievements, screening for the three distinct types of achievement goals proposed by the trichotomous framework. Based on the results of the study, the 16-item Trichotomous Achievement Goal Scale can be claimed as a valid a reliable scale. 相似文献
18.
Geneviève A Mageau & Robert J Vallerand 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(11):883-904
The aim of this paper is to present a motivational model of the coach–athlete relationship that describes how coaches may influence athletes' motivation. In line with cognitive evaluation theory (Deci and Ryan, 1980, 1985) and the hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation (Vallerand, 1997, 2000), a motivational sequence is proposed where coaches' personal orientation towards coaching, the context within which they operate, and their perceptions of their athletes' behaviour and motivation influence coaches' behaviours. Also, coaches' behaviours in the form of autonomy-supportive behaviours, provision of structure and involvement have a beneficial impact on athletes' needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness, which, in turn, nurture athletes' intrinsic motivation and self-determined types of extrinsic motivation. Here, we first review coaches' autonomy-supportive behaviours. We then describe the psychological processes through which coaching behaviours have a positive influence on athletes' intrinsic and self-determined extrinsic motivation. Finally, we identify social and personality processes that determine coaching behaviours. 相似文献
19.
Ka Yee Allison Wong 《Measurement in physical education and exercise science》2013,17(3):202-209
The purpose of this study was to examine the underlying structure of the second edition of the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (Ulrich, 2000) as applied to Chinese children. The Test of Gross Motor Development-2 was administered to 626 Hong Kong Chinese children. The outlier test with standard scoring was utilized. After data screening, a total of 614 cases (N = 614) were used for further analysis. The two-factor structure of the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 was tested using confirmatory factor analysis with maximum likelihood estimation to compute parameter estimates and to select the appropriate item for each factor. The goodness-of-fit indices supported that the model was tenable (goodness-of-fit index = .95, root mean square error of approximation = .06, standardized root mean square residual = .04, comparative-fit index = .97). The findings of this study suggested that the two-factor structure proposed by Ulrich (2000) fit the data of Hong Kong Chinese children. 相似文献
20.
Abstract A scale has recently been developed to measure moral disengagement in sport (Boardley & Kavussanu, 2007). It consists of 32 items that measure the eight mechanisms of moral disengagement proposed by Bandura (1991). In the present study, we aimed to: (a) examine whether a subset of these items could form a short version of the scale; (b) provide evidence for the construct validity of the short version; and (c) test its measurement invariance across sex and sport type. A total of 992 football, rugby, hockey, basketball, and netball players from three different samples completed the long version of the scale. Data analyses indicated that the short version of the scale consisted of eight items and had high internal consistency. Construct validity of the scale was evidenced via correlations with sport moral disengagement and prosocial and antisocial behaviour. Multisample confirmatory factor analyses established measurement invariance across sex and partial measurement invariance across four team sports. In conclusion, the short version of the scale is a reliable and valid measure of moral disengagement in sport. 相似文献