共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
广东省退役运动员职业技能培训体系研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
基于国家对职业技能培训的宏观性导向,国家体育总局对退役运动员的政策性扶持和引导,退役运动员就业难的社会背景下,结合广东省退役运动员的实际情况和当前我省劳动力市场的需求导向,采用问卷调查法、实地访谈法对广东省退役运动员职业技能培训现状进行了分析;依据体育行政官员、专家的意见和退役运动员的个人主观需求,提出广东省退役运动员职业技能培训内容,并在此基础上,构建了广东省退役运动员职业技能"三位一体"培训体系. 相似文献
2.
本文围绕着江苏省部分优秀游泳运动员早退役的问题,以江苏省部分退役优秀游泳运动员为对象,采用问卷调查等方法进行一定的探索。结果表明:早退役的原因主要在于运动员的不良心理。其中,"厌烦情绪"和"成绩难以提高"是运动员产生不良心理状态,最终导致早退役的主要因素。 相似文献
3.
竞技游戏运动已不再被认为是一项年轻选手的运动，而被视为一项具有高龄化趋势的运动项目。27届奥运会上许多高龄选手的出色表现令人深思，我国游泳选手普遍过早退役现象令人担忧。据日本《SWIMMING》杂志2001年3期资料分析，近年来，游泳运动趋于高龄化的原因主要有3点。第一，技术要求更高级化。要掌握完善的技术需要长时间的培养和训练;第二，比赛的复杂化和趣味更广泛化。国外大龄选手都愿意延长运动生涯，他们均对游泳训练和比赛感兴趣，有继续参加训练和比赛的热情、欲望及自我要求；第三，游泳训练环境得到完善和保障。其中高龄化趋势的主要原因在于运动员自身想再坚持练下去。本问卷调查显示，在被调查的退役选手中，过早退役的首要原因是不喜欢游泳、自己不愿意再练下去。过早退役选手的答卷结论与国外的大龄选手因为喜欢游泳才愿意延长运动寿命的反差现象令人担忧，从某种意义上讲，对游泳运动的兴趣是能否延长游泳运动员运动寿命的一个重要原因。因此，本拟就游泳兴趣的培养对延长游泳运动员运动寿命的重要性进行分析、阐述，以达到完善游泳训练理论及延长游泳运动员运动寿命的目的。 相似文献
4.
《体育科技文献通报》1997,(11)
G804.2 9704437对我国游泳足球田径专项退役运动员的心肺功能及血液动力学的研究[刊,中,A]/龚惠兰,罗兴华,胡敏//广州体育学院学报.-1997.-17(2).-20-23表3(DW)游泳//退役//心肺功能//足球//血液动力学对133名退役运动员进行心肺功能及血液动力流变学参数测定.结果表明,心肺功能各项参数依然是男性优于女性;训练对退役运动员心肺功能的影响还保持某些专项特点,但各项参数低于现役运动员及体院学生;退役运动员在40 相似文献
5.
采用文献资料、问卷调查、数理统计等研究方法,对影响游泳运动员退役后扶持现象的存在因素进行系统分析。研究发现：过分的早期专门化训练、运动寿命周期短,退役年龄偏低;运动员社会化现行程度不高等突出问题严重影响我国游泳运动员的生存与发展。 相似文献
6.
如何延长游泳运动员的运动寿命 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
近年来 ,我国竞技游泳水平与８０年代相比有了很大的提高。由于训练更加系统化、科学化 ,所以在短短几年时间里 ,我国游泳运动员不仅在各项成绩上有了突出的表现 ,而且在身体形态、机能以及各项身体素质等方面也都有了明显的提高。一些身材好、专项素质突出的选手层出不穷地涌现出来 ,使我国的游泳事业前景看好。然而不难发现 ,在优秀年轻选手不断涌现的同时 ,一些仍有发展前途的运动员却过早地退出了泳坛 ,其中还包括一些在国际重大比赛中获得过奖牌的优秀运动员。本文拟就游泳运动员过早退役的问题进行一些探讨。一、导致运动员过早退役的… 相似文献
7.
通过实地考察、专家咨询及小组讨论等多种方法,分析了广东省在训和退役运动员的基本情况以及运动员职业技能培训存在的问题,结果发现针对运动员开展职业教育十分重要.该课题提出广东省构建在训和退役运动员的职业培训体系应着重做好职业技能培训网络的建设,健全、完善职业技能培训管理机制和构建合理的职业技能培训内容体系三方面工作的建议. 相似文献
8.
从过程理论观点探索我国运动员的退役(Ⅱ)——社会支持与退役教育的构想 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
研究基于运动员退役的过程理论，运用文献综述、实地调查和综合分析等方法，对运动员退役安置的政策变化、退役的有关理论、社会支持，以及退役教育的可行性进行分析讨论。过去有关运动员的退役问题，政府主要是通过政策的倾斜来改善运动员的退役环境，很少从心理调节上去考虑。从社会心理学角度，调查分析运动员的退役心理状态，发现很多问题不容乐观，建议应关注运动员在退役过程中的心理问题，开展运动员退役心理干预教育，以改善运动员退役的心理环境。从退役过程理论的观点看，运动员的退役是一个阶段性发展的结果，心理过程在各个阶段中会直接影响到运动员对退役后的生活评价，引起情绪反应。为了减轻退役过程给运动员带来的负面影响，基于当前的运动员退役理论、社会支持和国外运动员退役教育，建议有关的研究应进一步探讨我国运动员退役服务的教育，开展对运动员退役的深层次问题的探索，为推进我国运动员的退役教育提供更多的理论依据。 相似文献
9.
从过程理论观点探索我国运动员的退役(Ⅰ)——退役意识、心理状态与应对策略的调查 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究基于运动员退役的过程理论，对我国运动员的退役意识、心理状态和应对策略进行定量分析。研究对789名运动员进行了调查，按照运动员年龄、训练年限和性别，对其生活中的心理状态和退役应对策略进行了分析。另外，对打算退役和不打算退役的运动员进行退役意识、心理状态和应对策略的分析。结果发现，运动员随着年龄的增加对自己的运动员角色认知下降，退役准备的认知会增加；产生退役的想法与生活的心理状态有关。对打算退役运动员的心理状态进行分析，发现运动员在自我评介、生活满意度和社会支持的认知方面，都表现出差于不打算退役的运动员，而且，生活焦虑和孤独感明显增加。研究还发现，女性运动员的心理状态较差，主要表现在生活焦虑方面。在应对退役的策略方面，运动员采用回避的应对方式多于积极的应对方式，尤其是女性运动员，采用回避的应对方式更为突出。基于以上这些发现，从社会心理学角度，讨论了我国运动员退役过程的心理问题。 相似文献
10.
退役运动员的心理障碍及对策黎君广西体育高等专科学校运动员的运动生命是有限的，一般运动员大多在二十多岁退役，有的项目，如体操运动员十八、十九岁就退役了。退役后的运动员何去何从呢？我们国家为运动员特别是优秀运动员的就业提供了优良的条件，然而，我们也必须看... 相似文献
11.
Much research has examined shoulder range of motion adaptations in overhead-unilateral athletes. Based on the void examining overhead-bilateral athletes, especially competitive swimmers, we examined shoulder external rotation, isolated internal rotation, composite internal rotation, and total arc of motion range of motion of competitive swimmers. The range of motion of registered competitive swimmers (n = 144, age = 12-61 years) was compared by limb (dominant, non-dominant), sex, and age group (youth, high school, college, masters). Significantly (P < 0.05) greater dominant external rotation was observed for both men and women high school and college swimmers, youth women swimmers, and men masters swimmers compared with the non-dominant limb. The isolated internal rotation (glenohumeral rotation), composite internal rotation (glenohumeral rotation plus scapulothoracic protraction), and total arc of motion (external rotation plus composite internal rotation) of the non-dominant limb was significantly greater than that of the dominant limb by sex and age group. Youth and high school swimmers demonstrated significantly greater composite internal rotation than college and masters swimmers. Youth swimmers displayed significantly greater total arc of motion than all other age groups. These data will aid in the interpretation of shoulder range of motion values in competitive swimmers during preseason screenings, injury evaluations and post-rehabilitation programmes, with the results suggesting that differences exist in bilateral external rotation, isolated internal rotation, composite internal rotation, and total arc of motion range of motion. 相似文献
12.
为准确了解现阶段我国优秀游泳运动员的身体形态特点,特对2006年我国国家游泳集训队125名队员的身体长度、宽度、围度、皮褶厚度等28个形态指标和肺活量、一维重心、骨骼年龄3个指标进行了测试。测试发现：2006年集训队队员的体型更趋于游泳项目所要求的水中减阻的流线型体征;但队员躯干围度指标的发展趋势不利于降低形态阻力,提醒应通过有针对性的训练加以改善。男队员身体长度及其复合指标整体上均好于2004年队员;2006年队员的上臂肌力与呼吸机能有所下降;一维重心与未成年队员骨龄的测量,能为早期重点培养运动员提供科学依据。 相似文献
13.
This study examines how national junior age group swimmers cope with poor performance and explores whether coping strategy use changes with perceptions of parental support. One hundred and four junior age group swimmers (mean age 14.2 years) completed a modified version of the COPE scale (Crocker & Issack, 1997) and the perceptions of Perceived Parental Support Scale (Van Yperen, 1995). Results showed that the swimmers in this sample used a mixture of behavioural and cognitive strategies with an emphasis upon individual or internally focused approaches. When analysing coping strategies and perceptions of parental support (high, medium and low), significant differences were found in the use of behavioural and cognitively orientated approaches. When perception of parental support was low, swimmers reported using less active and training-orientated mechanisms and a tendency to use strategies such as self-blame and venting of emotion. These findings suggest that the effectiveness and ability of coping strategies to adapt to differing situations may be contingent upon perceptions of perceived support for junior swimmers. This highlights an area for future research. 相似文献
14.
Christopher Papic Peter Sinclair Che Fornusek Ross Sanders 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2019,18(4):378-389
Task-specific auditory training can improve sensorimotor processing times of the auditory reaction time (RT). The majority of competitive swimmers do not conduct habitual start training with the electronic horn used to commence a race. We examined the effect of four week dive training interventions on RT and block time (BT) of 10 male adolescent swimmers (age 14.0 ± 1.4 years): dive training with auditory components (speaker and electronic horn) (n = 5) and dive training without auditory components (n = 5). Auditory stimulus dive training significantly reduced swimming start RT, compared with dive training without auditory components (p < 0.01), with a group mean RT reduction of 13 ± 9 ms. Four of the five swimmers that received auditory stimulus training showed medium to large effect size reductions in RT (d = 0.74; 1.32; 1.40; 1.81). No significant changes to swimmers’ BTs were evident in either dive training intervention. The adolescent swimmers’ results were compared against six male elite swimmers (age 19.8 ± 1.0 years). The elite swimmers had significantly shorter BTs (p < 0.05) but no significant difference in RTs. Auditory stimulus dive training should be explored further as a mechanism for improving swimming start performance in elite swimmers who have pre-established optimal BTs. 相似文献
15.
Senda Sammoud Alan Michael Nevill Yassine Negra Raja Bouguezzi Chaabene Helmi Younés Hachana 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(10):1162-1167
The purpose of this study was to estimate the optimal body size, limb-segment length, girth or breadth ratios for 100-m backstroke mean speed performance in young swimmers. Sixty-three young swimmers (boys [n = 30; age: 13.98 ± 0.58 years]; girls [n = 33; age: 13.02 ± 1.20 years]) participated in this study. To identify the optimal body size and body composition components associated with 100-m backstroke speed performance, we adopted a multiplicative allometric log-linear regression model, which was refined using backward elimination. The multiplicative allometric model exploring the association between 100-m backstroke mean speed performance and the different somatic measurements estimated that biological age, sitting height, leg length for the lower-limbs, and two girths (forearm and arm relaxed girth) are the key predictors. Stature and body mass did not contribute to the model, suggesting that the advantage of longer levers was limb-specific rather than a general whole-body advantage. In fact, it is only by adopting multiplicative allometric models that the abovementioned ratios could have been derived. These findings highlighted the importance of considering somatic characteristics of young backstroke swimmers and can help swimming coaches to classify their swimmers and enable them to suggest what might be the swimmers’ most appropriate stroke (talent identification). 相似文献
16.
Alan M. Nevill Yassine Negra Tony D. Myers Senda Sammoud Helmi Chaabene 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(7):787-794
ABSTRACTThis study identified key somatic and demographic characteristics that benefit all swimmers and, at the same time, identified further characteristics that benefit only specific swimming strokes. Three hundred sixty-three competitive-level swimmers (male [n = 202]; female [n = 161]) participated in the study. We adopted a multiplicative, allometric regression model to identify the key characteristics associated with 100 m swimming speeds (controlling for age). The model was refined using backward elimination. Characteristics that benefited some but not all strokes were identified by introducing stroke-by-predictor variable interactions. The regression analysis revealed 7 “common” characteristics that benefited all swimmers suggesting that all swimmers benefit from having less body fat, broad shoulders and hips, a greater arm span (but shorter lower arms) and greater forearm girths with smaller relaxed arm girths. The 4 stroke-specific characteristics reveal that backstroke swimmers benefit from longer backs, a finding that can be likened to boats with longer hulls also travel faster through the water. Other stroke-by-predictor variable interactions (taken together) identified that butterfly swimmers are characterized by greater muscularity in the lower legs. These results highlight the importance of considering somatic and demographic characteristics of young swimmers for talent identification purposes (i.e., to ensure that swimmers realize their most appropriate strokes). 相似文献
17.
随着体育全球化的推进,各种体育赛事层出不穷。游泳是奥运会的重要比赛项目,奖牌多,影响力大。新形势下,世界泳坛百花争艳,各国选手都极具竞争力,而我国游冰运动员的运动寿命短暂,平均年龄低于国外选手,忽视了许多大器晚成的优秀运动员。因此,本文通过介绍“运动寿命”的定义,分析我国优秀游泳运动员的培养现状,讨论造成优秀游泳运动员运动寿命短暂的因素,寻找延长优秀游泳运动员运动寿命的策略。 相似文献
18.
优秀游泳运动员年龄特征分析 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
通过对悉尼奥动会、日本福冈世界锦标赛及全国九运会游泳比赛前8名游泳运动员年龄特征的分析，重点追踪典型运动员首次创造最佳运动成绩的年龄，并结合1980年以来历届奥运会，世界游泳锦标赛冠军年龄，对游泳运动员年龄进行全面，客观的研究。 相似文献
19.
我国可测量项目优秀运动员退役的年龄特征及退役致因的研究 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9
通过文献资料法,调查访问法及数理统计法对293名已退役的可测量项目优秀运动员进行退役年龄特征分析及退役致因分析,结果得出:我国可测量项目优秀运动员退役年龄偏小,退役的平均年龄小于国外运动员破世界纪录时的年龄,而且退役年龄因项目和性别不同而不同,存在着心理年龄早于生物年龄现象。优秀运动员退役类型分为4类,其中3/4的运动员属不正常退投。导致运动员不正常退役的因素是多万面的,主要有成绩因素、管理因素、心理因素和伤病因素。 相似文献