共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
Nicola Green 《The Information Society》2002,18(4):281-292
The current explosion in mobile computing and telecommunications technologies holds the potential to transform "everyday" time and space, as well as changes to the rhythms of social institutions. Sociologists are only just beginning to explore what the notion of "mobility" might mean when mediated through computing and communications technologies, and so far, the sociological treatment has been largely theoretical. This article seeks instead to explore how a number of dimensions of time and space are being newly reconstructed through the use of mobile communications technologies in everyday life. The article draws on long-term ethnographic research entitled "The Socio-Technical Shaping of Mobile Multimedia Personal Communications," conducted at the University of Surrey. This research has involved ethnographic fieldwork conducted in a variety of locales and with a number of groups. This research is used here as a resource to explore how mobile communications technologies mediate time in relation to mobile spaces. First the paper offers a review and critique of some of the major sociological approaches to understanding time and space. This review entails a discussion of how social practices and institutions are maintained and/or transformed via mobile technologies. Ethnographic data is used to explore emerging mobile temporalities. Three interconnected domains in mobile time are proposed: rhythms of mobile use, rhythms of mobile use in everyday life, and rhythms of mobility and institutional change. The article argues that while these mobile temporalities are emerging, and offer new ways of acting in and perceiving time and space, the practical construction of mobile time in everyday life remains firmly connected to well-established time-based social practices, whether these be institutional (such as clock time, "work time") or subjective (such as "family time"). 相似文献
2.
机构学科前沿性评测能够为科技管理部门明确学科发展重点,制定学科发展规划和科技发展政策提供借鉴和参考。基于ESI Research Fronts中学科研究前沿的共被引关系,构建研究前沿的共被引矩阵,利用VOSviewer生成学科研究前沿的全局知识图谱,分别计算并可视化机构在各前沿领域中的前沿表现度和前沿关注度。最后,以中国农业大学为例进行实证分析。揭示了机构学科研究前沿的知识结构和研究布局,从研究领域的层次上更为精细地评测机构的学术影响力,为机构的学科发展规划和科技政策提供更有效的支持。 相似文献
3.
Kohler RE 《Isis; an international review devoted to the history of science and its cultural influences》2005,96(2):224-229
Many of the recent advances in the history of science have come from local microstudies, but with the unintended by-product of a typically "postmodern" fragmentation of knowledge. The question for us post-postmodernists is how to write a broader "general" history of science-a history for all of us specialists--without losing the advantages of case study. One way, this essay suggests, is to structure case studies around the activities or issues that are common to knowledge production generally: for example, issues of common practices, role and identity, credibility and trust, fairness in participation and reward, and translocal circulation. Such studies would be particular and local yet transcend the singularities of period, place, and discipline. They would facilitate productive contest over the general meaning of science in its diversely varied forms. 相似文献
4.
俄罗斯是目前世界上最大的转型国家之一,也是世界第二军事强国,更是中国最大的邻国,而同处在转型期的中俄两国国防科技体制又源于同样的苏联模式,因此对俄罗斯国防科技体制转型进行研究对我国国防科技体制改革很有实际借鉴意义。 相似文献
5.
俄罗斯能源地缘政治战略及中俄能源合作前景 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
罗斯石油天然气产量均居世界首位,能源出口已成为俄罗斯经济复兴和人民生活改善的主要源泉,也是俄罗斯作为重振大国地位、"复兴国家"的重要武器和工具。从近年来俄罗斯能源地缘战略走势来看,主要有以下特征:①从政治关系出发,调整对独联体国家的能源政策;②"重回欧洲"大国目标出发,以"能源杠杆"制衡欧盟;③从国家经济利益出发,与欧佩克国家竞争多于合作;④从油气出口多元化出发,调整能源出口结构,向亚太国家倾斜;⑤以能源合作调剂与美国的关系。能源领域的合作是中俄战略协作伙伴关系的重要组成部分,对中俄双方都很重要。为此中方应做到:①加强对俄罗斯能源政策和能源投资环境的综合考察和研究;②认真研究俄罗斯国情,充分认识处于经济体制转型时期的多民族大国的复杂性;③充分发挥中俄同为上海合作组织成员国和战略协作伙伴关系,推动能源经济合作;④严格按照国际法规和国际通行原则,规范中俄能源合作的行为。 相似文献
6.
Richard R. Nelson 《Research Policy》2008,37(1):1-11
In recent years “institutions” have again become a central focus of economists and other scholars studying the processes of economic growth, and the reasons why nations have differed so greatly in their achievements on this front. However, with few exceptions the exploration of the role of institutions has not been connected with a coherent analysis of the relationships between institutions and institutional change and technological advance. This paper proposes a way of analyzing these relationships. The concept of “social technologies” which support “physical technologies” plays a key role in the analysis. 相似文献
7.
[研究目的]情报共享是促进情报资源合理配置,提高其利用率的重要途径。特定领域的情报共享对于维护社会治安秩序和国家安全稳定都具有重要意义。但情报共享困境切实存在,研究情报共享困境的消解之道实有必要。[研究方法]从社会心理学的角度出发,使用社会困境理论作为分析研究框架,首先对情报共享困境的既有解释进行了类型化区分,继而引出社会困境理论及其在情报共享领域的适用可能性,情报共享社会困境的结构和基本类型。在此基础上,提出情报共享困境的消解之道。[研究结论]研究发现,情报共享是一种典型的社会困境,具有特定的构成元素与类型。其消解之道在于通过职业荣誉感和行业惩戒等激励措施引导情报共享;培育社交性文化和团结性文化降低情报共享的“社会不确定性”等。 相似文献
8.
"以开放促改革,以改革谋发展"是中国推进开放的一个重要依据,然而鲜有文献专门考察贸易通过制度渠道对经济增长的影响,本文以中国各城市为对象对这一问题进行了研究。本文首先构造城市出口制度密集度指标以衡量世界市场对城市的制度需求,接着本文利用多元回归模型和中介效应模型实证检验出口制度密集度对城市经济增长的影响及其机制。实证结果表明,城市对外贸易带来的外部制度需求会通过促使城市制度改进来促进城市经济增长,并且,本土公司的一般贸易在贸易通过制度渠道促进城市经济增长的过程中起着主要作用。 相似文献
9.
本文以2002-2012年全国私营企业调查数据为研究样本，通过构建混合截面数据模型，探讨了在制度演进过程中，创业者人力资本和社会网络的价值及其变化趋势问题。研究发现，随着制度的演进，人力资本对创业绩效的贡献率没有表现出明显的变化趋势，而社会网络的贡献率则表现出逐期递减的变化趋势；高人力资本和强社会网络投入显著地提升了创业绩效，并表现出一种“强者愈强，弱者愈弱”的马太效应；进一步，社会网络对创业绩效的贡献在处于竞争程度较高行业中的小规模企业中作用更大。本文的研究结论揭示了在制度演进过程中，创业企业成长中人力资本和社会网络的价值及其变化的意义，这对于拓展转型经济的创业理论和理解我国特定制度背景下的创业行为特征，有着重要的理论和现实意义。 相似文献
10.
开放获取运动在世界各个国家正轰轰烈烈地开展着,作为开放获取重要部分的机构知识库,承担着保存科研机构知识资产和知识开放共享的重要职责。本文对于国外及国内机构知识库的构建方式进行了调查研究,并结合研究结果及国内科研机构的实际情况,构建了机构知识库框架模型,并以中国科学技术信息研究所机构知识库为实例验证了该模型的有效性,并为科技资源共享与传播及国内机构知识库的发展起到推进的作用。 相似文献
11.
This article critically assesses the policy orientation, social impacts, and linkages of telecommunications in the United States within a government deregulated policy environment and an increasingly globalized economy. Deregulation has been driven by both ideological and technological demands, stemming from several political and economic transformations in the world economy, the collapse of state socialism in eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, and greater oligopolistic competition among transnational corporations. An expanded infrastructure of new digital information and communications technology (ICT) is the foundation of a worldwide political economic regime of accumulation. ICT increases command and control capabilities of large corporations, together with the mobility and liquidity of capital, making it essential to the restructuring of the world economy, the new international division of labor, and the creation of global "information city" networks. At the same time, government deregulation and rapid technological change are associated with a number of spatial, economic, and social dualisms. 相似文献
12.
I engage with the impact of disruptions on my work life, and consider the transformative potential that these disruptions offer. I focus on four parts of my life: as a researcher, teacher, administrator and editor. In each, I examine the nature of the disruption and the way I deal with it. I also consider how the present disruption may facilitate a transformation of current practices that lead to a better world at the individual and institutional levels. Rather than lamenting the inconvenience of a crisis, I prefer to celebrate the opportunity to do better. 相似文献
13.
事业单位预算会计制度改革与创新对策研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
预算会计作为事业单位预算管理的基础性工作,在加强事业单位科学管理中起到非常重要的作用。本文通过对预算会计现状分析和研究,针对现行事业单位的预算会计暴露出的一些缺陷和问题,提出在保持预算会计科学性前提下,结合会计行业通用准则和事业单位的职能,建立一套行之有效的预算会计核算制度体系,保障事业单位预算会计活动的有序进行,体现事业单位预算会计的职业性、专业性、公益性、社会性和非营利性。全面、稳妥地推进事业单位预算会计制度的改革和创新,加速事业单位预算会计的改革进程,逐步引入权责发生制,建立和完善具有中国特色的事业单位预算会计体系。 相似文献
14.
陕西高校哲学社会科学的研究与学科建设近年来有了长足的发展，但总体实力仍然不强，与自然科学相比有较大的差距，应通过观念创新、理论创新、制度创新和方法创新，不断推进陕西高校的哲学社会科学的发展。 相似文献
15.
16.
Shostak S 《Social studies of science》2005,35(3):367-403
This paper described the efforts of scientists at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) and their allies in the National Toxicology Program to molecularize toxicology by fostering the emergence of a new discipline: toxicogenomics. I demonstrate that the molecularization of toxicology at the NIEHS began in a process of 'co-construction'. However, the subsequent emergence of the discipline of toxicogenomics has required the deliberate development of communication across the myriad disciplines necessary to produce toxicogenomic knowledge; articulation of emergent forms, standards, and practices with extant ones; management of the tensions generated by grounding toxicogenomics in traditional toxicological standards and work practices even it transforms those standards and practices; and identification and stabilization of roles for toxicogenomic knowledge in markets and service sites, such as environmental health risk assessment and regulation. This paper describes the technological, institutional, and inter-sectoral strategies that scientists have pursued in order to meet these challenges. In so doing, this analysis offers a vista into both the means and meanings of molecularization. 相似文献
17.
全球重要农业文化遗产—中国浙江青田稻鱼共生系统项目实施框架 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
水稻是世界上最主要的农作物之一。长期以来,亚洲许多地方一直有在稻田中养鱼（并作或连作）的传统。据历史记录和考古研究成果,中国稻田养鱼的历史可以追溯到2000多年以前。稻鱼共生系统不仅是一种独特的生产方式,而且还是一种具有丰富内涵的传统文化。稻鱼共生系统可以提供多种产品和服务功能：保障粮食安全,提高营养水平,增加农民收入,防止疟疾传染,生物多样性保护,病虫害控制,促进授粉过程,促进碳氮循环,水土保持,以及文化传承和休憩等。但是,正像其他许多传统农业技术一样,由于受到快速经济增长、城市化和现代农业技术的影响,稻鱼共生系统也面临着严峻威胁。中国是联合国首批农业文化遗产保护试点国家之一,浙江省青田县龙现村的传统稻鱼共生系统被列为首批试点之一,其目的就是开发出一种农业文化遗产“动态保护和适应性管理”的方法论并进行推广。 本文是按照粮农组织要求所编制的项目实施的国家框架,在全面分析中国,特别是青田稻鱼共生系统发展历史和基本特征的基础上,确定了项目实施的总体目标和具体目标。根据项目的总体要求和稻鱼共生系统在我国的发展前景,预期的主要成果包括：建立国家农业文化遗产认定标准体系,确定国家农业文化遗产名录,并作为推荐为全球重要农业文化遗产的基础;促进将全球重要农业文化遗产中具有重要意义的农业生物多样性的保护和适应性管理纳入国家有关部门的保护和发展规划与政策中;通过对社区广泛参与,促进试点地方的具有全球意义的农业生物多样性得到可持续的利用与保护,并通过采取适当的技术和政策手段促进传统农业系统生态过程与文化过程的发展;将试点所得到的经验向更大范围进行推广,建立国家农业文化遗产保护网络,促进全球农业文化遗产网络的建立。此外,还介绍了为达到这些目标所应采取的措施和开展的具体活动,提出了促进机制建设、资金支持、社会发展、生态保护的可持续性途径,给出了促进项目实施的具体执行框架和各利益相关方的责任与义务。 相似文献
18.
In this opinion paper, I argue that the Covid-19 pandemic, as tragic and disastrous as it undoubtedly is, has also given us a rare opportunity to deeply examine the research and practice of information management in particular and information systems in general. To cope with the pandemic, we have retreated to the digital world and drastically changed the way we work. Yet these very practices can well shape the way we work in the post-pandemic world. Moreover, the pandemic is also a sharp lens through which we can study deep-rooted theoretical issues that otherwise would not have surfaced, or at least remained in the background. My call to the research community is to seize this rare opportunity. 相似文献
19.
A Trajectory for Community Networks 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We argue that the World Wide Web, network communities, and computer-supported cooperative work have transformed the context for community networks, occasioning a reconstruction of the concept. We analyze features of proximate communities and use these as a basis for examining the design rationale for current implementations of community networks. In particular, we highlight multiple roles and relationships, social and material reciprocity, personal and institutional visibility and accountability, personal and collective efficacy, community-based institutions, and place. We use the analysis to identify directions for further study and development of community networking. 相似文献
20.
Wintroub M 《Isis; an international review devoted to the history of science and its cultural influences》2010,101(4):779-793
Beginning with the meaning and use of the word "performance," this essay analyzes some of the ambiguities and tensions performance has historically engendered. These tensions were both social and epistemic and can be sketched out with relation to either the corrupting influences of performance as dissimulation and masquerade or its didactic possibilities as exemplary of morality, virtue, and truth. Following these tensions across the history of antitheatrical literature into early modern natural philosophy, the essay attempts to show some of the ways that natural philosophy was used to perform--regulate, discipline, and direct--its audience(s), while simultaneously being itself performed-through interlocking practices enacted by sites, objects, and humans--as demonstrative of the legitimacy of its social and epistemic authority. 相似文献