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1.
以聚氨酯泡沫为试样,建立了多孔介质水平燃料床阴燃的二维两相流数学模型.模型包括燃料吸热热解、燃料放热氧化及焦炭的放热氧化3个反应过程.通过有限单元法对聚氨脂泡沫的阴燃控制方程进行离散,并采用数值分析软件包FEMLAB进行计算求解.数值模拟了来流速度为0.28 cm/s时燃料阴燃的温度分布和固体成分(燃料泡沫、炭粒和灰分)的变化,其中阴燃传播平均速度为0.0214cm/s,阴燃最高温度平均为644.67K;固体成分的变化曲线明显的将填充床分成4个区域:未燃区、燃料热解氧化区、焦炭氧化区及燃料燃尽区.同时,模拟研究了来流速度及燃料特性参数(导热率、比热、密度、孔隙直径等)对阴燃传播特性的影响.结果表明:阴燃速度和阴燃温度随着来流速度的增大基本上呈线性增长;燃料密度对阴燃传播影响最大;对于孔径较大的多孔介质燃料,模型中要考虑辐射的影响.模拟数据与实验数据进行了对比,结果基本吻合. 相似文献
2.
利用壳聚糖（CTS）与香草醛合成改性壳聚糖席夫碱衍生物（VCG）,将其滴涂在玻碳电极表面形成薄膜,通过吸附富集电子介体Fe（CN）6^3-,使其固定在电极表面,制备了壳聚糖席夫碱衍生物修饰玻碳电极（Fe（CN）6^3-3-/VCG/GC）.以此修饰电极为工作电极,铂电极为对电极,饱和甘汞电极为参比电极,用循环伏安法对槲皮素的电化学行为进行了研究.在pH 6.0的磷酸盐缓冲液（PBS）中,氧化峰电流与槲皮素浓度在10^-4～10^-2 mol/L范围内呈比较好的线形关系,可用于槲皮素测定. 相似文献
3.
利用2,4-二氨基苯酚在铂阳极上的催化氧化和不可逆电对构成的双安培定量分析理论,建立了直接测定2,4-二氨基苯酚的流动注射双安培法。使用已在恒电位下进行过预阳极化处理的双铂电极,在外加电压为零伏特时,通过在阳极上2,4-二氨基苯酚的氧化和在阴极上氧化铂的还原这两个不可逆电极反应过程,构成流动注射双安培检测体系。结果表明,在pH：8．69的B—R缓冲溶液中,2,4-二氨基苯酚的氧化电流与其浓度符合线性关系（r=0．9946,n=10）,其线性范围为4．0×10^-6mol／L～8．0×10^-4mol／L,检出限为6．0×10^-7mol／L。连续36次测定6．0×10^-5moL／L的2,4-二氨基苯酚溶液,电流值的RSD=3．12％。用流动注射双安培法测定样品中2,4-二氨基苯酚的含量,选择性和灵敏度很高,测定结果准确度较高。 相似文献
4.
采用陶瓷薄膜技术及溶胶一凝胶法制备了氧离子传导YSZ（Y2O3稳定的ZrO2）电解膜与电极催化剂,构建了膜电极组装（MEA）及结构为H2S、（复合MoS2阳极）／YSZ传导膜／（复合NiO阴极）、空气燃料电池系统;通过在MoS2中掺杂NiS、电解质、Ag粉和淀粉制备了双金属复合MoS2阳极催化剂,在NiO中添加电解质、Ag粉和淀粉制备了复合NiO阴极催化剂：考察了不同操作温度对电池性能的影响,比较了几种不同电极催化剂的性能,研究了H2S／air固体氧化物燃料电池的电化学性能。实验结果表明,在H2S环境中,复合MoS2阳极催化剂比MoS2和Pt具有更好的性能,复合Nio阴极Pt阴极的极化小;在电极催化剂中加入Ag可显著提高电极的导电性．添加电解质和淀粉可以提高电极的离子传导性和多孔性：操作温度增加．传导膜的电传导率和电化学反应速率增加,电池的输出电流与功率密度增加,电化学性能变好。电池连续运行1～4d几乎不降级。在850℃和101．13kPa时．燃料电池最大输出功率密度为155mW·cm^-2,对应的电流密度为240mA·cm^-2。 相似文献
5.
微生物燃料电池耦合人工湿地处理废水过程中的产电研究(英文) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
构建了一种连续流无膜人工湿地-微生物燃料电池,其水力停留时间为 2 d. 系统以葡萄糖为基质启动2 ～ 3 d 后,在外接电阻为 1 kΩ时,其稳定输出电流密度高于 2 A /m3,同时,COD 去除率大于 90% . 比较了阴阳极间距为 10,20,30 和 40 cm 的系统. 当间距为 20 cm 时,系统的产电电压、库仑效率和能量密度皆最高,分别为 560 mV,0. 313% 和 0. 149 W /m3,且 COD 去除率也为最高,达到 94. 9%. 此外,各系统中的 DO最低浓度均出现在装置中部. 结果表明,COD 去除率越高,系统产能越高,因而库仑效率也越高. 人工湿地-微生物燃料电池系统作为一种低成本及环境友好的污水处理同步产电技术显示出实际应用潜力. 相似文献
6.
低电流密度电解金属钕研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文首次介绍了氟化物熔盐体系中在低阴极、阳极电流密度条件下电解制备稀土金属钕的研究情况.结果表明在阴极电流密度为1.39 A/cm2情况下,电解制备金属钕获得了极高的阴极电流效率,且电解电压仅4.8V左右.该研究为下埋阴极稀土金属熔盐电解槽的研究和设计提供了坚实的理论基础.用数据拟合法得到了电解电压与阴极和阳极电流密度之间以及电流效率与阴极电流密度之间的数学关系式. 相似文献
7.
A novel in-situ electrochemical oxidation method was applied to the degradation of wastewater containing chlorophenol. Under oxygen sparging, the strong oxidant, hydrogen dioxide, could be in-situ generated through the reduction of oxygen on the surface of the cathode. The removal rate ofchlorophenol could be increased 149% when oxygen was induced in the electrochemical cell. The promotion factor was estimated to be about 82.63% according to the pseudo-first-order reaction rate constant (min-1). Important operating parameters such as current density, sparged oxygen rate were investigated.Higher sparged oxygen rate could improve the degradation of chlorophenol. To make full use of oxygen, however, sparged oxygen rate of 0.05 m3/h was adopted in this work. Oxidation-reduction potential could remarkably affect the generation of hydrogen peroxide. It was found that the removal rate of chlorophenol was not in direct proportion to the applied current density. The optimum current density was 3.5 mA/cm2 when initial chlorophenol concentration was 100 mg/L and sparged oxygen rate was 0.05 m3/h. 相似文献
8.
INTRODUCTION With the development of industry, more and more pollutants are discharged into environment, among them, phenolic wastes are typical contami-nants considered to be hazardous and top priority toxic pollutants listed by the USEPA. They are toxic even at low concentration. Due to their biorefractory, bioaccumulation and carcinogenic potential, the treatment of these contaminants is very important in environmental protection. Various technologies and processes have been tried … 相似文献
9.
A detailed mathematical model of a direct internal reforming solid oxide fuel cell (DIR-SOFC) incorporating with simulation of chemical and physical processes in the fuel cell is presented. The model is developed based on the reforming and electrochemical reaction mechanisms, mass and energy conservation, and heat transfer. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is used for solving the complicated multiple partial differential equations (PDEs) to obtain the numerical approximations.The resulting distributions of chemical species concentrations, temperature and current density in a cross-flow DIR-SOFC are given and analyzed in detail. Further, the influence between distributions of chemical species concentrations, temperature and current density during the simulation is illustrated and discussed. The heat and mass transfer, and the kinetics of reforming and electrochemical reactions have significant effects on the parameter distributions within the cell. The results show the particularchar acteristics of the DIR-SOFC among fuel cells, and can aid in stack design and control. 相似文献
10.
Jun Li Ying-wei Kang Guang-yi Cao Xin-jian Zhu Heng-yong Tu Jian Li 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2008,9(7):961-969
A detailed mathematical model of a direct internal reforming solid oxide fuel cell （DIR-SOFC） incorporating with simulation of chemical and physical processes in the fuel cell is presented. The model is developed based on the reforming and electrochemical reaction mechanisms, mass and energy conservation, and heat transfer. A computational fluid dynamics （CFD） method is used for solving the complicated multiple partial differential equations （PDEs） to obtain the numerical approximations. The resulting distributions of chemical species concentrations, temperature and current density in a cross-flow DIR-SOFC are given and analyzed in detail. Further, the influence between distributions of chemical species concentrations, temperature and current density during the simulation is illustrated and discussed. The heat and mass transfer, and the kinetics of reforming and electrochemical reactions have significant effects on the parameter distributions within the cell. The results show the particular characteristics of the DIR-SOFC among fuel cells, and can aid in stack design and control. 相似文献
11.
12.
We previously reported the direct electrochemical detection of insulin at bare carbon electrodes. Here a novel modified acetylene carbon black paste electrode(SiC/CB-CPE), based on the outstanding characteristics of silicon carbide nanostructure,was developed for the electrooxidation of insulin in alkaline solution and it was characterized by cyclic voltammetry(CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) in 5 mmol/L Fe(CN)63-/4- solution. It is found that silicon carbide nanostructure doped into the CB-CPE greatly facilitates the redox electrochemistry of Fe(CN)63-/4- probe and the electrochemical oxidation of insulin. The electrooxidation of insulin is a one-electron and one-proton reaction and an irreversible adsorption-controlled electrode process. The anodic oxidation current increases linearly with the concentration of insulin from 1×10-7mol/L to1.2×10-6mol/L in 0.1 mol/L Na2CO3-NaHCO3 buffer solution(pH 10.0) and the detection limit was 50 nmol/L. In addition, the SiC/CB-CPE shows good sensitivity, reproducibility, renewability and capacity of resisting disturbance. 相似文献
13.
Boron-doped diamond (BDD) film electrodes using Ta as substrates were employed for anodic oxidation of salicylic acid (SA). The effects of operational variables including initial concentration,current density,temperature and pH were examined. The results showed that BDD films deposited on the Ta substrates had high electrocatalytic activity for SA degradation. There was little effect of pH on SA degradation. The current efficiency (CE) was found to be dependent mainly on the initial SA concentration,current density and temperature. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) was reduced from 830 mg/L to 42 mg/L under a current density of 200 A/m2 at 30 °C. 相似文献
14.
芦丁在玻碳电极上的电化学行为研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在0.lmol／L B-R缓冲溶液(pH=3．10)中，用循环伏安法可得到芦丁的一对氧化还原峰。峰电位Epc=0．405V，Epa=0．467V(vs．SCE)。实验表明，Rt在玻碳电极上的电极过程为一受吸附和扩散同时控制的准可逆过程。测得还原峰的电子转移系数为0．39，标准速率常数为kn=0．48s^-1。用该法测定了芦丁片中Rt的含量。 相似文献
15.
采用固相反应法合成了中温固体氧化物燃料电池阴极材料BaCo0.7Fe0．2Nb0．1O5＋δ（BCFN）．结果表明：BCFN与电解质La0．9Sr0．1Ga0．8Mg0．2O2．85（LSGM）在10000C烧结5h没有生成其他杂相,表明其与LSGM电解质在高温时具有很好的化学兼容性．BCFN在700℃时极化电阻仅为0．128Ωcm2．在800℃时,BCFN的过电位为49mV时的电流密度是46mAcm-2． 相似文献
16.
The effects of particle size of activated carbon （AC） on its wettability, electrode coating technology and electric chemical performance were studied to assemble nonaqueous electric double layer capacitors （EDLCs） for high power requirements. The results show that the specific surface area and total pore volume of AC decrease from 2 137 m^2/g to 1 683 m^2/g, and 0.95 cm^3/g to 0.78 cm^3/g, respectively, if it is ball-milled for 8 h. The pore size distributions are similar in the range of 0.7 nm to 3.5 nm for different ball-milling time. There exists oxidation on the surface of AC during the ball-milling process and the ratios of O-C=O oxygen compositions increase whereas those of C-O, C=O decrease. The peeling strength of AC coated on current collector is almost inverse proportion with the particle size of AC as well as the resistance of EDLCs, and its capacitance decreases about 6%. 相似文献
17.
<正>The space-charge layer(SCL)and surface depletion area(SDA)model for beveled p-n junction is presented.The surface space-charge density is calculated for depletion case of beveled p-n junction.Based on the finite difference method, the effect of the equivalent surface charge density on the surface depletion area for positively beveled p-n junction is also studied.Thyristors passivated with polyimide(PI)or polyester improved silicon paint(SP)are fabricated to verify the effect of equivalent surface charge on the peripheral surface of beveled p-n junction.The change of leakage current is sensitive to the surface charges.It indicates that the selection of passivation materials is a significant process to ensure the breakdown voltage capability of beveled devices. 相似文献
18.
利用硅胶柱层析和薄层层析分离甲基托布津合成产物中的微量杂质。柱层析分离杂质的适宜条件：0.5mL的粗品上硅胶（80-100目）的层析柱,流动相为乙酸乙酯∶石油醚（3∶2,V/V）,流速为0.9mL·min-1,并通过高效液相色谱及时测定结果,经过多次富集得到杂质纯品,并由液质联用仪和核磁共振分析杂质结构,得出杂质是因为反应过程中发生副反应（水解或者氧化）,所以应创造无氧的反应条件。 相似文献
19.
This paper presents a control strategy of a hybrid fuel cell/battery distributed generation （HDG） system in distribution systems. The overall structure of the HDG system is given, dynamic models for the solid oxide fuel cell （SOFC） power plant, battery bank and its power electronic interfacing are briefly described, and controller design methodologies for the power conditioning units and fuel cell to control the power flow from the hybrid power plant to the utility grid are presented. To distribute the power between the fuel cell power plant and the battery energy storage, a neuro-fuzzy controller has been developed. Also, for controlling the active and reactive power independently in distribution systems, the current control strategy based on two fuzzy logic controllers has been presented. A Matlab/Simulink simulation model is developed for the HDG system by combining the individual component models and their controllers. Simulation results show the overall system performance including load-following and power management of the HDG system. 相似文献
20.
利用扫描电镜和交流阻抗法对以滴涂法制备的掺铝的硫化镉、壳聚糖修饰的玻碳电极进行纳米膜特性表征,并采用循环伏安法研究核黄素在其上的电化学行为.结果显示,在多种缓冲溶液中测试,发现在0.05 mol/L的邻苯二甲酸氢钾作为缓冲溶液时,电化学氧化还原峰形最好,峰电流较大.结果还表明,在修饰电极上的扩散系数D为5.08×10-4 cm2/s,反应速率常数k为5.36×10-7 mol/（L·s）.在实验优化选定的测试条件下,氧化峰电流与核黄素的浓度在5.00×10-6 ～4.50×10-5 mol/L范围内呈良好线性关系,检出限达2.55×10-6 mol/L,相对标准偏差（n=10）为4.25％,可用于核黄素含量的测定. 相似文献