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1.
Mareike Menne 《Archival Science》2010,10(3):299-314
This essay compares archival accumulation in clerical and secular principalities in seventeenth-century northwestern Germany.
As this is known to be the age of confessionalization, the focus is on confessional convergences and divergences in the development
of confession, rule, states, and archives. The sources show the emergence of administration, the accumulation of legitimation
and evidence via archives, and confessional competition, as well as coincidences of centralization and separation. Catholic
and clerical archives were oriented toward persisting written records and historical traditions, while in Protestant and secular
contexts, we find novel developments: a new age, new confessions, the need for a new history together with the creation of
a new (historical) identity, and thus, new archives. Later success stories that characterized the Protestant secular state
as orderly, administration- and rule-related, and possessing well-indexed archives, however, neglect most Catholic and nongovernmental
archives and their qualities. 相似文献
2.
本文通过比较分析中国新闻业史分期法关于在华外报的分期,提出外国人在华办报活动的细分化分期法,并进而对在华基督教报刊和天主教报刊进行分类论述,旨在揭示中国近代新闻事业发展的逻辑和在华外报活动的规律。 相似文献
3.
《Journal of Informetrics》2023,17(1):101380
Female researchers may have experienced more difficulties than their male counterparts since the COVID-19 outbreak because of gendered housework and childcare. To test it, we constructed a unique dataset that connects 15,280,382 scholarly publications and their 11,828,866 authors retrieved from Microsoft Academic Graph data between 2016 and 2020 to various national characteristics from LinkedIn, Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center, and Covid-19 Community Mobility Reports from Google. Using the dataset, this study estimated how much the proportion of female authors in academic journals on a global scale changed in 2020 (net of recent yearly trends). We observed a decrease in research productivity for female researchers in 2020, mostly as first authors, followed by last author position. We also identified various factors that amplified the gender gap by dividing the authors’ backgrounds into individual, organizational and national characteristics. Female researchers were more vulnerable when they were in their mid-career, affiliated to the least influential organizations, and more importantly from less gender-equal countries with higher mortality and restricted mobility as a result of COVID-19. Our findings suggest that female researchers were not necessarily excluded from but were marginalized in research since the COVID-19 outbreak and we discuss its policy implications. 相似文献
4.
The first exhibition in Vietnam to feature Vietnamese Catholics was held from December 10, 2008 to June 10, 2009 at the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology in Hanoi. The theme of this exhibition was “Catholic Culture as an Intrinsic Part of Vietnamese Culture.” The exhibition was organized by a State‐run museum against a background of difficult relations between the State and its Catholic communities. This article explores how the exhibition was conceived, and how the ideas of the curators were implemented by examining negotiations among different stakeholders involved in the exhibition. 相似文献
5.
《Journalism Practice》2013,7(5):620-635
This article examines the key factors shaping the opportunities for feminist journalism in large, mainstream media organizations. It shows how journalists' notions about gender, different professional journalistic ideals, and feminist media activism advance or hinder feminist journalism at different levels of media production. The impact of these factors is explored further in the particular contexts of the post-authoritarian societies of contemporary Serbia and Croatia. While individual Serbian and Croatian pro-feminist journalists were often able to pursue socially committed journalism in their day-to-day choice of topics, sources and approaches, their opportunities to affect programme, departmental or channel policy were more limited. Such opportunities depended on a constellation of the following factors: the strength of women's non-governmental organizations' media activism; media management's support for gender equality initiatives and/or critical forms of journalism; and the broader political developments concerning gender and media politics in the two countries. 相似文献
6.
When Pope Francis, the leader of the Roman Catholic Church, released his encyclical on climate change in June 2015, the Fox News Channel, the most watched cable news network in the United States, faced a dilemma. Some of its news anchors and regular commentators are Catholics, and therefore have a positive bias for the Pope. But the network is also known for its bias against man-made climate change. Guided by cognitive dissonance theory, this study analyzed how Fox News’ anchors and commentators discussed Pope Francis’ stance on climate change. The analysis found a clear ambivalence in their discourse and identified four discursive strategies that they used to navigate discursive dissonance. 相似文献
7.
《Journal of Informetrics》2022,16(2):101287
This paper presents an embracing quantitative inbreeding analyses in the Brazilian higher education system (HES). Several studies were conducted about academic inbreeding in several countries with contradictory results on its effect in research productivity, indicating how controversial this issue is. This is the first comprehensive research based on data from more than 79,000 researchers from all fields of knowledge. We find that inbreeding can be found in all fields of science in Brazil. Results from a robust statistical analysis indicate that inbreds are significantly more productive than non-inbreds in all research publications, except in books. Particularly, we find that researchers that have spent a mobility period, either during doctoral studies or a scholarly visiting position, are more productive than other types of inbreds. The overall conclusion is that there is no evidence to support the detrimental view of academic inbreeding based on scientific productivity. We then discuss possible explanations to our findings and present suggestions of future research. 相似文献
8.
9.
图书馆正义优先四定律 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
提出了图书馆正义优先的四个定律：作为一种制度安排，图书馆制度应保障读者平等的知识自由权利：保障弱势群体读者利用图书馆的优先权；以读者为目的图书馆正义原则优先于缺乏人文关怀的图书馆功利原则；图书馆制度伦理优先于读者和馆员的个人道德。 相似文献
10.
《Journal of Informetrics》2020,14(4):101075
Greater collaboration generally produces higher category normalised citation impact (CNCI) and more influential science. Citation differences between domestic and international collaborative articles are known, but obscured in analyses of countries’ CNCIs, compromising evaluation insights. Here, we address this problem by deconstructing and distinguishing domestic and international collaboration types to explore differences in article citation rates between collaboration type and countries. Using Web of Science article data covering 2009–2018, we find that individual country citation and CNCI profiles vary significantly between collaboration types (e.g., domestic single institution and international bilateral) and credit counting methods (full and fractional). The ‘boosting’ effect of international collaboration is greatest where total research capacity is smallest, which could mislead interpretation of performance for policy and management purposes. By incorporating collaboration type into the CNCI calculation, we define a new metric labelled Collab-CNCI. This can account for collaboration effects without presuming credit (as fractional counting does). We recommend that analysts should: (1) partition all article datasets so that citation counts can be normalised by collaboration type (Collab-CNCI) to enable improved interpretation for research policy and management; and (2) consider filtering out smaller entities from multinational and multi-institutional analyses where their inclusion is likely to obscure interpretation. 相似文献
11.
This content analysis of 15 Arabic and 3 Turkish drama serials on transnational Arab television examined the gender portrayals of characters. The analysis of 743 characters found that women were underrepresented, less likely to have recognizable jobs, and more likely than men to be portrayed in sex-typed occupations, activities, and settings. The analysis also revealed that programs with female writers were significantly less gender stereotypical. Moreover, differences were found among the producing Arab countries in terms of the portrayals of women; conservative countries had more sex-typed portrayals than the more liberal Arab countries, whereas Turkish programs had similar portrayals to Arabic programs produced in the liberal Arab states. The general findings are discussed in comparison to U.S. programming, and in relation to selective exposure, identification with characters, and potential effects on Arab viewers' gender role beliefs. 相似文献
12.
Mike Thelwall Carol Bailey Meiko Makita Pardeep Sud Devika P. Madalli 《Journal of Informetrics》2019,13(1):118-131
Women’s access to academic careers has been historically limited by discrimination and cultural constraints. Comprehensive information about gender inequality within disciplines is needed to understand the problem and target remedial action. India is the fifth largest research producer but has a low international index of gender inequality and so is an important case. This study assesses gender inequalities in Indian journal article publishing in 2017 for 186 research fields. It also seeks overall gender differences in interests across academia by comparing the terms used in 27,710 articles with an Indian male or female first author. The data show that there are at least 1.5 male first authors per female first author in each of 26 broad fields and 2.8 male first authors per female first author overall. Compared to the USA, India has a much lower share of female first authors but smaller variations in gender differences between broad fields. Dentistry, Economics and Maths are all more female in India, but Veterinary is much less female than in the USA. There is a tendency for males to research thing-oriented topics and for females to research helping people and some life science topics. More initiatives to promote gender equality in science are needed to address the overall imbalance, but care should be taken to avoid creating the larger between-field gender differences found in the USA. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of Informetrics》2022,16(1):101256
The aim of this paper is to explore the collaboration of female inventors, how it affects their innovation production and whether it influences their innovation impact. Empirical knowledge of how inventors collaborate in co-patenting collaborations holds an important key to innovation development. In this article, we report on an analysis of international inventors and patents granted by the European Patent Office (EPO) between 1978 and 2019. We investigate the structure of inventors’ networks—particularly those of female inventors—over time using social network analysis and address the gender patterns of collaboration. It can be observed that while female inventors’ overall involvement in patenting activity is not that high, the share of female inventors increases over the time period in question from 1.2% to 8.9%. We also estimate panel data regressions on the number of patents and the citation rates of the patents at an individual level. Our results show that although all inventors benefit from a more central network position within the co-patenting network in terms of their innovation output, the positive influence is greater for male inventors than female inventors. In addition, when inventors collaborate with inventors from more diversified countries and regions they contribute to more patents and their patents are more cited. 相似文献
14.
[目的/意义]科研人员已成为知识经济时代重要的人才要素,其在全球范围内的流动关乎各国人才战略。分析科研人员流动的性别差异,有助于更好地了解流动模式,同时有利于国家人才引进机制的完善。[研究设计/方法]在分析流动频次、回流倾向、流动时期选择的性别差异基础上,提出三个研究假设,根据假设提取并分析了ORCID数据库中截止2017年底的有跨国流动经历的26,315位科研人员简历。[结论/发现]①科研人员在流动频次上具有显著的性别差异,女性科研人员的流动频次少于男性;当流动次数增加时,对应人员比例降低;②在回流倾向上,女性与男性并无显著差异,英国的男性和西班牙的女性最倾向于回流;③科研人员在流动时期的选择上无显著的性别差异,男女均在职业生涯早期流动更多。[创新/价值]揭示了男女科研人员在流动中的不同倾向,为进一步探讨不同背景和条件下的差异现象及本质并寻求解决方法奠定了基础。 相似文献
15.
We evaluate article-level metrics along two dimensions. Firstly, we analyse metrics’ ranking bias in terms of fields and time. Secondly, we evaluate their performance based on test data that consists of (1) papers that have won high-impact awards and (2) papers that have won prizes for outstanding quality. We consider different citation impact indicators and indirect ranking algorithms in combination with various normalisation approaches (mean-based, percentile-based, co-citation-based, and post hoc rescaling). We execute all experiments on two publication databases which use different field categorisation schemes (author-chosen concept categories and categories based on papers’ semantic information).In terms of bias, we find that citation counts are always less time biased but always more field biased compared to PageRank. Furthermore, rescaling paper scores by a constant number of similarly aged papers reduces time bias more effectively compared to normalising by calendar years. We also find that percentile citation scores are less field and time biased than mean-normalised citation counts.In terms of performance, we find that time-normalised metrics identify high-impact papers better shortly after their publication compared to their non-normalised variants. However, after 7 to 10 years, the non-normalised metrics perform better. A similar trend exists for the set of high-quality papers where these performance cross-over points occur after 5 to 10 years.Lastly, we also find that personalising PageRank with papers’ citation counts reduces time bias but increases field bias. Similarly, using papers’ associated journal impact factors to personalise PageRank increases its field bias. In terms of performance, PageRank should always be personalised with papers’ citation counts and time-rescaled for citation windows smaller than 7 to 10 years. 相似文献
16.
Victoria Andelsman 《Journalism Practice》2019,13(4):458-475
This paper examines newspaper coverage of sexual and reproductive health and violence against women, from 1995 until 2015, in two print newspapers from Buenos Aires, Argentina. The analysis shows that while coverage of violence against women increased over the 20-year period, coverage of sexual and reproductive health did not. Moreover, drawing on framing theory, content analysis indicates that, regardless of the level of coverage, throughout the period examined, articles on these topics tended to eschew a gender equality approach, and to be framed in episodic, rather than thematic frames. Finally, articles about violence against women are significantly less likely to use either the equality frame or the thematic frame than stories about sexual and reproductive health. This paper draws on these findings to reflect on the relevance of portraying these issues as social concerns with impact in gender equality. 相似文献
17.
Nicole Benevento Albert N. Greco Toniann Pasqueralle Clara Rodriguez Francesca Russo Alana M. Spendley Kelly Sullivan Yiming Sun Robert M. Wharton 《Publishing Research Quarterly》2017,33(4):357-372
The “gender gap” in the U.S. publication of English language and literature scholarly books has not been fully investigated. In order to investigate gender disparity, we collected, aggregated, and analyzed data on 1633 faculty members who authored or edited 4835 scholarly books at the top 50 U.S. English Ph.D. departments. Despite the fact that more women than men have received Ph.D.s in English since 1987, the top 50 departments are predominantly male, and male faculty members publish more books on a per capita basis. However, who publishes more books in these departments varies: (1) with the department that the faculty member is in (with grater parity in the middle 30 departments); and (2) when the faculty member published their first book, with female faculty who published their first book after 1998 publishing as many books on a per person basis as male faculty. This paper also offers recommendations on how marketing strategies can be used to ameliorate the “gender gap” in this academic field. 相似文献
18.
本文以自由与平等的冲突根源与内在联系为分析起点,认为作为制度正义的核心命题,二者间存在的内在张力和关联为图书馆权利体系的建构提供了参考。结合图书馆权利体系中自由与平等的具体内容,认为:图书馆作为一种正义的制度安排,在制度建构中必然会提出对自由和平等的主张和安排,这种制度正义性构成了图书馆权利体系中自由与平等统一的基石;图书馆需要通过积极的制度建构,以规范的形式确认自由和平等权利以及国家在实现图书馆自由平等权中的积极角色,使图书馆自由与平等权利从应有权利走向法定权利。 相似文献
19.
《Journal of Media Economics》2013,26(3):153-169
Consistent with predictions of an economic model of international trade in media products, we show that in countries that have relatively high consumer spending on movies-notably the United States-domestically produced movies account for relatively large shares of theater box office receipts. We also find that American-produced movies account for relatively small market shares of the box office in high movie-spending foreign countries. We also find that English language fluency, or a dummy variable for non-U.S. countries whose native language is English, generally has an insignificant or marginally significant effect on these results. 相似文献
20.
中国图书馆学期刊的发展现状及未来取向 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
新中国建立以来,特别是党的十一届三中全会之后的近２０年来,我国图书馆事业有了令人瞩目的发展,取得了辉煌成就。与此同时,全国的图书馆学专业期刊也得到了突飞猛进的发展,取得了很好的成绩和经验。专业期刊发展的成绩和经验是伴随着整个图书馆事业的发展而取得的,... 相似文献