共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
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Dr. Michael R. Matthews 《Research in Science Education》1992,22(1):299-307
The paper outlines the significant influence of constructivism in contemporary science and mathematics education, and emphasises
the central role that epistemology plays in constructivist theory and practice. It is claimed that despite the anti-empiricism
of much constructivist writing, in most forms its epistemology is nevertheless firmly empiricist. In particular it is subject-centered
and experience-based. It is argued that its relativist, if not skeptical conclusions, only follow given these empiricist assumptions.
Further it is suggested that such assumptions belong to Aristotelian science, and were effectively overthrown with the modern
science of Galileo and Newton. Thus constructivism cannot provide understanding of post-Aristotelian science.
Specializations: history, philosophy and science teaching. 相似文献
3.
Michael R. Matthews 《Science & Education》2004,13(7-8):689-715
Galileo’s discovery of the properties of pendulum motion depended on his adoption of the novel methodology of idealisation. Galileo’s laws of pendulum motion could not be accepted until the empiricist methodological constraints placed on science by Aristotle, and by common sense, were overturned. As long as scientific claims were judged by how the world was immediately seen to behave, and as long as mathematics and physics were kept separate, then Galileo’s pendulum claims could not be substantiated; the evidence was against them. Proof of the laws required not just a new science, but a new way of doing science, a new way of handling evidence, a new methodology of science. This was Galileo’s method of idealisatioin. It was the foundation of the Galilean–Newtonian Paradigm which characterised the Scientific Revolution of the 17th century, and the subsequent centuries of modern science. As the pendulum was central to Galileo’s and Newton’s physics, appreciating the role of idealisation in their work is an instructive way to learn about the nature of science. 相似文献
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曾柱石 《广东教育学院学报》2002,22(2):38-39,51
从物理学方法论的角度对物理学的发展作了回顾和考察,由此得出二点有益的启示:无论在牛顿力学、统计物理还是在量子力学中,决定性描述和概率性描述二者并存;物理学可能面临着第三次大综合. 相似文献
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牛顿摆是一种常见的物理实验演示设备,可以演示多种碰撞实验。利用3DsMax软件来设计牛顿摆模型,经过渲染生成的牛顿摆动画可用于多媒体教学。利用Reactor动力学系统可以对牛顿摆模型进行不同条件下的仿真模拟过程,并由仿真结果验证了碰撞过程符合动量守恒定律。 相似文献
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钟庆 《四川教育学院学报》2012,28(1):108-111
牛顿力学在经典物理中是相当成熟的典范,在《自然哲学的数学原理》中牛顿用八个定义、四个注释、三个定律和六个推论建立了牛顿力学的公理化体系,但牛顿力学也是一直争论不休、不断发展和不断完善的科学。最近发表的《论接触体间牛顿第三定律的可演绎性》,断言牛顿第三定律不独立可由第二定律推演得出,以及早先争论的第一定律只是第二定律的特殊情况,第一定律中存在逻辑循环,第一定律不构成基础和独立的规律等等。于此,讨论牛顿运动三定律的各自独立性与内在逻辑自洽一致性。 相似文献
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Nowadays in the community of researchers there is a practically unanimous consensus about the relevance of the history of science to the educational process. In this context, Aristotelian physics was rediscovered and reassessed for didactic purposes. But unfortunately, it is very often presented in a rather fragmentary and oversimplified way that distorts the true meaning of Aristotelian concepts. Facing this problem, the purpose of the present paper is to point out some blunders that originate in the partial reading of Aristotle's work. Particularly, it intends to contribute to the following points: (i) to warn against a hurried identification of pre-scientific notions and Aristotelian physical concepts; (ii) to promote an epistemologically not naïve and historiographically not anachronic interpretation of Aristotle's work on physics, both in the theoretical and in the methodological aspects; (iii) to warn against the interpretative confusion that arises from projecting the conceptual frame of contemporary science on Aristotelian physics, ignoring Aristotle's natural philosophy as a whole; (iv) to show the need of understanding the metaphysical foundations of the Aristotelian system; (v) to promote a return to the reading of the original texts. 相似文献
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N. Mukunda 《Resonance》2016,21(6):493-510
Against the background of the development of physics, and in particular of mechanics, over the centuries since Galileo and Newton, we describe the life and work of William Rowan Hamilton in the 19th century. The depth of his ideas which brought together the understanding of ray optics and classical mechanics, and the remarkable ways in which his work paved the way to the construction of quantum mechanics in the 20th century, are emphasized. 相似文献
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This paper presents the early investigations about the nature of sound of the Pythagoreans, and how they started a tradition
that remains valid up to present times—the use of numbers in representing natural reality. It will touch on the Pythagorean
notion of musical harmony, which was extended to the notion of universal harmony. How the Pythagorean ideas have inspired
many great works in physics, such as those of Galileo, Kepler and Newton, will also be presented. In exploring the legacy
of Pythagoras to physics and the study of the universe, some valuable insights on the nature of science that can inspire budding
physicists are extracted. 相似文献
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Don Howard 《Science & Education》2009,18(2):199-220
This paper asks what is necessary in a theory of science adequate to the task of empowering philosophers of science to participate
in public debate about science in a social context. It is argued that an adequate theory of science must be capable of theorizing
the role of values and motives in science and that it must take seriously the irreducibly social nature of scientific knowledge.
Don Howard is a Professor in the Department of Philosophy and the Program in History and Philosophy of Science at the University of Notre Dame. He holds a B.Sc. in physical sciences from Michigan State University and both an M.A. and a Ph.D. in philosophy from Boston University. His special interests include the history and philosophical foundations of physics and the history of the philosophy of science. Recent publications include: The Challenge of the Social and the Pressure of Practice: Science and Values Revisited, co-edited with Martin Carrier and Janet Kourany (University of Pittsburgh Press, forthcoming); “‘Let me briefly indicate why I do not find this standpoint natural.’ Einstein, General Relativity, and the Contingent A Priori,” in Synthesis and the Growth of Knowledge: Examining Michael Friedman’s Approach to the History of Philosophy and Science, Michael Dickson and Mary Domski, eds. (Open Court, forthcoming); “Einstein and the Philosophy of Science,” in the Cambridge Companion to Einstein, Michel Janssen and Christoph Lehner, eds. (Cambridge University Press, forthcoming); and “Albert Einstein as a Philosopher of Science,” Physics Today (2005). 相似文献
| Don HowardEmail: |
Don Howard is a Professor in the Department of Philosophy and the Program in History and Philosophy of Science at the University of Notre Dame. He holds a B.Sc. in physical sciences from Michigan State University and both an M.A. and a Ph.D. in philosophy from Boston University. His special interests include the history and philosophical foundations of physics and the history of the philosophy of science. Recent publications include: The Challenge of the Social and the Pressure of Practice: Science and Values Revisited, co-edited with Martin Carrier and Janet Kourany (University of Pittsburgh Press, forthcoming); “‘Let me briefly indicate why I do not find this standpoint natural.’ Einstein, General Relativity, and the Contingent A Priori,” in Synthesis and the Growth of Knowledge: Examining Michael Friedman’s Approach to the History of Philosophy and Science, Michael Dickson and Mary Domski, eds. (Open Court, forthcoming); “Einstein and the Philosophy of Science,” in the Cambridge Companion to Einstein, Michel Janssen and Christoph Lehner, eds. (Cambridge University Press, forthcoming); and “Albert Einstein as a Philosopher of Science,” Physics Today (2005). 相似文献
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从物理学史上的 3位伟人 :亚里士多德、伽利略、牛顿对待物理实验的态度 ,我们一方面可以看到唯物论与唯心论的斗争 ;另一方面可更清楚地看到只有坚持唯物论 ,把物理实验放在第 1位 ,才能获得真知 ,总结出规律 ,上升为理论 ,并推动物理学的发展。 相似文献
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Force in modern classical mechanics is unique, both in terms of its logical character and the conceptual difficulties it causes. Force is well defined by a set of axioms that not only structures mechanics but science in general. Force is also the dominant theme in the ‘misconceptions’ literature and many philosophers and physicists alike have expressed puzzlement as to its nature. The central point of this article is that if we taught mechanics as the forum to discuss the nature of mechanics itself, then we would serve to better secure a learner’s understanding and appreciation of both science and mathematics. We will attempt to show that mechanics can provide the opportunity for students to enter this meta-discourse by engaging in Socratic discussion, entertaining thought experiments, comparisons made between force as defined within mechanics as a modern axiomatic system with Newton’s quantitative definition of force, how the concepts of force prior to Galileo and Newton can be used as a teaching aid with respect to student intuitive ideas and how mathematics was brought to bear on what is given empirically. Mechanics provides this opportunity and pedagogically may require it due to its axiomatic nature. 相似文献
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The present paper presents a historical study on the acceptance of Newton??s corpuscular theory of light in the early eighteenth century. Isaac Newton first published his famous book Opticks in 1704. After its publication, it became quite popular and was an almost mandatory presence in cultural life of Enlightenment societies. However, Newton??s optics did not become popular only via his own words and hands, but also via public lectures and short books with scientific contents devoted to general public (including women) that emerged in the period as a sort of entertainment business. Lectures and writers stressed the inductivist approach to the study of nature and presented Newton??s ideas about optics as they were consensual among natural philosophers in the period. The historical case study presented in this paper illustrates relevant aspects of nature of science, which can be explored by students of physics on undergraduate level or in physics teacher training programs. 相似文献
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This article introduces a research study on student model formation and development in introductory mechanics. As a point
of entry, I present a detailed analysis of the Long Decay Model of one-dimensional projectile motion. This model has been
articulated by Galileo (in De Motu) and by contemporary students. Implications for instruction are discussed.
Mark Lattery is an Associate Professor of Physics at the University of Wisconsin Oshkosh. He holds a Ph.D. in experimental high-energy physics from the University of Minnesota. His current research interests include physics education and the history of physics. 相似文献
| Mark Joseph LatteryEmail: |
Mark Lattery is an Associate Professor of Physics at the University of Wisconsin Oshkosh. He holds a Ph.D. in experimental high-energy physics from the University of Minnesota. His current research interests include physics education and the history of physics. 相似文献
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Henry Nielsen 《Science & Education》1993,2(2):169-181
A Danish textbook on the history of technology,Skruen uden ende — Den vestlige teknologis historie (The Endless Spiral: A History of Western Technology), was published in 1990. In the present article, one of the authors presents some of the background to this event and puts the work into historical perspective by describing a number of different traditions for writing textbooks on the history of technology. Next follows a discussion of why history of technology ought to be an important ingredient in upper secondary education and why only the contextualist tradition — inspired by the rapidly developing school of research centered around the journalTechnology & Culture — offers any real hope for providing meaningful teaching materials on history of technology. The paper ends with a brief outline of the textbook's contents, with special emphasis on one of its several case studies describing the development of certain mainstream technologies in the context of the scientific, economic, social and cultural developments existing when the particular technology came into being. 相似文献
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《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2013,45(5):509-521
Abstract Nel Noddings claims that there is an important normative element in happiness. For support, she points to the Aristotelian idea of the eudaimonic life, a concept that is often translated into English as ‘the happy life’. However, in light of the wide divergence between the Aristotelian view of eudaimonia as a life of virtuous activity and most contemporary psychologists’ and lay people’s view of happiness as subjective wellbeing, the authors of this article believe that Noddings’s merging of the two has several shortcomings. Aside from ambiguity and confusion, it encourages us to deny that, given the human condition, we must sometimes choose between happiness as pursuit of positive emotion and personal satisfaction and happiness as pursuit of the common good and the virtuous life. 相似文献
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“理论力学”高等课程曾经是一门传统的研究生课程,后因内容陈旧逐渐淡出历史舞台,现在国内鲜有高校开设。本文对该门课程的价值与意义进行了论述,指出本科阶段的“理论力学”课程并不能满足物理系研究生的需求,并对授课内容进行了探索,尝试对该课程的教学进行改革与实践。 相似文献
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Geoffrey Short 《Children‘s Literature in Education》1997,28(4):179-190
Holocaust education in England and Wales received a major boost in 1990 when, as part of the National Curriculum, it became a mandatory subject of study for all secondary aged students in the maintained sector. Many schools in the United States have also been teaching the Holocaust for some time (usually to students in grades 8 to 10), but in contrast to the United Kingdom the way the subject is taught has aroused considerable opposition. Among the more censorious of the critics was the historian, Lucy Dawidowicz, who examined a range of Holocaust curricula in 24 states and in New York City. Reporting her findings in Commentary in 1990 she castigated the majority of the curricula for their inadequate coverage of the history of anti-Semitism prior to Hitler (particularly its integral link with Christianity), role-play exercises likely to produce trauma, and the drawing of inappropriate parallels with other genocides. She said nothing, however, about the value of literature as a vehicle for learning about the Holocaust—a surprising omission in view of the prominent coverage it receives in the best known of the curricula Facing History and Ourselves.
Due to the paucity of research in this area, the editors would welcome letters from teachers who have used Holocaust literature in the classroom. 相似文献
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Paul S. Ganderton 《International Journal of Educational Development》1996,16(4):393-405
In last few years there has been an increasing amount of attention paid to the concept of ‘globalisation’. A precise definition has yet to emerge but there is some agreement that it involves a worldwide shift in economic operation which is feeding down into a number of social institutions — not least, education. In response, it is often noted that school systems are all following one path.This paper seeks to examine and challenge the ‘one path’. Current conceptualisations do not account for the variety of examples already seen. It is argued that there are four related phenomena which can go under the heading of globalisation: globalisation per se (as a form of colonialism); globalism (a sharing of mental constructs); convergence (following a similar path); and mimicry (joining in hoping to gain benefits).Leaving aside the impact this has on the organisation of education it is argued that it has immediate effect on our conceptualisations of curriculum; the language we use and the conceptions it takes with it can constrain our educational opportunities. This is illustrated with reference to curriculum reform and environmental education in Australia. 相似文献
20.
ABSTRACTMassengale’s Trends Toward the Future of Physical Education (1987) makes no reference to the existence of the philosophic inquiry of physical activity within higher education kinesiology programs—even though the sub-discipline had been formalized by academics in the early 1970s. In contrast, Massengale and Swanson’s The History of Exercise and Sport Science (1997) dedicated a chapter to sport philosophy’s development, including a prognosis of its future. Since then, there has been tremendous growth in the sub-discipline, including an increase in publication outlets, stand-alone monographs, and the creation of academic associations globally. Yet this growth has not necessarily secured sport philosophy’s place in higher education curriculum. In this article, we briefly review the history of philosophic inquiry into physical activity and review previous predictions of the sub-discipline’s future before offering our own prognostication of its future in higher education. 相似文献