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Japanese flagship universities at a crossroads 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
Akiyoshi Yonezawa 《Higher Education》2007,54(4):483-499
The increasing pace and scope of global structural change has left Japanese flagship universities at a crossroads. Reflecting
upon historical trends, current policy changes and respective institutional strategies for global marketing among Japanese
top research universities, the author discusses possible future directions for these institutions and how key decisions may
be influenced by selected national policies. By taking a more active role in building flagship universities and making use
of higher education for social and economic development, the Japanese government has already taken concrete measures to keep
apace with higher education policies of neighboring Asian countries. However, in the author’s view, whether or not Japan can
truly develop and maintain world-class universities ultimately depends on an overall improvement in the status of East Asian
higher education. 相似文献
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This article analyzes a recent initiative of Japan’s Ministry of Education, which aims to internationalize higher education in Japan. The large-investment project “Top Global University Project” (TGUP) has emerged to create globally oriented universities, to increase the role of foreign languages in higher education, and to foster global human resources. The TGUP identifies 37 universities: 13 as “top global universities” intended to compete in the top 100 university world rankings and 24 “global traction universities” intended to lead the internationalization of higher education in Japan. Despite the substantial funding behind this initiative, little research has been conducted to evaluate the potential impact of this policy on language planning in higher education in Japan. This paper addresses this gap in its exploration of the TGUP, including key changes from previous internationalization policies. It then presents an analysis of publicly available documents regarding the policy, collected from all 37 of the participant universities. Findings indicate a positive departure from older policy trends and the emergence of flexible, unique forms of English language education in Japan’s universities. 相似文献
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高技能型人力资本是新时代经济增长的重要引擎。中国1999年推行的高等教育扩招政策极大地丰富了中国高技能型人力资本,对中国经济增长产生重要影响。文章基于1997-2015年城市面板数据,利用双重差分方法实证考察了高等教育扩招政策对中国经济增长的影响。研究结果表明:第一,1999年实施的高等教育扩招政策显著地促进了中国经济增长。在剔除相关因素之后,高等教育扩招政策对中国经济增长率的贡献度达到17%-29%。第二,随着时间的推移,高等教育扩招政策的经济增长效应存在报酬递增效应。第三,高等教育扩招政策对经济增长的促进作用存在高校的数量效应和质量效应,即高等教育数量越多,高等教育质量越好,高等教育扩招政策对经济增长的促进效应就越大。第四,高等教育扩招政策对经济增长的促进作用存在空间递减效应,即东部地区最大、中部地区次之、西部地区不显著。因此,新时代保持持续的经济增长,需要充分重视高等教育在经济增长中的作用,以及调整高等教育结构,并提高高等教育质量,同时增强高技能型人力资本与经济发展阶段的匹配程度。 相似文献
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研究型大学建设:拉美与亚洲国家高等教育政策取向 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
马万华 《清华大学教育研究》2007,28(1):97-104
通过高等教育全面提高国家的综合国力和国际竞争力是目前许多发达国家和经济发展速度较快的发展中国家的既定国策。因此最近十几年来,建设研究型大学的热潮在世界范围内兴起。亚洲和拉美的许多国家也纷纷对本国的高等教育进行反思和改革,试图在新一轮的国际秩序整合中打破美国研究型大学在知识创新的主导地位。本文试图对韩国、日本、印度、阿根廷、巴西和墨西哥等国的研究型大学建设状况和改革思路进行分析,发现他们在建设研究型大学过程中遇到的问题,通过对比,发现他们在研究型大学建设中采取的策略与措施。 相似文献
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This article provides an international perspective on learning technology developments, with emphasis on the special challenges of designing distance learning technologies (DLT) in the developing countries of Asia. A commentary on the current achievements and problems of DLT designers is provided, based on the authors’ recent study tour of distance education (DE) initiatives in 11 Asian countries: Bhutan, Cambodia, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Laos, Mongolia, Pakistan, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam. The authors compare these initiatives with others they observed in their previous visits to DE institutions in North America and Europe, China and Japan. The prospects for collaboration among DLT projects and research initiatives are discussed and the emergence of a ‘Pandora’s box’ of educational possibilities is described—innovative, economical, and occasionally troubling in the challenges it provides to accepted DE practice. 相似文献
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《Critical Studies in Education》2013,54(2):160-175
The English language is significant to the internationalisation of higher education worldwide. Countries in Asia are proactive in appropriating English for their national interests, while paying attention to associated national cultural identity issues. This article examines the ways in which the role of English is interpreted and justified in different countries in Asia, with a particular focus on Japan, as these nations attempt to internationalise their higher education within the broader processes of regionalisation and globalisation and their own nationalist discourse. Through critical analyses and discussions of Japan's two major government initiatives, the Action Plan 2003 to ‘Cultivate Japanese with English Abilities’ and the ‘Global 30’ Project 2008, the article investigates how cultural national identities are shaped, are altered and are put ‘at risk’ in policies and practices for the internationalisation of higher education and the overemphasis on English. It argues for the importance of understanding the intersections of English language policy, the internationalisation of higher education and national cultural identity and also considers how the over-promotion of English in the case of Japan has been energetically driven by the nation building agenda that tends to undermine local languages and what this might mean for internationalisation. 相似文献
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Kalwant Bhopal 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》2011,32(3):431-447
This paper explores Indian women’s views on arranged marriages in the United Kingdom. It is based on research carried out with 32 Indian women studying at a university in the South East of England, UK. The article draws on Wenger’s social theory of learning to explore how Indian women’s participation in communities of practice in higher education contributes to their participation in arranged marriages. The concept of ‘social capital’ is used to discuss how women are able to negotiate their participation in arranged marriages, It is used to examine the knowledge and identity resources that women develop through their participation in higher education, which provides them with the means from which to develop the necessary ‘bridging ties’ leading to their active participation in the wider South Asian community. 相似文献
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在教育全球化时代,地方化因素对于一个国家是否成为教育改革的参考标准依然重要。澳大利亚和韩国两国媒体对亚洲国家和地区PISA成功的描述与话语讨论因国情不同而表现出各自的特点,进而影响着政策借鉴是否可以以及如何发生。基于对澳大利亚与韩国媒体对PISA结果报道的比较后发现,对亚洲教育的刻板印象、国家间的经济关系、潜在参考国家和地区在PISA排名表中相对排名的变化等三大因素影响着一个国家对这些国家或地区"最优教育系统"的政策借鉴。 相似文献
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谭晓健 《云南师范大学学报(教育科学版)》2013,(5):18-25
20世纪80—90年代以来,在高等教育国际化进程中,国际留学生教育从谋求政治影响为主导转向了以追逐经济利益为主导的时期,呈现出学生规模迅速扩大、学生流向地在保持集中的同时逐渐趋于多元化和留学生教育走向市场化的主要发展趋势。在WTO规则下,作为国际教育服务贸易最主要的形式的境外消费,留学生教育已成为世界公认的新兴产业和新的经济增长点。我国应把握国际留学生教育市场化趋势,高度重视留学生教育服务产业对推动经济发展的重要意义,着力提升高等教育水平,以优质的高等教育产品和服务参与国际留学生教育市场竞争,从而实现来华留学生教育健康、持续地发展。 相似文献
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The article compares how the success of the ‘Asian Tiger’ countries in PISA, especially PISA 2009, was depicted in the media discussion in Australia, Germany and South Korea. It argues that even in the times of today's ‘globalised education policy field’, local factors are important in determining whether or not a country becomes a reference society for educational reform. The article aims to uncover some of these factors, identifying the globally disseminated stereotypes about Asian education, economic relations and the sense of ‘crisis’ induced through the relative position and change of position in PISA league tables in the countries in question. 相似文献
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国际教育援助是日本对外援助中的一个重要领域。就援助理念来讲,日本认为教育是一项人权,援助教育可以削减发展中国家的贫困和实现人类安全,接收教育援助的同时,发展中国家更应依靠自助。日本对国际教育的具体政策主要是:将基础教育主要作为一项基本人权来看待;对于高等教育,则主要通过援助帮助发展中国家培养经济社会发展的人力资源,且援助的重点从专业技术转向管理。最后,日本国际教育援助的区域重心已向非洲转移。 相似文献
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Futao Huang 《Higher Education》2017,74(3):507-525
Based on case studies of China and Japan, this study undertakes comparative research on major aspects of university curriculum and instruction-teaching activities of academics, their role in curriculum development, and their perceptions of these activities—between a mass and a universal higher education system. Major findings from the APA (Academic Profession in Asia) surveys administered in the two countries in 2011–2012 with a similar questionnaire provide hard data. However, the study also explores other contextual factors and drivers which might have affected the teaching activities undertaken by academics, their involvement in curriculum development, and their views of relevant activities. The paper argues that, although differences can be found in some aspects of the curriculum and instruction and academics’ participation in these activities during the shift from the mass to universal phase of higher education, seen from the two case studies, it is less clear that the differences show the impact of transforming from mass to universal education. The national contextual factors, especially the origins of higher education and ongoing national policies in both countries, appear to play a significant role in how current academics perceived the curriculum development and instruction, and their participation in these activities. More importantly, as fundamental changes do not necessarily occur in all aspects of the curriculum and instruction, as well as the academics’ views across universal and mass higher education systems, Trow’s research can only be partly applied to the analysis of the curriculum and instruction in both countries. 相似文献
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Kalwant Bhopal 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》2016,37(4):501-519
This article will examine Asian women’s experiences of financial support in higher education. The article is based on 30 in-depth interviews with Asian women who were studying at a ‘new’ (post-1992) university in the South East of England. Women identified themselves as Muslim, Hindu and Sikh. The findings reveal that women’s religious and cultural background affects their attitudes towards financial support whilst at university. Through their participation in higher education, women are able to use their social and ethnic capital to enable them to receive financial and other kinds of support necessary for their success in higher education. 相似文献
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我国新建本科院校的设置情况分析及其启示 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
我国高等教育自1999年开始大规模扩招,新建了一大批本科院校,其数量已达到普通本科高校数量的1/3,成为我国高等教育的重要组成部分。系统地回顾我国新建本科院校的设置进度、科类结构与区域分布等情况后,对其进行了较全面的分析总结,并为今后的发展提出了若干建议。 相似文献
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Recent comparative education policy studies show that even though there seems to be similar patterns and trends in higher education reforms in East Asian societies, the recently initiated higher education reforms have had very diverse agendas. Thus, the considerable convergence of policy rhetoric and general policy objectives may not satisfactorily explain the complicated processes of changes and the dynamic interactions between global, regional and local forces that shape education policy-making in individual countries. This article discusses globalization effects on national policy, with particular reference to how the higher education sector in Taiwan has transformed itself under the global tide of marketization and decentralization. There are a lot of changes similar to both higher education in Taiwan and that of elsewhere, which suggests that Taiwan's higher education has been affected by the trends of globalization. But before we jump to this conclusion, maybe we should also bear in mind an alternative hypothesis that local factors are crucial and determining factors for change. The core of the article is to examine the ways and strategies the Taiwan Government has adopted to reform its higher education systems in response to the changing local socio-economic political context and regional-global environments, with a particular focus on provision, regulation and financing. 相似文献
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接收国际学生留学是高等教育国际化的核心内容之一.21世纪高等教育高度发达的美国在吸引国际学生留学方面呈现出一些新趋势和新动向:国际学生人数从缓慢下降到迅速增长;国际学生来源国此消彼长,亚洲新兴经济体成为主体;国际学生学习专业顺应时代潮流,外语学习恢复增长;国际学生学习机构选择趋向稳定,实力与规模存在矛盾;国际学生学费来源比例基本稳定,资助理念发生变化.面临新世纪的挑战,美国的高等教育国际化已经被视为国家战略,大力推进国际学生赴美留学成为实施国家战略的重要途径之一. 相似文献
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Previous studies have shown that women’s education increases infant survival with a magnitude that varies along methodological designs. Besides, the causal chain from women’s education to infant survival has so far remained largely unknown. This cross-country study investigates the relationship between women’s education and infant survival in 95 low- and middle-income countries using a comprehensive set of mediating and control variables. The article applies structural equation modelling on aggregate data, which were produced by the UN, UNESCO, UNICEF and the World Bank. The independent variables are from 2000 to 2009, and the dependent variable, infant mortality, is from 2018. The models are adjusted for income level, population size and extreme epidemic or political instabilities. Structural equation modelling is an advantageous method to specify how women’s education affects infant survival explicitly through the indirect influences of an enhanced child health provision and through an increased reproductive autonomy for women. Overall, women’s education is an equally important variable with poverty alleviation and women’s reproductive autonomy in explaining the cross-country variation in infant survival. The models, taking into account key child health policies, provide new evidence on how women’s education is mediated to better infant survival in low- and middle-income countries. 相似文献
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严佳代 《宁波大学学报(教育科学版)》2019,(6):24-032
海洋教育经过50多年的发展,在2010年公布《海洋素养范畴与K-12年级内涵》报告后,海洋教育正式进入海洋素养时代,加上2017年联合国教科文组织确定以海洋素养为主的海洋教育方针,引领全球海洋教育者对于海洋素养研究的趋势,也带动海洋教育的快速发展。亚洲海洋教育者协会自2015年在日本东京成立以来,陆续举办了三届海洋教育研讨会,同时也建立一个海洋教育交流的平台,该协会除了搭起亚洲海洋教育者的交流外,在交流过程中体现出多元的海洋教育内涵,第三届亚洲海洋教育者研讨会,成为带动未来亚洲海洋教育发展的契机。文章通过汇整国际海洋教育者社群的发展、海洋素养架构发展、海洋素养评量以及海洋教育内涵四个部分,以文献回顾的方式探讨亚洲海洋教育合作与发展契机,以期让人们更进一步了解海洋教育过去与现况,共同推动和发展未来的海洋教育。 相似文献
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近来中日韩三国的高等教育改革之所以有意无意地参照美国之先例,除了世界各国共有的理由之外,也与三国独特的历史经验不无关系.美国高等教育自19世纪即向东亚移植,在第二次世界大战以前对中国有较为突出的影响,而对朝鲜半岛和日本的影响未能上升至制度层面;战后美国模式被大举引入日韩两国,影响极为深远,而在中国却因苏联模式的引入而式微.尽管美国高等教育模式在三国的遭遇各不相同,但它的移植及其变种,都深刻地影响着三国的高等教育改革. 相似文献