共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 609 毫秒
1.
The purpose of this study was to isolate and characterize endophytic fungi from the stem tissue which can produce fragrant
ingredients in Aquilaria sinensis (also called agarwood) to determine their antitumor and antimicrobial activities. Twenty-eight fungal endophytes were isolated
from agarwood by strict sterile sample preparation and were classified into 14 genera and 4 taxonomic classes (Sordariomycetes,
Dothideomycetes, Saccharomycetes, and Zygomycetes) based on molecular identification. Of the 28 isolates, 13 (46.4%) showed
antimicrobial activity against at least one of the test strains by the agar well diffusion method, and 23 isolates (82.1%)
displayed antitumor activity against at least one of five cancer cell lines by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium
bromide (MTT) assay. The diameters of inhibition zones of YNAS07, YNAS14, HNAS04, HNAS05, HNAS08, and HNAS11 were equal to
or higher than 14.0 mm against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, B. subtilis, Aspergillus fumigatus, and B. subtilis, respectively. The inhibition rates of YNAS06, YNAS08, and HNAS06 were not less than 60% to 293-T, 293-T, and SKVO3 cells,
respectively. These results suggest that the endophytic fungi associated with agarwood will provide us with not only useful
micro-ecological information, but also potential antimicrobial and antitumor agents. 相似文献
2.
广州城区居民食用蔬菜重金属含量现状分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
秦文淑 《广东轻工职业技术学院学报》2010,9(4):17-21
通过对广州城区各居民菜场主要蔬菜进行采样,分析其中的Pb,Cd,Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn重金属含量水平,结果显示,Pb、Cr、Cd为广州市蔬菜的主要污染元素,其超标率分别达到22.2%、38.9%和13.9%。根茎类蔬菜的污染程度大于叶菜类和瓜果类。利用单因子污染指数法进行了评价,发现广州市蔬菜的污染比例在50%以上,其中28.9%为轻度污染。Cr与Zn、Cu之间存在极显著相关性,Cu、Zn之间存在显著相关性。 相似文献
3.
苏州河底泥重金属形态分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Nine elements （As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn） in sediment samples at 7 sites （Site 1-7） from Suzhou Creek in Shanghai were analyzed with the Community Bareau of Reference （BCR） （sequential extraction （SE）） protocol and simultaneously extracted metals （SEM）/acid volatile sulfide （AVS） procedure to assess the metal bioavailability and toxicology in this area. The results showed that the BCR extraction can be utilized as an additional tool with the AVS method for assessing the potential bioavailability and toxicity of metals in sediments. Pollution from S5 （Site 5） was more severe than from other sites, especially Pb, Cu and Zn. Among all the sites, more than 80% of the total concentration of Fe existed in the residual fraction, As, Cr, Mn also dominated in the residual fraction （more than 50%）. While Cd, Ni and Zn （more than 35%） were mainly in the non-stable phase. Cu had a strong affinity with oxidizable phase and Pb varied from site to site. The SEM/AVS ratio was less than one in these sediments and results implied that the majority of Zn and Ni （〉 40%） were bound to AVS. In contrast, Pb, Cu and Cd were little bound to AVS due to their low ration of SEM-Pb, Cu, Cd to corresponding total concentration and relatively high Dorewater concentration. 相似文献
4.
Genotypic and environmental variation in cadmium, chromium, arsenic, nickel, and lead concentrations in rice grains 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Genotypic and environmental variation in Cd, Cr, As, Ni and Pb concentrations of grains, and the relationships between these heavy metals and Fe, Zn were investigated using 9 rice genotypes grown in 6 locations for two successive years. Significant genotypic variation was detected in the five heavy metal concentrations in grains, indicating the possibility to reduce the concentration of these heavy metals in grains through breeding approach. The environmental effect varied with metal, with Pb and Ni having greater variation than the other three metals. There was significant genotype-environment （location） interaction of the concentrations of all five heavy metals in grains, suggesting the importance of cultivar choice in producing rice with low heavy metal concentrations in grains for a given location. Correlation analysis showed that Cd and As, Cr and Ni, and As and Pb concentrations in rice grains were closely associated, and that Ni concentration in grains was negatively correlated with Zn concentration. 相似文献
5.
Objective： A series of 2-benzylideneaminonaphthothiazoles were designed and synthesized incorporating the lipophilic naphthalene ring to render them more capable of penetrating various biomembranes. Methods： Schiff bases were synthesized by the reaction of naphtha[1,2-d]thiazol-2-amine with various substituted aromatic aldehydes. 2-（2＇-Hydroxy）ben- zylideneaminonaphthothiazole was converted to its Co（Ⅱ）, Ni（Ⅱ） and Cu（Ⅱ） metal complexes upon treatment with metal salts in ethanol. All the compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activities by paper disc diffusion method with Gram positive Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis and Gram negative Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of all the Schiff bases and metal complexes were determined by agar streak dilution method. Results： All the compounds moderately inhibited the growth of Cram positive and Gram negative bacteria. In the present study among all Schiff bases 2-（2＇-hydroxy）benzylideneaminonaphthothiazole showed maximum inhibitory activity and among metal complexes Cu（Ⅱ） metal complex was found to be most potent. Conclusion： The results obtained validate the hypothesis that Schiff bases having substitution with halogens, hydroxyl group and nitro group at phenyl ring are required for the antibacterial activity while methoxy group at different positions in the aromatic ring has minimal role in the inhibitory activity. The results also indicated that the metal complexes are better antibacterial agents as compared to the Schiff bases. 相似文献
6.
Cr(VI) and phenol are toxic contaminants that need to be treated, and different methods have been researched to simultaneously remove these two contaminants from industrial wastewater. In this study, Cr(VI) was used as a novel Fenton-like catalyst in phenol degradation by H2O2. In the pH range of 3.0‒11.0, the degradation efficiency of phenol decreased with elevated pH. At pH = 3.0, 100 mg/L phenol was effectively degraded by 2 mmol/L Cr(VI) and 20 mmol/L H2O2. At pH = 7.0 and the same conditions as those of pH = 3.0, 79% of 100 mg/L phenol was removed within 6 h, which was an improvement in pH limitation compared with the Fe(II)-mediated Fenton reaction. Quenching experiments indicated that ·OH generated from the catalysis of H2O2 by Cr(V) instead of Cr(VI) was the primary oxidant that degraded phenol. When pyrophosphate was added in the Cr(VI)/H2O2 system, complexes with the Cr(V) intermediate rapidly formed and inhibited H2O2 decomposition, implying that the decomposition of H2O2 to ·OH was catalyzed by Cr(V) instead of Cr(VI). The presence of anions such as chloride and sulfate had insignificant effect on the degradation of phenol. TOC and UV analyses suggest that phenol could not be completely oxidized to CO2 and H2O, and the intermediates identified by high performance liquid chromatography further indicates that maleic acid and benzoquinone were intermediates which may be further degraded into short chain acids, primarily maleic, formic, acetic, and oxalic acids, and eventually into CO2 and H2O. Considering that more than 50% Cr(VI) can also be removed during this process, the Cr(VI)/H2O2 system is more appropriate for the simultaneous removal of Cr(VI) and phenol contaminants from industrial wastewater.
相似文献7.
Lin Tang Wei-jun Luo Zhen-li He Hanumanth Kumar Gurajala Yasir Hamid Kiran Yasmin Khan Xiao-e Yang 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2018,19(2):147-158
Vegetables are important constituents of the human diet. Heavy metals and nitrate are among the major contaminants of vegetables. Consumption of vegetables and fruits with accumulated heavy metals and nitrate has the potential to damage different body organs leading to unwanted effects. Breeding vegetables with low heavy metal and nitrate contaminants is a cost-effective approach. We investigated 38 water spinach genotypes for low Cd and nitrate co-accumulation. Four genotypes, i.e. JXDY, GZQL, XGDB, and B888, were found to have low co-accumulation of Cd (<0.71 mg/kg dry weight) and nitrate (<3100 mg/kg fresh weight) in the edible parts when grown in soils with moderate contamination of both Cd (1.10 mg/kg) and nitrate (235.2 mg/kg). These genotypes should be appropriate with minimized risk to humans who consume them. The Cd levels in the edible parts of water spinach were positively correlated with the concentration of Pb or Zn, but Cd, Pb, or Zn was negatively correlated with P concentration. These results indicate that these three heavy metals may be absorbed into the plant in similar proportions or in combination, minimizing the influx to aerial parts. Increasing P fertilizer application rates appears to prevent heavy metal and nitrate translocation to shoot tissues and the edible parts of water spinach on co-contaminated soils. 相似文献
8.
以调查宿州市土壤的重金属污染状况数据为基础,按照有关标准和方法,对宿州市土壤重金属潜在生态风险进行了评价.结果表明:宿州市土壤中Cu,Zn,Cr,Cd,Hg,Pb,As 7种重金属含量都存在着一定幅度的变化,矿区土壤单因子污染指数Hg,Cr为重度污染、Cd,As轻度污染水平,耕地除Hg,Cr有部分超标外,其他重金属含量均达标;28.57%的土壤属于安全等级,32.86%的土壤属于警戒线,7.14%的土壤属于轻污染,2.86%的土壤属于中污染,28.57%的土壤属于重污染;67.14%的土壤属于低风险等级,5.71%的土壤属于中等风险等级,强风险等级土壤占15.72%,很强风险等级土壤占11.43%,而属于强风险、很强风险等级土壤都是矿区土壤,耕地均属于低风险等级;土壤中7种重金属对污染的贡献大小顺序为:Hg>Cr>Cd>As>Cu>Zn>Pb. 相似文献
9.
Immobilization of heavy metals in sludge using phosphoric acid and monobasic calcium phosphate 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The purpose of this research is to investigate the potential of pre-treatment with phosphoric acid(PA) and monobasic calcium phosphate(MCP) for the stabilization of heavy metals in sludge and its bottom ash.The tannery sludge samples were collected in Wenzhou,China and heavily contaminated with heavy metals,such as Pb,Cr and so on.The samples were pre-treated with PA or MCP.Then XRD and TCLP tests were adopted as the evaluating methods to characterize the Pb,Cr,Cu,Zn and Cd immobilization in the pre-treated sludge and its bottom ash.The results showed that this treatment effectively immobilized Pb and Cd in the sludge,lightly stabilized the metal Cu,and adversely,enhanced the leachability of Zn.After incineration at 900℃,Pb and Cr in the bottom ash of pre-treated sludge were significantly stabilized due to the formation of their highly thermostable phosphates and pyromorphite-like minerals during the incineration process.However,an increase of Cu and Zn solubility was observed which might be attributable to the acidification of sludge due to the addition of PA or MCP. 相似文献
10.
ZHANG Ming-kui ZHENG Shun-an 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2007,8(11):1808-1815
Soils can often be contaminated simultaneously by more than one heavy metal. The sorption-desorption behavior of a metal in a soil will be affected by the presence of other metals. Therefore, selective retention and competitive adsorption of the soils to heavy metals can affect their availability and movement through the soils. In this study, the simultaneous competitive adsorption of four heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Hg, and Pb) on ten agricultural soils collected from the Changjiang and Zhujiang deltas, China was assessed. The results showed that the competition affected the behavior of heavy metal cations in such a way that the soils adsorbed less Cd and Hg, and more Pb and Cu with increasing total metal concentrations, regardless of the molar concen- tration applied. As the applied concentrations increased, Pb and Cu adsorption increased, while Cd and Hg adsorption decreased. The adsorption sequence most found was Pb>Cu>Hg>Cd. The maximum adsorption capacity for the heavy metal cations was calculated, and affected markedly by soil properties. The results suggest that Hg and Cd have higher mobility associated to the lower adsorption and that Pb and Cu present the opposite behavior. Significant correlations were found between the maximum adsorption capacity of the metals and pH value and exchangeable acid, suggesting that soil pH and exchangeable acid were key factors controlling the solubility and mobility of the metals in the agricultural soils. 相似文献
11.
对莆田市郊区蔬菜地土壤中pH值和有机质、Pb、Cd、Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn的含量进行了测定,结果表明,莆田市郊区蔬菜地土壤重金属含量在地区内及地区间的差异较大,Ni、Cu平均含量以新度镇较高,Pb、Cd平均含量以镇海、拱辰办较高,Cr、Zn平均含量以黄石镇较高,各地区重金属元素受地区影响显著性排序为Zn>Cr>Cd>Pb>Cu>Ni。相关性分析表明,莆田市郊区蔬菜地土壤中部分重金属元素以及有机质间存在一定的相关性。所有样本中6种重金属均没有超过GB15618-1995二级标准值,但与福建省水稻土背景值比较,均有不同程度超背景值现象,其中Cr、Cu、Ni超背景值率较高,富集较明显。 相似文献
12.
对香蕉园土壤与灌溉水添加Cd、Hg、As、Pb、cr、cu重金属元素,研究该重金元素对香蕉生长影响,以及香蕉叶片对该重金元素的富集能力。结果表明：当重金属的浓度累集到一定值时,会对香蕉的生长发育产生抑制作用,浓度太高会造成香蕉的生长停滞甚至死亡。随着土壤中Pb、Cd、As、Hg、cr、Cu重金属含量的增加,香蕉叶片中富集的重金属含量和富集系数表现为正相关的递增,香蕉叶片富集系数为Cr〉Cd〉Hg〉As〉Cu〉Pb,重金属的添加量与香蕉叶片体内含量的相关系数（r）分别为0．9630～0．9994、0．9128～0．9983。 相似文献
13.
Jia Y Tang SR Ju XH Shu LN Tu SX Feng RW Giusti L 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2011,12(4):313-325
This study was conducted to investigate the combined effects of elevated CO2 levels and cadmium (Cd) on the root morphological traits and Cd accumulation in Lolium multiflorum Lam. and Lolium perenne L. exposed to two CO2 levels (360 and 1 000 μl/L) and three Cd levels (0, 4, and 16 mg/L) under hydroponic conditions. The results show that elevated
levels of CO2 increased shoot biomass more, compared to root biomass, but decreased Cd concentrations in all plant tissues. Cd exposure
caused toxicity to both Lolium species, as shown by the restrictions of the root morphological parameters including root length, surface area, volume, and
tip numbers. These parameters were significantly higher under elevated levels of CO2 than under ambient CO2, especially for the number of fine roots. The increases in magnitudes of those parameters triggered by elevated levels of
CO2 under Cd stress were more than those under non-Cd stress, suggesting an ameliorated Cd stress under elevated levels of CO2. The total Cd uptake per pot, calculated on the basis of biomass, was significantly greater under elevated levels of CO2 than under ambient CO2. Ameliorated Cd toxicity, decreased Cd concentration, and altered root morphological traits in both Lolium species under elevated levels of CO2 may have implications in food safety and phytoremediation. 相似文献
14.
Xuan HAN Cheng-feng LIANG Ting-qiang LI Kai WANG Hua-gang HUANG Xiao-e YANG 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2013,14(7):640-649
The simultaneous sorption behavior and characteristics of cadmium (Cd) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) on rice straw biochar were investigated. Isotherms of Cd and SMX were well modeled by the Langmuir equation (R2 >0.95). The calculated maximum adsorption parameter (Q) of Cd was similar in single and binary systems (34129.69 and 35919.54 mg/kg, respectively). However, the Q of SMX in a binary system (9182.74 mg/kg) was much higher than that in a single system (1827.82 mg/kg). The presence of Cd significantly promoted the sorption of SMX on rice straw biochar. When the pH ranged from 3 to 7.5, the sorption of Cd had the characteristics of a parabola pattern with maximum adsorption at pH 5, while the adsorption quantity of SMX decreased with increasing pH, with maximum adsorption at pH 3. The amount of SMX adsorbed on biochar was positively correlated with the surface area of the biochar, and the maximum adsorption occurred with d 250 biochar (biochar with a diameter of 150-250 μm). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that the removal of Cd and SMX by rice straw biochar may be attributed to precipitation and the formation of surface complexes between Cd or SMX and carboxyl or hydroxyl groups. The results of this study indicate that rice straw biochar has the potential for simultaneous removal of Cd and SMX from co-contaminated water. 相似文献
15.
以宿州煤矿区为例,通过现场采样和室内试验测定,探讨了土壤-豆类作物系统中重金属元素Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cd和Mn的含量特征及富集状况,并利用潜在生态风险指数和健康风险模型对土壤及农作物的安全风险水平进行了评估,结果表明:矿区农田土壤中Cd严重超标,导致土壤潜在生态风险达到强等级程度;豆类作物对土壤中各重金属元素的富集系数依次为ZnCuCdMnPbCr,大豆与绿豆相比,更易于吸收Cu、Pb、Cd和Mn,而对Zn和Cr的富集能力稍弱;两种日均摄食量情境下,豆类作物的重金属致癌危害风险以Cr最高,风险值超出ICRP和USEPA的最大可接受风险水平,而非致癌危害风险以Cu最高,风险值高于HCEPD的可忽略风险水平。 相似文献
16.
A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to study the effect of copper as cupric sulfate (CuSO4.5H2O), and lead as lead acetate (Pb (OAc)2) on the size of the microbial biomass in red soil. The metals were applied, separately at six different levels: Cu at 50,
100, 200, 300, 400, and 600 μg·g−1 soil and Pb at 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 μg·g−1 soil. In comparison to uncontaminated soil, the microbial biomass carbon (Cmic) and biomass nitrogen (Nmic) decreased sharply in soils contaminated with Cu and Pb. The microbial biomass C:N ratio in the metal contaminated soil was
observed to be considerably higher than that in untreated control. Between the two tested metals, Cu displayed greater biocidal
effect on microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen than Pb, showing their relative toxicity in the order: Cu≫Pb.
Project (No. 49671050) supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.
Wa’el Mohamad—Former Ph. D. Student of Zhejiang University and is working in Ministry Of Agriculture (P. O. box. 2099), Amman,
Jordan. 相似文献
17.
Daqing Wetland was contaminated by heavy metals for holding lots of industrial and domestic waste water. Due to their high stability and non-degradation, heavy metals are possible to gather in human body through the food chain and then threaten health. Water samples were collected from Longfeng Wetland and lake marshes in the vicinity of Daqing City. The contents of heavy metals （Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni） were determined, and the contamination degrees were evaluated simultaneously. The results indicate that heavy metals of Zn, Ni, Cd, Cr and Pd have contaminated the Longfeng Wetland severely. In addition the concentrations of Cr and Cd in some lakes around oil wells are excessively high, and have overrun the grade V based on the threshold values of surface water given by the National Environmental Protection Agency of China. Some measures have to be taken to tackle heavy metal contamination of Longfeng Wetland and lake marshes in Daqing City. 相似文献
18.
Studies on characteristics of nanostructure of N-TiO2 thin films and photo-bactericidal action 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain （AS 1.50） and Bacillus subtilis strain （AS 1.439） from Ming lake were decomposed by photocatalytic nanostructure N-TiO2 thin films in a photo-reactor under UV irradiation. The different thickness nanostructure N-TiO2 thin films coated on mesh grid were prepared by sol-gel method and immobilized at 500 ℃ （films A） or 350 ℃ （films B） for 1 h in a muffle furnace. The results showed that N-TiO2 thin film B （8.18 nm thickness, 2.760 nm height and 25.15 nm diameter） has more uniform granular nanostructure and thinner flat texture than N-TiO2 thin film A （12.17 nm thickness, 3.578 nm height and 27.50 nm diameter）. The bactericidal action of N-TiO2 thin film A and film B for Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain （AS 1.50） and Bacillus subtilis varniger strain （AS1.439） were investigated in this work. More than 95% of photocatalytic bactericidal efficiency for Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain （AS 1.50） and 75% for Bacillus subtilis strain （AS 1.439） were achieved by using N-TiO2 thin films-B for 70-80 rain of irradiation during the photo-bactericidal experimental process. The results indicated that the photo-induced bactericidal efficiency of N-TiO2 thin films probably depended on the characteristics of the films. 相似文献
19.
20.
Xue Wang Liang-fei Zhan Qian-gang Pan Zhi-jun Liu Hong Liu Yong-shun Tao 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2010,11(10):756-760
A 9% Cr ferritic steel weld metal containing 1% Co, partially substituted for nickel, was prepared by submerged arc welding (SAW) processing. The microstructure and creep properties of the weld metal were investigated. The microstructure exhibited a fully tempered martensitic structure free of δ-ferrite. The creep properties of the obtained weld metal were inferior to those of the P92 base metal at 600 and 650 °C. The values of A and n for weld metal in the Norton power law constitution at 650 °C are 1.1×10?21 and 8.1, respectively. 相似文献