共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
ABSTRACTWhen learning swinging skills on a bar there has been conflicting advice in the research literature regarding whether to coach the “gold standard” technique to novices. The present study aimed to determine how technique (joint angle time histories) and (inter-limb) coordination changed as novice gymnasts learned a fundamental gymnastics skill (the upstart). It was hypothesised that both technique and coordination would become more like an expert as learning progressed. Eight novice gymnasts, unable to perform an upstart, underwent four months of training, with the number of successful upstarts out of 10 recorded at the start and then every month subsequently. In the first and last sessions motion capture was used to determine joint kinematics. Root mean squared differences for the joint angle time histories and continuous relative phase at the shoulder and hip were calculated between the novices and an expert gymnast. As training progressed technique and coordination became more like the expert gymnast. The more successful novices were better able to time their actions within the swing than the less successful novices. Gymnastics coaches teach towards a “gold standard” technique since being successful at the skill is not the only goal, as considerations for future skill development are made. 相似文献
2.
Michelle L. Manning Gareth Irwin Marianne J. R. Gittoes David G. Kerwin 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(3):161-173
Tkachev on uneven bars is a release and re-grasp skill performed using variations of preparatory longswing techniques; the reasons why different techniques are chosen remains unclear. This study examined kinematic and key release parameters specific to three distinct techniques with the aim of understanding the relative benefits of each. During two international artistic gymnastics competitions six arch, straddle and pike longswings preceding the straddle Tkachev were recorded using twin video cameras. Calibration and movement images were digitised and reconstructed using 3D DLT. Shoulder and hip angular kinematics, angular momentum and key release parameters were compared between techniques. In the arch longswing, the first and second hip functional phases began significantly earlier than the straddle or pike. No significant differences were established for release parameters although large effect sizes for horizontal release velocity and angular momenta about the mass centre and bar were reported between the arch and other two variants. Therefore, the arch variant may provide the opportunity to develop more complex combinations following the Tkachev. Providing insight into mechanical advantages of specific longswing techniques, and highlighting those that elicit desirable characteristics offers the potential to provide coaches with objective data on technique selection and ultimately skill development. 相似文献
3.
Manning ML Irwin G Gittoes MJ Kerwin DG 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2011,10(3):161-173
Tkachev on uneven bars is a release and re-grasp skill performed using variations of preparatory longswing techniques; the reasons why different techniques are chosen remains unclear. This study examined kinematic and key release parameters specific to three distinct techniques with the aim of understanding the relative benefits of each. During two international artistic gymnastics competitions six arch, straddle and pike longswings preceding the straddle Tkachev were recorded using twin video cameras. Calibration and movement images were digitised and reconstructed using 3D DLT. Shoulder and hip angular kinematics, angular momentum and key release parameters were compared between techniques. In the arch longswing, the first and second hip functional phases began significantly earlier than the straddle or pike. No significant differences were established for release parameters although large effect sizes for horizontal release velocity and angular momenta about the mass centre and bar were reported between the arch and other two variants. Therefore, the arch variant may provide the opportunity to develop more complex combinations following the Tkachev. Providing insight into mechanical advantages of specific longswing techniques, and highlighting those that elicit desirable characteristics offers the potential to provide coaches with objective data on technique selection and ultimately skill development. 相似文献
4.
中级前期女子体操运动员上肢力量发展状况的研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文采用美国产 Cybex 等动测力系统对 1 5名中级前期女子体操运动员的肩关节、肘关节屈伸力量进行了测定 ,并与完成动作的评分进行相关研究。结果显示 :实验对象的上肢力量发展水平较低 ;肩关节最大力量在快、慢 2种运动方式下的伸值、相对力量在慢速运动方式下的屈伸值和快速运动方式下的伸值以及肘关节最大力量在快速运动方式下的屈值、相对力量在慢速运动方式下的屈值与运动员完成动作评分显著相关 相似文献
5.
Irwin G Kerwin DG 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2007,6(3):361-374
Kinetic analyses of the chalked bar longswing on high bar and its associated progressions were used to explain musculoskeletal contributions during the performance of these skills. Data on four international male gymnasts performing three series of chalked bar longswings and eight progressions were recorded. Customized body segment inertia parameters, two-dimensional kinematics (50 Hz), and bar forces (1000 Hz) were used as input to inverse dynamic modelling. The analysis focused on the relative contributions of the knees, hips, and shoulders with root mean squared differences between the chalked bar longswing and the progressions being used to rank the progressions. Seventy per cent of the total work occurred between 200 degrees and 240 degrees of angular rotation in the longswing, 67% of which was contributed by the shoulders. The shoulders were also dominant in all progressions, with the largest such contribution occurring in the looped bar longswing with "no action". The least similar progression was the looped bar pendulum swing, while the most similar was the chalked bar bent knee longswing. This study provides a useful means for ranking progressions based on their kinetic similarity to the chalked bar longswing and builds on earlier research in identifying that progressions can be classified into those similar in physical demand (kinetics) and those similar in geometry (kinematics). 相似文献
6.
Gareth Irwin Timothy A. Exell Michelle L. Manning David G. Kerwin 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(6):610-616
Understanding the technical requirements and underlying biomechanics of complex release and re-grasp skills on high bar allows coaches and scientists to develop safe and effective training programmes. The aim of this study was to examine the differences in the functional phases between the Tkatchev and Kovacs skills and to explain how the angular momentum demands are addressed. Images of 18 gymnasts performing 10 Tkatchevs and 8 Kovacs at the Olympic Games were recorded (50 Hz), digitised and reconstructed (3D Direct Linear Transformation). Orientation of the functional phase action, defined by the rapid flexion to extension of the shoulders and extension to flexion of the hips as the performer passed through the lower vertical, along with shoulder and hip angular kinematics, angular momentum and key release parameters (body angle, mass centre velocity and angular momentum about the mass centre and bar) were compared between skills. Expected differences in the release parameters of angle, angular momentum and velocity were observed and the specific mechanical requirement of each skill were highlighted. Whilst there were no differences in joint kinematics, hip and shoulder functional phase were significantly earlier in the circle for the Tkatchev. These findings highlight the importance of the orientation of the functional phase in the preceding giant swing and provide coaches with further understanding of the critical timing in this key phase. 相似文献
7.
Gareth Irwin David G. Kerwin 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(3):361-374
Kinetic analyses of the chalked bar longswing on high bar and its associated progressions were used to explain musculoskeletal contributions during the performance of these skills. Data on four international male gymnasts performing three series of chalked bar longswings and eight progressions were recorded. Customized body segment inertia parameters, two-dimensional kinematics (50 Hz), and bar forces (1000 Hz) were used as input to inverse dynamic modelling. The analysis focused on the relative contributions of the knees, hips, and shoulders with root mean squared differences between the chalked bar longswing and the progressions being used to rank the progressions. Seventy per cent of the total work occurred between 200° and 240° of angular rotation in the longswing, 67% of which was contributed by the shoulders. The shoulders were also dominant in all progressions, with the largest such contribution occurring in the looped bar longswing with “no action”. The least similar progression was the looped bar pendulum swing, while the most similar was the chalked bar bent knee longswing. This study provides a useful means for ranking progressions based on their kinetic similarity to the chalked bar longswing and builds on earlier research in identifying that progressions can be classified into those similar in physical demand (kinetics) and those similar in geometry (kinematics). 相似文献
8.
踺子转体180°前手翻前空翻类动作是跳马项目近几年开发的一类高难度动作,从当前发展情况看,此类动作发展的潜力很大,已经成为新的潮流动作。我国女子优秀跳马运动员程菲能较好完成踺子转体180°前手翻转体180°直体前空翻的高难前沿动作,研究她完成此动作的运动学规律及主要技术特点,旨在为其今后发展此类动作的更高难度提供运动学参数,同时对有条件发展此类动作的运动员也具有理论和实际运用价值。 相似文献
9.
Irwin G Kerwin DG 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2005,4(2):163-178
Based on specificity of training and biomechanical analysis, the aim of this study was to develop a method to rank selected progressions for learning the longswing on high bar. Four members of the Men's National Gymnastics Squad were recorded (50 Hz) performing three series of five longswings and eight progressions. Real world co-ordinates from the digitized data were determined using two-dimensional direct linear transformation. Biomechanical similarity between the functional phases of the longswing and the corresponding phases of the progressions were calculated. The functional phases were described as a hyperextension to flexion of the hip and hyperflexion to extension of the shoulder joints as the gymnast passed underneath the bar. Using a combined score of 'Difference' and movement 'Variability' a 'Specificity score' was calculated for hip and shoulder angular displacements and velocities. An overall score based on the average of the four scores provided a ranked list of progressions based on their similarity to the target skill. The progression that showed the greatest similarity to the biomechanics of the longswing, and was therefore ranked first, was the chalked bar pendulum swing. The least similar progression, and, therefore, eighth ranked, was the chalked bar bent knee longswing. The hip kinematics were found to contribute most to the overall differences because the performance requirements of these progressions emphasize an increase in hip flexion during the ascending phase. The method described provides a means to quantify and rank progressions based on their kinematic similarity to the longswing. 相似文献
10.
Pérez-Soriano P Llana-Belloch S Morey-Klapsing G Perez-Turpin JA Cortell-Tormo JM van den Tillaar R 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2010,9(4):245-257
Shock absorption and stability during landings is provided by both, gymnast ability and mat properties. The aims of this study were to determine the influence of different mat constructions on their energy absorption and stability capabilities, and to analyse how these properties affect gymnast's plantar pressures as well as subjective mat perception during landing. Six mats were tested using a standard mechanical drop test. In addition, plantar pressures and subjective perception during landing were obtained from 15 expert gymnasts. The different mats influenced plantar pressures and gymnasts' subjective perception during landing of gymnasts. Significant correlations between plantar pressures at the medial metatarsal and lateral metatarsal zones of the gymnasts' feet with the different shock absorption characteristics of the mats were found. However, subjective perception tests were not able to discriminate mat functionality between the six mats as no significant correlations between the mechanical mat properties with the subjective perception of these properties were found. This study demonstrated that plantar pressures are a useful tool for discriminating different landing mats. Using similar approaches, ideally including kinematics as well, could help us in our understanding about the influences of different mats upon gymnast-mat interaction. 相似文献
11.
Pedro Pérez-Soriano Salvador Llana-Belloch Gaspar Morey-Klapsing Jose Antonio Perez-Turpin Juan Manuel Cortell-Tormo 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(4):245-257
Shock absorption and stability during landings is provided by both, gymnast ability and mat properties. The aims of this study were to determine the influence of different mat constructions on their energy absorption and stability capabilities, and to analyse how these properties affect gymnast's plantar pressures as well as subjective mat perception during landing. Six mats were tested using a standard mechanical drop test. In addition, plantar pressures and subjective perception during landing were obtained from 15 expert gymnasts. The different mats influenced plantar pressures and gymnasts' subjective perception during landing of gymnasts. Significant correlations between plantar pressures at the medial metatarsal and lateral metatarsal zones of the gymnasts' feet with the different shock absorption characteristics of the mats were found. However, subjective perception tests were not able to discriminate mat functionality between the six mats as no significant correlations between the mechanical mat properties with the subjective perception of these properties were found. This study demonstrated that plantar pressures are a useful tool for discriminating different landing mats. Using similar approaches, ideally including kinematics as well, could help us in our understanding about the influences of different mats upon gymnast-mat interaction. 相似文献
12.
通过运动生物力学分析揭示了我国优秀运动员王湉湉完成的高低杠向后大回环团身后空翻2周转体360°下的运动学规律和技术特点,为我国运动员进一步发展和改进此类动作提供了理论依据及技术参考。 相似文献
13.
以临床疾病创伤性肩关节前方不稳（Traumatic Anterior Shoulder Instability,TASI）者为研究对象,通过研究患肩周围肌肉表面肌电活动与正常肩关节在不同功能性动作中比较来探寻TASI肩周肌肉活动募集的大致特征,为TASI患者选择治疗方案提供理论依据。方法：选取东方医院运动医学科就诊的TASI运动员患者和正常运动员肩关节（CON）对照。肌肉活动采用德国Biovision 16导联肌电图仪进行表面肌电信号采集,执行肩胛平面外展、前屈、后伸,0°和45°外展时内外旋,评价肌肉活动特征。结果：TASI和CON相比,TASI肩周肌肉具有以下特征,胸大肌在中立位内旋活动下降明显,三角肌前束在肩胛平面外展的后半部分范围和前屈的前半部分范围中明显下降,三角肌中束活动在前屈的中间范围活动下降,冈上肌活动在外展起始范围有增加的趋势,其余大多数运动范围均呈现下降趋势。肱二头肌活动在前屈和外旋运动中增加。冈下肌活动性在外旋时下降。前锯肌活动在前屈的后范围活动、内外旋运动中是下降的。结论：（1）增加了TASI发病机制的理解,补充了TASI康复训练和治疗选择依据的基本数据库。（2）TASI肩外展肌群、外旋肌群的工作能力下降,内外旋肌群存在失衡现象,外旋肌群的工作能力下降较明显。（3）TASI肩非手术治疗时可适当考虑前方动力性稳定结构,应加强冈上肌、前锯肌以及外旋肌肉的活动性训练,适当加强三角肌前、中束和内旋肌群的训练。 相似文献
14.
我国高水平艺术体操运动员竞赛焦虑水平对比赛稳定性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过问卷调查和个案分析 ,研究艺术体操运动员焦虑水平对比赛稳定性的影响。结论认为 ,运动员焦虑水平对比赛的稳定性有不同程度的影响 ,低认知焦虑和高位状态自信心有助于比赛稳定性提高 ;运动员参加不同层次比赛 ,焦虑水平有显著差异 ;运动员自信心较认知焦虑和躯体焦虑对比赛有更大影响 相似文献
15.
艺术体操运动员的成功不仅决定于她们的技战术 ,还决定于智力水平 ,而非智力因素对她们能否取得优异成绩也举足轻重。既提高艺术体操运动员的操作思维 ,同时又提高她们的语言思维能力是提高艺术体操运动员智力的明智之举 ;兴趣、意志、情感、动机、性格等是影响艺术体操走向成功之路最重要的非智力因素 相似文献
16.
通过应用超声波动力学测量仪和等速仪器分别对8名青少年女子垒球投手和8名普通中学生肩关节内、外旋活动范围、内外旋肌力进行测量,探讨青少年女子垒球投手肩关节旋转运动特征。发现垒球投手优势臂的外旋活动范围明显大于非优势臂;而其优势臂的内旋活动范围则显著小于非优势臂,优势臂的整个旋转活动范围也明显比非优势臂小;对照组的优势臂和非优势臂旋转活动范围差异无显著性,垒球投手肩关节存在。内、外旋肌力不平衡,实验组优势臂外旋／内旋峰力矩比值明显小于非优势臂,实验组优势臂内旋相对峰力矩明显大于非优势臂（p〈0．001）,优势臂外旋峰力矩与非优势臂相比无明显差异（P〉0．05）。 相似文献
17.
Alexandra Pizzera Carsten Möller Henning Plessner 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2018,89(1):112-119
Gymnastics judges and former gymnasts have been shown to be quite accurate in detecting errors and accurately judging performance. Purpose: The purpose of the current study was to examine if this superior judging performance is reflected in judges’ gaze behavior. Method: Thirty-five judges were asked to judge 21 gymnasts who performed a skill on the vault in a video-based test. Classifying 1 sample on 2 different criteria, judging performance and gaze behavior were compared between judges with a higher license level and judges with a lower license level and between judges who were able to perform the skill (specific motor experience [SME]) and those who were not. Results: The results revealed better judging performance among judges with a higher license level compared with judges with a lower license level and more fixations on the gymnast during the whole skill and the landing phase, specifically on the head and arms of the gymnast. Specific motor experience did not result in any differences in judging performance; however, judges with SME showed similar gaze patterns to those of judges with a high license level, with 1 difference in their increased focus on the gymnasts’ feet. Conclusion: Superior judging performance seems to be reflected in a specific gaze behavior. This gaze behavior appears to partly stem from judges’ own sensorimotor experiences for this skill and reflects the gymnasts’ perspective onto the skill. 相似文献
18.
为研究体操运动员肩关节肌肉力量,采用美国研制的CyBex-6000型测力仪,对我国17名女子体操运动员右肩关节进行屈伸肌群的等动向心收缩测试(60°/s、240°/s)。受试者包括国际健将级4名、国家健将级6名和国家一级7名。比较受试者的肌力水平表明,运动水平高的运动员肩关节肌肉力量较高。本研究获得了不同等级的运动员肩关节屈伸肌群的基础数据,为体操运动员的力量训练及康复医疗提供理论依据。 相似文献
19.
赵汉华 《武汉体育学院学报》2007,41(1):89-92
程菲已成为闻名世界的优秀体操运动员,她在武汉体育学院从事过两年多的初中级体操训练。实践证明,重视思想教育,关心队员学习与生活,扎实抓好全面的、基础的训练内容是培养优秀体操运动员的成功之路。程菲少儿时期的训练特点可为少儿体操运动员的基础训练提供有益的启示。 相似文献
20.