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1.
Elementary school teachers often implement classroom behavioral management systems to address student misbehavior. Common problems targeted by these systems are the inattentive, hyperactive, and impulsive behaviors characteristic of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study examined teachers' attributions for why children display ADHD behaviors, and how such attributions affect their experiences with children in the context of interventions to manage these behaviors. Participants were 32 preservice teachers undertaking a practicum in a summer program for 137 children (Grades 1–3), some of whom had ADHD. Teachers were trained to implement classroom‐wide behavioral management. Teachers' attributions for children's ADHD behaviors were assessed using a vignette measure, before teachers had met their students or begun training on intervention techniques. When controlling for attributions regarding oppositional behavior, teachers' initial attributions for ADHD behaviors as less internal/controllable predicted children reporting more positive relationships with that teacher during the summer program. Teachers' initial attributions for ADHD behaviors as less stable predicted teachers' greater satisfaction with the intervention techniques during the summer program and their greater attunement to children's social networks. Cognitions about the causes of children's ADHD behaviors held by preservice teachers may relate to their subsequent experiences with children in the context of implementing classroom behavioral management. 相似文献
2.
Martine Poirier Michle Dry Jean Toupin Pierrette Verlaan Jean‐Pascal Lemelin Jadzia Jagiellowicz 《Psychology in the schools》2015,52(4):403-418
There is limited empirical research on the correlates of conduct problems (CP) and depression comorbidity during childhood. This study investigated 479 elementary school children (48.2% girls). It compared children with comorbidity to children with CP only, depression only, and control children on individual, academic, social, and family characteristics. The study also analyzed gender differences in the associations between correlates and comorbidity. Multinomial logistic regression results revealed that children with CP and depression had higher levels of anxiety and more school difficulties than children with CP only, more social difficulties and more severe attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms than children with depression only, and more difficulties in all domains than control children. Girls with CP and depression presented a particularly negative profile, including lower school abilities than CP and control girls, and lower social skills and more severe ADHD symptoms than control girls. Implications for evaluation and intervention planning are discussed. 相似文献
3.
多动症是学龄儿童发病率最高的心理行为问题之一.基于学校的综合干预是由临床心理医生、心理教育研究人员、学校教师和家长分工合作,共同参与,主要在学校和家庭实施的,以认知行为辅导为主、药物干预为辅的干预模式.由于充分发挥了医、教两方面的优势,这一模式不仅能有效改善多动症的核心症状,还能对儿童各方面产生了良性引导,并能够建起较... 相似文献
4.
Winai Chatthong Supalak Khemthong Yodchanan Wongsawat 《Mind, Brain, and Education》2020,14(2):104-113
To design a social and emotional learning (SEL) skills training program for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Quantitative electroencephalography was analyzed, focusing on the strengths and weaknesses in the brain mapping performance (BMP) of children. A total of 305 participants with and without ADHD were recruited. Theta relative power was analyzed using stepwise multiple regression. Twelve brain locations were further predicted using a design thinking model to develop a reasonable prototype via crossover methods. Both strengths and weaknesses were found at the T5 and F7 brain regions in the ADHD group. The Fz region was a well‐defined predictor in both groups. The co‐predictors of both groups were F3 and F4. No comparison was suggested to enhance positive performance in either group of children. The SEL program could be designed based on a good‐fit model of the BMP of these subcomponents of primary brain functions. 相似文献
5.
This paper describes daily report cards and the evidence relating to their use in schools for children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This intervention typically involves teachers evaluating a student's behaviour at school against pre‐determined targets and parents subsequently providing reinforcement at home for positive reports. Research suggests that the daily report card has been effective in treating a range of ADHD symptoms and improving school outcomes, including academic achievement in some cases. The daily report card also encourages collaboration between teachers and parents, and evidence suggests that the intervention benefits from the inclusion of reinforcement at home. Daily report cards are easy to implement and research finds that teachers consider them an acceptable intervention for ADHD. This paper also considers challenges in using daily report cards, including barriers to their use over the long‐term and the risk of stigma for children with a report card. Ideas to address these issues are suggested. 相似文献
6.
儿童多动症的成因分析及教育干预措施 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
儿童多动症是以行为障碍为特征的一种综合症,属于儿童期的发展性障碍,以活动过多、注意力缺陷、冲动任性、学习困难以及存在行为问题为主要特征。主要原因在于生理遗传、铅中毒和脑损伤等,也包括家庭教育因素的影响。可从家庭和学校两个方面采取教育干预措施。家庭方面包括：改变教养方式、建立家庭奖励等;学校方面包括：强化消退训练、程序训练和感觉统合训练等。 相似文献
7.
Andrea Berger Uri Alyagon Hadas Hadaya Naama Atzaba‐Poria Judith G. Auerbach 《Child development》2013,84(5):1616-1632
Children participating in the Ben‐Gurion Infant Development Study were assessed with a dynamic‐tracking version of the stop‐signal task at the age of 5 years. The sample consisted of 60 males. Stop‐signal reaction time (SSRT) was correlated with concurrent ratings of the child's attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. Paternal symptoms measured in the child's early infancy predicted the child's performance in the stop‐signal task: Paternal inattentiveness predicted SSRT, whereas hyperactivity predicted error proportion. Maternal symptoms were not correlated with the performance of the child in the task. A subsample of children, who were tested while electrophysiological brain activity was measured, showed that having higher ADHD symptomatology, especially hyperactivity, correlated with less activity in the brain areas that are usually recruited by children for successful inhibition. 相似文献
8.
There is growing interest in the role of emotional competence in middle school children's adjustment and functioning, yet many populations remain underresearched. Few studies have explored the emotional competence, especially emotion understanding, of children with, or at risk of, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and even fewer have examined the role emotion understanding plays in these children's social skills. Our study investigates a profile of the emotion understanding capacities of Israeli boys at risk of ADHD and evaluates its association with their social skills. One hundred and fifty‐two boys (grades 4–6) were each assigned to an at‐risk (n = 66) or comparison (n = 86) group based on their scores on an ADHD symptoms questionnaire (Conners Rating System–Revised). The two groups were matched on age, socioeconomic status and class, and school environment. Group comparisons revealed that relative to their non–at‐risk counterparts, at‐risk boys demonstrated less mature emotion understanding. Finally, our findings indicate that poor emotion understanding plays a more notable role in the social functioning of at‐risk than non–at‐risk children. This study's contribution to the understanding and school treatment of children with ADHD emotional and social competencies is discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
9.
Although attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most heritable psychiatric childhood disorders, social and gene–environment interactions seemingly play an important role in the etiology of ADHD. Consistent with this, this study finds that School-Wide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (SWPBIS) reduced the likelihood of pharmacotherapeutic treatment for ADHD at age 14–16 by 12%, using population-wide Norwegian register data and a difference-in-difference design (N = 698,364, birth cohorts 1990–2002, 48.7% girls, 5.7% immigrant background). At-risk students in schools with high fidelity of implementation are driving these intervention effects. Overall, the findings indicate that children with a genetic disposition for ADHD are more likely to avoid medical treatment in an organized and predictable school setting with a focus on positive reinforcement. 相似文献
10.
Xiangsheng Luo Jialiang Guo Dongwei Li Lu Liu Yanbo Chen Yu Zhu Stuart J. Johnstone Yufeng Wang Yan Song Li Sun 《Child development》2021,92(6):e1186-e1197
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by cognitive deficits associated with attention. Prior studies have revealed the potential impact of ADHD on basic perception and cognitive ability in patients with ADHD. In this study, bilateral posterior P1 and N1 were measured in 122 Chinese children aged 7–12 years (64 with ADHD) to investigate the developmental characteristics of early perception during visual processing in school-age children with ADHD. For children with ADHD, a larger P1 activity with an atypical developmental pattern was evoked and observed for the visual search performance. These findings offer new insights into the mechanisms of cognitive developmental deficits and intervention techniques in children with ADHD. 相似文献
11.
注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的执行功能缺陷理论已在学龄期儿童和青少年中被广泛证明,学龄前是执行功能发展的重要时期,学龄前儿童执行功能与ADHD症状的关系尚存争议。采用元分析的方法整合国内外近十年的文献,探讨学龄前儿童执行功能与ADHD症状的关系,并分析影响因素。通过文献检索,纳入符合要求的文献28篇,共70个有效数据,总样本量6238名。研究结果显示:学龄前儿童执行功能及其子成分均能够显著预测后期的ADHD症状;学龄前儿童执行功能与ADHD症状具有显著相关,进一步的调节效应显示,执行功能测量方式会显著影响执行功能与ADHD症状的关系;抑制控制、工作记忆均与注意缺陷和多动症状显著相关,其中工作记忆与注意缺陷相关度最高。 相似文献
12.
Ursula L. Bailey Elizabeth P. Lorch Richard Milich Richard Charnigo 《Child development》2009,80(6):1842-1855
Changes in visual attention and story comprehension for children (N = 132) with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and comparison peers were examined. Between the ages of 7 and 9 (Phase 1) and approximately 21 months later (Phase 2), children viewed 2 televised stories: 1 in the presence of toys and 1 in their absence. Both groups of children showed developmental increases in visual attention and stable group differences over time. Deficits in comprehension among children with ADHD, however, increased over time. Whereas comparison children’s recall of factual and causal information increased over time in both viewing conditions, children with ADHD showed no developmental improvement in recall of factual information in the toys‐present condition and no improvement in recall of causal relations in either viewing condition. 相似文献
13.
Early childhood education is a developmental period in which early symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can be observed. This work examines the educational background of 206 children, from the ages of three to five years (109 of them with an ADHD diagnosis and 97 without a clinical diagnosis), by analysing 306 reports from their teachers. The aim of this study is to discover if these educational reports reflect differences in academic performance and behaviour between both groups. The 123 educational goals analysed in the reports have been classified into 15 categories. A nonparametric analysis (Chi square) was performed on each variable to compare ADHD/control groups. Our results claim that ADHD children show more difficulties in different curricular and behavioural aspects like attention, self-regulation, independence, motivation, basic learning, social relationships, motor skills and communication. These reports are useful in identifying children who are at risk of developing the disorder and in establishing intervention goals that decrease negative effects in children’s development. 相似文献
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Children who presented behaviours characteristic of attention disorder/hyper‐activity deficit (ADHD), but who were functioning adequately in ordinary schools, were assessed on a range of tests including some focused particularly on cognitive abilities, including verbal and figural aspects of problem solving and creativity. An attempt was made to replicate an earlier study, incorporating refinements to the manner in which pupils were selected from the schools. In spite of cultural differences, the pattern of results substantially duplicated the earlier findings, suggesting a stable pattern of characteristics associated with ADHD and high intelligence. Specifically these children were found to have more mixed laterality and allergies, to gather and use more diverse, nonverbal and poorly focused information, and to show higher figural creativity than did high‐IQ children without attention problems. It was concluded that uncommon information was made use of by ADHD children when exhibiting novelty in nonverbal thinking. This supports Geschwind's prediction that high talent would be found in some types of learning‐disordered individuals. 相似文献
16.
Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were examined on four subtests of the Test of Everyday Attention for Children (TEA‐Ch) when on and off stimulant medication. Performance was assessed relative to 18 individually age‐matched controls. Children with ADHD performed significantly worse on TEA‐Ch measures when off compared to when on stimulant medication. This was found in both predominantly inattentive (n = 6) and combined inattentive and hyperactive‐impulsive (n = 12) subtypes. The age‐matched controls significantly improved with repeated testing on most TEA‐Ch measures. Significant differences were found between the unmedicated children with ADHD and age‐matched controls on sustained attention (Score! and Walk Don’t Walk) and attention control measures (Same and Opposite Worlds). When the ADHD group was on stimulant medication, with the exception of the Walk Don’t Walk subtest, no significant differences were found between them and the age‐matched controls. Unlike the TEA‐Ch subtests, the significant differences between the two groups on the Test of Word Reading Efficiency (TOWRE) subtests remained when attentional status was altered in the children with ADHD. The study supports further investigations of the TEA‐Ch as a measure sensitive to changes in stimulant medication in children with ADHD. 相似文献
17.
研究选取了注意缺损多动障碍（ADHD）儿童38名,正常儿童36名,采用两项选择任务,考察在复杂任务中ADHD儿童的注意稳定性是否落后,以及反馈是否能增强ADHD儿童的注意稳定性。结果发现,（1）注意的稳定性会受到任务难度的影响。在复杂任务中,无反馈的条件下ADHD儿童的注意稳定性与正常儿童没有差异;（2）反馈对正常儿童的注意稳定性起到了积极的促进作用,即在反馈条件下,正常儿童的个体变异性减小,注意稳定性增强;但反馈并没有提高ADHD儿童的注意稳定性;（3）复杂任务中,ADHD儿童的认知加工速度落后于正常儿童。 相似文献
18.
Ruth Gwernan‐Jones Darren A. Moore Ruth Garside Michelle Richardson Jo Thompson‐Coon Morwenna Rogers Paul Cooper Ken Stein Tamsin Ford 《British Journal of Special Education》2015,42(3):279-300
Educational policy and the school effectiveness movement often involve rhetoric about the benefit of parent involvement in schools, but high‐quality relationships between parents and teachers are not always straightforwardly achieved, and this may be particularly true in the case of parents of children presenting with academic problems and/or social, emotional and behavioural difficulties. A systematic review of qualitative research was conducted to explore the school‐related experiences of parents of pupils diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Six studies reported in seven papers met the inclusion criteria. High‐quality parent–teacher relationships were found to be the exception, with mothers feeling silenced and criticised. Findings show commonalities with wider research about parents, but identify additional grounds for conflict resulting from parental blame for pupils' disruptive behaviour, and the ambivalent nature of the concept of ADHD. 相似文献
19.
注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)是一种常见的儿童行为障碍,主要表现为注意力分散、活动过多和冲动行为。本文基于家庭动力学理论,对ADHD的病因、治疗和干预研究现状以及家庭开展的干预措施进行总结,为今后注意缺陷多动障碍儿童在家庭治疗和干预方面提供依据。 相似文献
20.
Paloma Gonzlez‐Castro Marisol Cueli Dbora Areces Celestino Rodríguez Georgios Sideridis 《Learning disabilities research & practice》2016,31(3):142-155
Problem solving represents a salient deficit in students with mathematical learning difficulties (MLD) primarily caused by difficulties with informal and formal mathematical competencies. This study proposes a computerized intervention tool, the integrated dynamic representation (IDR), for enhancing the early learning of basic mathematical competencies and word problem solving skills. The goal was to compare and contrast the effects of IDR on the acquisition of informal and formal mathematical competencies in students with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and MLD. Participants were 216 students (6–9 years), who were classified into three groups: ADHD (n = 72), MLD (n = 82), ADHD and MLD (n = 62). They completed the Test of Early Mathematics Ability (Third Edition). The results showed that all three diagnosed groups improved significantly postintervention in all mathematical competencies, with the MLD‐only group benefiting the most at posttest. 相似文献