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1.
Much of information policy is focused on establishing the parameters of information access—ensuring or limiting access to certain types of information. Given how central information access is to virtually every aspect of society, policy can be seen as one of the most significant forces influencing the information society. Recent events, however, have fueled changes in the ways that some governments use policy to shape access, none more significantly than the United States. This paper examines the meanings of and relationships between policy and access, as well as their key roles in society and democratic participation. Following an examination of the historical and social impacts of policies about access, the article analyzes the perspectives of the Bush administration on how policy should shape information access as an illustration of the relationships between policy and access. The paper examines the issues raised by the Bush administration’s views on access and policy and the implications of their policies for the United States, for the global information society, and for research related to information. Ultimately, the paper raises questions about the extent to which information policies about access can be used for overtly political purposes, what might be described as “information politics,” without significantly altering the meaning of information access in a society. 相似文献
2.
Federal open records laws, executive orders on national security classification, and similar policy instruments in the states require that most records at government agencies be available to the public upon request—subject to exemptions which may entail review. Traditionally, this review has been accomplished by redaction (purging) of hardcopy. Resource limitations and increases in the number of requests demand a rethinking of the process. Offices are experimenting with optical scanning, onscreen purging, and online dissemination. Statutory and common law trends may soon require disclosure of database reports in electronic form, when so requested, rather than printouts. The dissemination of manipulable data of commercial value requires a rationale broader than the “citizenship rights” that justified the Freedom of Information Act. Online publication of agency-controlled records also demands careful planning of information systems and public networks. The issues discussed in this article are central to the establishment of an adequate policy for electronic freedom of information. 相似文献
3.
John Carlo Bertot Charles R. McClure Kimberly A. Owens 《Government Information Quarterly》1999,16(4):309
This article provides an overview and summary of selected issues related to the development of universal service to networked information resources and services in a global networked environment. Complex issues have yet to be addressed regarding basic concerns such as defining the term “universal service” as it suggests a range of meanings and uses given different societal contexts. The model for universal service being developed in the United States offers some lessons and concerns for other nations attempting to promote universal service as a national policy. The article concludes with a number of recommendations that address selected policy issues related to universal service in a global networked environment. 相似文献
4.
信息障碍成为影响农转城新市民城市融入的一个重要因素.论文从社会权利的视角分析了新市民的信息障碍成因在于：土地权利贫困和社会保障权利贫困,社会公共基础设施建设不足引起的公共渠道贫乏,社会关系网络的贫困等.论文通过对这些障碍成因的分析,旨在为农转城过程中新市民的融入问题提供破解途径,使新市民共享主流社会信息资源及社会服务. 相似文献
5.
文化权利的春天图书馆事业的春天——近期中国文化政策解读 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
国家近期颁布的一系列文化政策,凸显了保障公民文化权利的内涵。保障公民的文化权利已成为我国文化政策的基本价值取向。保障公民的文化权利,也应该成为图书馆核心价值的最高定位。建议图书馆界抓住时机,积极行动,迎接新的发展高潮。 相似文献
6.
Libraries have always been places where individuals feel free to explore new ideas and seek out information in the pursuit of creative and intellectual growth. Fear of exposure or surveillance could threaten an individual's inclination to search for and access information. Understandably then, privacy is understood to be a core professional responsibility of librarians. This study builds on a national report and a qualitative study, completed in the United States, which explored librarians' attitudes on privacy. Adding a Canadian voice to the literature, this study examines survey results from academic librarians in Canada on their perceptions and attitudes related to library practices and online privacy behaviors. Overall, Canadian academic librarians believe that protecting patron privacy and educating patrons about issues related to online privacy is important. However, many Canadian academic librarians doubt that libraries are doing all they can to protect patron privacy. Academic librarians stand to gain knowledge and understanding of peer attitudes toward online privacy, as well as how patron privacy is being advocated for and protected on university campuses across Canada. The results will guide future library policies and programming aimed at creating an environment where privacy rights are protected and patrons can make informed choices about their online actions. 相似文献
7.
As security and safety requirements were not considered during the creation of networks, there is a growing number of threats for individuals, enterprises, government agencies and organizations. This paper reviews these threats and the difficulties of dealing with them now. The Internet, as a consequence, is hardly adequate for processing sensitive information, because it can be protected neither by technology nor by law. In this situation, future “information societies” will be more risk-oriented than today: individual rights will be less significant and traditional legal instruments will need to be adapted to different sets of values. 相似文献
8.
James 《Government Information Quarterly》2005,22(4):644-662
Somewhere in the vicinity of 80 percent of all governmental information has some “geographic” element, and the vast majority is called “geospatial” because of the nature of describing spatial phenomena of the earth. Geospatial information has been increasing steadily in popularity and use since the advent of geographic information systems in the 1960s. From the early 1990s until the present, research libraries have seen an increase in the availability of geospatial information, and they have also seen a substantial change in the services provided to support the needs of clients seeking that information. However, recent events have altered the “access landscape.” September 11, 2001, and subsequent events, caused many policy shifts to take place as to how, or whether, access to governmental geospatial information should be granted. This paper explores those policy developments with the goal of prognosticating on the future of access to governmental geospatial information. 相似文献
9.
20世纪90年代初期,俄罗斯联邦出台了《俄罗斯联邦文化基本法》,为发展文化提供了法律保障。《俄罗斯联邦文化基本法》包括各级政府的文化管理权限、公民的文化权利、民族文化的保护、文化领域的经济调控以及国家之间的文化交流等内容。旨在确立国家文化政策的原则和规范,发展民族文化,保障公民的文化权利。在政府的文化管理权方面,俄罗斯联邦和各联邦主体成立国家权力机关,由国家权力机关行使权力,保障文化领域中各主体的利益;公民拥有创作权、文化价值知情权等,促进公民在参与文化活动的过程中提高自身素质;针对俄罗斯多民族的特点,俄罗斯联邦尊重和保护各民族文化,为民族文化的传播和延续创造条件;文化基本法对文化机构经费来源和个人收入进行经济调控,保障他们的利益不受损害;加强文化交流,促进俄罗斯文化发展,增强自身在国际上的影响力。 相似文献
10.
Design-based research for LIS 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Design-based research is a methodology emerging from the field of education that may hold potential for research in library and information science (LIS). Based upon the assumption that learning is situated in a real-world context, design-based research combines research, design, and practice into one process. It results in usable products that are supported by a theoretical framework. While definitional and methodological issues do exist, the method holds some promise for research into “user-centered” information systems and services. In the field of LIS, design-based research might contribute to our understanding of how people find, choose, understand, and use information in context. The method is also of interest to professionals concerned with “evidence-based practice.” This article will first explain and describe the method as it has been used in the allied field of education. Issues related to definition and methodology will be explored, as well as some of the solutions that have been proposed. The method will then be related to LIS, using the bonded design work of Large, Nesset, Beheshti, and Bowler [Large, A., Nesset, V., Beheshti, J., & Bowler, L. (2006a). Bonded design: a methodology for designing with children. In S. Kurniawan & P. Saphiris (Eds.), Advances in Universal Web Design and Evaluation: Research, Trends and Opportunities. London: Idea Group., Large, A., Nesset, V., Beheshti, J., & Bowler, L. (2006b). “Bonded design”: a novel approach to intergenerational information technology design. Library and Information Science Research, 28, 64–82] as a case study to demonstrate the applicability of design-based research to LIS inquiry. 相似文献
11.
12.
我国要求采用等级保护制度下开展风险评估的方式构建国家信息安全保障体系,档案信息安全保障体系构建必须符合国家信息安全保障的政策和要求。本文研究了基于等级保护和风险评估的档案信息安全保障体系构成,介绍了在档案信息系统生命周期中的不同阶段如何实施档案信息安全风险评估,提出了基于信息安全风险评估的档案信息安全保障体系构建流程。 相似文献
13.
图书馆网站版权政策是图书馆尊重版权人知识产权的表态,也是图书馆工作者和读者规避版权风险的行为指南。美国三大国家图书馆网站的版权政策涉及政策法源、版权人权利确认、合理使用、免责条款、侵权形式、图书馆业务说明、承诺以及网站安全等内容,体现出专业化和人性化的服务精神,具有很多可取之处,也存在一些不足,对我国图书馆网站版权政策的改善具有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
14.
Lishi Kwasitsu 《Library & information science research》2003,25(4):459-476
This article discusses the information sources used by design, process, and manufacturing engineers in an international microchip manufacturing company, and the characteristics that influence their information source selection and use. Findings differ from previous research in three ways. First, there was a significant difference in these engineers' information behavior. Second, the higher the engineers' level of education, the less likely they were to depend on their personal memories as sources of information, and the more likely they were to rely on libraries. Third, the higher the level of engineers' education, the less likely they were to consider “personal mastery” (information tool mastery) as a source influencer. 相似文献
15.
《The Reference Librarian》2013,54(94):109-137
Abstract Libraries are a symbol of a free, democratic society. Open access to information and patron privacy allow intellectual inquiry and the creation of new knowledge. Librarians have a long tradition of protecting these liberties. In the wake of the terrorist attacks of September 11, concerns have been raised that the passage of the USA Patriot Act and other anti-terrorism measures threaten these liberties. Librarians need to educate staff, users, and their communities as to the impact these measures have on libraries and access to information. Policies, procedures, and guidelines need to be developed that balance the traditions of intellectual freedom and issues of national security. This article examines access to government information issues and threats to 相似文献
16.
Although considerable attention has been focused on information users in recent years, little phenomenographic research into the word “information” has been conducted, perhaps because cursory consideration may suggest that work of this type is less useful than explorations of areas such as information-seeking. The lack of an established methodological framework discourages inquiry and, if understandings of the term are unique to each individual, there seems little scope to develop even broad principles for practice. Nevertheless, phenomenographic research helps professionals to learn how far users’ attitudes to the term “information” are consistent with their own and can reduce confusion between information providers and their clientele. Despite the absence of an accepted framework, several individual techniques are available. Ultimately, the research findings may prove highly instructive. They may, for example, influence the use of the word “information” by professionals when they interact with clients, whilst also offering insights into information behavior and information worlds. 相似文献
17.
我国电子政务信息系统的建设取得了长足的发展,信息公开的推进赋予电子政务开放、协同、交互等特
点,信息安全是根本保障。作为一项系统化工作,信息安全保障体系建设是信息系统安全稳定运行的关键。本文在分
析已有网络安全保障模型的基础上,结合电子政务信息开放共享所面临的安全威胁,参考国家相关标准和要求,设计
了一套以事件处置为核心的信息安全保障技术框架,并在科技部实际应用中得以检验。 相似文献
18.
本文以信息安全策略为研究对象,在比较分析现有的信息安全策略管理工具的基础上用O-Telos语言表示信息安全策略,并提出基于知识库的信息安全策略管理模型。该管理模型能对信息安全策略进行动态化管理,解决策略之间的冲突,并能实现对信息安全策略的评估。 相似文献
19.
《Government Information Quarterly》1997,14(2):143-154
There is much discussion in research literature regarding the information produced by inter-governmental organizations (IGOs) and what publications are available for use in libraries. At the same time, there is little discussion of the information policies of IGOs regarding access to IGO information. In fact, the freedom of information debate, with few exceptions, has not been extended to include IGOs. Although IGOs are made up of governmental bodies, the role of the IGO seems to be that of facilitator for state policy formation. This role fails to recognize that IGOs produce information of their own accord and make decisions which affect peoples in the member states. This article surveys the issue of access to IGO information and discusses how national debates can be extended to the IGO level. It shows both explicit and implicit information policies with case studies from the environmental information field: the European Union's (EU) directive on environmental information, and the Global Environment Facility (GEF). Three issues emerge: these are varying levels of access to IGO information, varying levels of IGO information policy, and a relative paucity of research on the subject. The principles of accountability, transparency, and public involvement are being made explicit more frequently in the documents of IGOs. However, a continuing gap between explicit and implicit policies must be bridged. 相似文献
20.
Paperwork reduction act reauthorization and government information management issues 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Harold C. Relyea 《Government Information Quarterly》2000,17(4):367
Replacing the ineffective Federal Reports Act of 1942, the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980 (PRA) was enacted largely to relieve the public of the mounting information collection and reporting requirements of the federal government. It also promoted coordinated information management activities on a governmentwide basis by the director of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and prescribed information management responsibilities for the executive agencies. The management focus of the PRA was sharpened with the 1986 amendments which refined the concept of “information resources management” (IRM), defined as “the planning, budgeting, organizing, directing, training, promoting, controlling, and management activities associated with the burden, collection, creation, use, and dissemination of information by agencies, and includes the management of information and related resources such as automatic data processing equipment.” This key term and its subset concepts received further definition and explanation in the PRA of 1995, making IRM a tool for managing the contribution of information activities to program performance, and for managing related resources, such as personnel, equipment, funds, and technology. The PRA currently authorizes appropriations for its administration by the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA), located within OMB, through FY2001 (44 U.S.C. 3520). Reauthorization of OIRA appropriations provides an opportunity to upgrade the PRA’s provisions and to address prevailing government information management issues. 相似文献