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1.
本文首先简要阐述了横向技术政策的定义、观点和理论,以及对以色列横向技术政策的评价。随后对以色列的软件产业发展包括外部条件和科技政策的运用以及最终的成果作了分析。最后,针对中国软件产业现状及发展情况、借鉴以色列的成功经验提出一些建议。 相似文献
2.
Economic policy in Hong Kong is frequently cited as a shining example of the laissez‐faire model for development, with minimal government intervention. However, the government has played a bigger role in the economy than is often recognized, responding to market failures, social problems, and the needs of the business community. Information technology (IT) policy in Hong Kong has mirrored the colony's laissez‐faire economic strategy, with little government effort to promote the production or use of IT products and services. Hong Kong has become an advanced user of IT in several economic sectors and an assembly site for personal computer hardware. However, like much of the manufacturing sector, the computer industry is moving much of its production to China, causing concern about the future of Hong Kong's economy. While some people feel that Hong Kong can flourish as a financial and business services center, others feel that this role will be diminished as the Chinese economy liberalizes and other centers develop in mainland China. They argue that Hong Kong needs to upgrade its technological capabilities and develop technology‐intensive activities such as R&D and software development to complement China's manufacturing activities. The government has begun to respond with limited measures to encourage R&D, train more scientists, engineers, and managers, and support technology start‐ups. Hong Kong has the potential to develop software and information services industries to serve the Chinese market. It also can apply IT to other sectors to maintain its leadership as a financial, business services, transportation, and communications center. 相似文献
3.
《Research Policy》2004,33(6-7):921-938
Recent policies to promote biotechnology are motors of broader R&D reform in Germany and Japan. The idiosyncrasies of biotechnology commercialization could not be readily accommodated by these countries’ traditional technology policies, thus prompting reforms in institutions governing the commercialization of basic scientific research. These reforms provide a novel perspective on the nature of innovation in biotechnology; while previous research has underlined factors such as the national science base, industry–university links, entrepreneurship and venture capital, the German and Japanese cases highlight the importance of other mediating variables such as the level of public governance within national research institutions, the autonomy of the university/research sector, and the historical role of the public sector generally. 相似文献
4.
Technology acquisition channels and industry performance: An industry-level analysis of Chinese large- and medium-size manufacturing enterprises 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Guo Bin 《Research Policy》2008,37(2):194-209
Through an industry-level analysis of Chinese large- and medium-size manufacturing enterprises over the period of 1996-2001, this article investigates the direct and interactive contributions of four technology acquisition channels to industry performances in terms of innovation performance and productivity. These channels include in-house R&D, foreign technology transfer, domestic technology transfer, and inter-industry R&D spillover. We have found evidence of an important role of inter-industry R&D spillover in shaping and improving industry performance in China, which has been neglected by previous empirical studies concerned with Chinese industrial firms. The empirical results indicate that inter-industry R&D spillover and foreign technology transfer make significant contributions to both labour productivity and the level of total factor productivity in Chinese manufacturing industries. We have also found that in-house R&D and inter-industry R&D spillover share a complementary relationship in shaping innovation performance and total factor productivity in Chinese industry, and that in-house R&D relates to foreign technology transfer as a complement for labour productivity. Finally, on the mixed results among existing literature in the context of developing countries, this article argues that the commonly followed strategy in technology development, combined with government regulations, will play an essential role in determining the relationship between in-house R&D and foreign technology transfer. 相似文献
5.
以长江经济带11省市为研究对象,从产业生命周期视角,运用Logistic模型研判长江经济带高技术产业的发展阶段,分析科技金融与高技术产业发展不同阶段的关系和影响.研究表明,长江经济带下游最先进入快速发展后期;科技金融通过科技资源、政府财政科技投入、市场融资显著影响区域高技术产业发展;技术资本化还不能满足长江经济带高技术... 相似文献
6.
《普罗米修斯》2012,30(1):141-143
This paper provides a review of Israel's science and technology policy and traces the growth and development of technology intensive industry in that country. Such policy has generally been neutral with regard to industry, technological field or class of product; concentrates on industrial R &; D directly performed in industrial firms; and is an integral part of overall national industrial policy — being centred in the Ministry of Industry and Commerce. Drawing upon case studies and other statistical evidence, the paper argues that such policy has been partly responsible for Israel's success in building up an indigenous, export-oriented, high technology sector. 相似文献
7.
有关技术创新激励政策效应的研究对产业特征的关注还不充分,影响了对激励政策产业层面效应的深入理解。本文认为更为系统地重审技术创新激励政策的效应,有必要将产业市场竞争度与产业技术吸收能力同步纳入研究模型,因为它们分别影响产业创新主体的技术创新动机和技术创新能力。当产业市场竞争度与产业技术吸收能力都处于高水平时,技术创新激励政策对产业技术创新的正向效应最为明显。实证数据来自和五类使能技术的应用密切相关的16个制造业的2013—2017年的数据,包括R&D资本存量、全时人员当量、发明专利申请数、新产品开发项目数、新产品销售收入数据,和以DEA视窗方法计算得到的产业技术创新绩效数据,分析结果表明：产业技术吸收能力放大了税收优惠政策对技术创新绩效的正向作用;但是R&D补贴政策对于技术吸收能力低的产业有更高的正向效应;当技术市场竞争度高时,技术吸收力对税收优惠与R&D补贴的正向促进作用最高。本研究深化了对技术创新激励政策的作用机理的理解,并提示政策制定者需要充分重视产业的市场竞争度。 相似文献
8.
陈平 《科学学与科学技术管理》2006,27(6):105-110
以色列信息产业近年来取得了举世瞩目的发展,成为后起国家发展高技术产业的成功范例.从产业集群的崭新视角出发,由以色列发展信息产业的比较优势入手,深入分析了其信息产业集群的发展历程、内部积累因素和外部催化因素,对我国发展信息产业提出了建议. 相似文献
9.
基于北京市2012年42部门投入产出表编制出了非竞争型投入产出表，测算了科技服务业及其包含的四个行业与经济增长的关系和对产业的拉动作用，研究表明：科技服务业与经济增长关联度较高，对经济增长贡献度高于第一、二产业及除科技服务业以外的第三产业；科技服务业拉动增加值能力较强，而拉动总产出能力只略高于平均水平；科技服务业中的科学研究和技术服务业拉动增加值能力及营业盈余占总产出比例都低于金融业。所以北京发展科技服务业，首要任务是提高研发效率，加强成果转化，从而提高产品附加值，提高科学研究和技术服务业拉动增加值能力。 相似文献
10.
Shin-Horng Chen 《Research Policy》2004,33(2):337-349
Although it is evident that technology is becoming increasingly globalized, resulting in the expansion of R&D internationalization by firms, despite this discernible trend, the substantial body of literature in this area is based mainly on the experience of the developed country. This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of this issue by examining the R&D internationalization of a newly-industrializing country, Taiwan being a prime example, and its connection with the global production network. We begin with an examination of the literature on R&D internationalization and globalization, based upon which we propose a conceptual framework adapted from Dunning’s eclectic paradigm. In doing so, we set out to develop arguments based not only on the reasons why cross-strait R&D internationalization may be undertaken by Taiwanese information technology (IT) firms, but also the likely patterns of their R&D portfolios across the strait. Drawing on an original questionnaire survey and firm-level interviews, the paper presents and discusses empirical data on the cross-strait R&D deployment of Taiwanese IT firms. It then goes a stage further, using the ‘smiling curve’, to put forward a ‘holistic’ view of the cross-border innovation network in the IT hardware industry, in order to determine what cross-strait R&D internationalization means to the global production network. 相似文献
11.
Literature on the economics of science and technology (S&T) suggests not only that technological innovation demands the expansion of the institutional borders between universities, research institutes, industrial companies and the financial system, but also that science leads as well as follows technology. Medical innovation in particular is very dependent on scientific research, which represents a source of information that impels the productive sector. The latter introduces a series of questions that motivate the researchers in their attempt to understand how the human body reacts to certain products and therapies. This paper analyses the pattern of S&T interaction for both the national system of innovation (NSI) and the health innovation system. The panel data and simultaneous equations models analyze the interaction between S&T. The theory about the existence of a mutual dependence between them has been confirmed, which means that science moves technology and technology also influences scientific development. The estimated models, which use data from scientific papers and patents as proxies of science and technology, represent just the tip of the iceberg called NSI, known as a multifaceted and complex institutional arrangement. 相似文献
12.
This paper addresses the issue of R&D internationalisation of two multinationals in the electro-technical industry (GE and ABB), by means of a patent data analysis. The overwhelming majority of both companies’ R&D activities are concentrated in Western Europe and North America. The locational overlap between the two firms’ activities is small. These results are consistent with findings from earlier studies that (1) there is little evidence to suggest that the ‘production’ of technology is globalised in a general sense and (2) that tapping knowledge from an industry's global lead location plays a very limited role in foreign R&D investments. 相似文献
13.
The Canadian federal government, anxious to stimulate innovation, announced recently a policy objective for the economy: the attainment of industrial research expenditures reaching 1.5 percent of the gross national product. The proposed substantial increase over the current level is rationalized by comparison with economy-wide research intensities (GERD/GNP) in other OECD countries.This paper questions the economic validity and policy relevance of international aggregate comparisons. It argues that inter-country comparisons should take place at individual industry levels where technologies are similar and proposes a methodology for formulating R&D spending targets of this kind. The procedure is to estimate a model of the determinants of R&D intensity with data from several “criterion countries” and employ the results to “predict” a specific industry's research intensity in another country.In this paper such a model is formulated for the pharmaceutical industry of seven OECD countries. Plausible parameter estimates are derived and used to “forecast” the research intensity of the Canadian pharmaceutical industry. It is found that given the predominance of foreign ownership, the nature of patent protection and the level of other relevant variables in Canada, the performance of this sector is much above the OECD-derived standard; this Canadian industry presumably does not require governmental attention to its R&D activities. 相似文献
14.
Keith Dickson 《Research Policy》1983,12(2):113-120
This paper argues that the United Kingdom Ministry of Defence's (MoD) sponsorship of industrial semiconductor research and development (R&D) has, by its very nature, influenced the type of R&D performed, and the directions it has taken, to the extent of limiting its potential for subsequent commercial utilization. While much of the fault appears to lie with the semiconductor industry's response to MoD funding of its R&D, especially its over-reliance on such external support, the paper also suggests that the structure, modus operandi, and funding mechanisms of the MoD department concerned have significantly affected the industry's R&D activities. With these criticisms in mind, while at the same time noting the advantageous features of this department's activities, such as its relative autonomy, brief suggestions for ensuring more coherent and continuous state support for semiconductor R&D, including, for example, the use of innovation-oriented procurement policies, are offered. 相似文献
15.
通过运用DEA-Malmquist指数对我国2006-2016年省级科技服务业发展的技术效率以及全要素生产率进行测度,结果表明：科技服务业整体发展效率较低,已有生产要素投入潜力未能得到有效挖掘,处于规模不经济状态;科技服务业TFP以年均9.8%的速度增长,其中主要源动力来自技术进步变化,而技术效率变化对TFP增长的贡献较弱;生产率指数区域发展不均衡,高水平与较高水平区逐渐从东部地区向中西部地区扩散,地区间技术效率变化差异显著。要促使科技服务业效率提高,需要加大研发投入促进自主创新,完善制度环境加强管理创新,因地制宜缩小区域差异等。 相似文献
16.
印度软件产业起飞的政策因素 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
二十世纪 90年代以来 ,印度软件产业的突出成就引人瞩目 ;而推动印度此产业发展的各种政策因素 ,成为发展中国家科技界、产业界的研究热点。本文从经济、科技、教育、外交安全、社会发展等不同政策角度 ,分析印度软件产业取得成功的各种原因 ,并阐明其中的重要意义 相似文献
17.
Dolores Añón Higón 《Research Policy》2007,36(7):964-979
One of the benefits claimed for investment in Research and Development (R&D) is that there is a spillover effect. Industries benefit from both their own R&D efforts as well as the efforts of other national and overseas industries. The present research presents new evidence on the long-term impact of R&D investment upon UK industry's productivity performance and on the nature of these “R&D spillovers”. The results suggest that R&D efforts from the industry itself and from other national industries have a positive impact on the industry's productivity but, interestingly, there is no gain from foreign R&D investment. 相似文献
18.
广州市重点领域研发计划是广州市科技计划体系改革后的最重要科技计划之一,是最具代表性的重大科技专项。本文基于广州市重点领域研发计划首批5个专项24个方向的立项情况和关键节点考核情况,从申报指南、承担单位类型、经费资助情况等方面分析了广州市重点领域研发计划的基本特点和存在问题,并围绕抓好顶层设计、完善立项评审机制和强化实施期管理三方面进行思考,提出优化申报指南编制、合理配置财政专项资金,探索多元化评审方法、完善评审专家遴选,完善项目经费拨付制度、优化项目组织管理机制、充分发挥专业力量加强项目管理等建议,为改进优化广州市重大科技计划项目组织实施与管理,以及地方有关政府部门制定产业发展政策、规划提供参考。 相似文献
19.
党的十八届五中全会确立了“五大”新发展理念,将创新放在首位,其重要性不言而喻。推进京津冀一体化,不断加快产业结构升级调整,更是需要技术创新为其提供强劲的内在动力。本文构建了技术创新作用于产业结构升级调整的理论模型,揭示了技术创新的重要推动作用,进而采用京津冀1985-2016年面板数据进行了实证分析。研究发现,技术创新与京津冀产业结构升级调整呈现显著的正相关关系。教育水平和科技水平的提升,都会加速京津冀产业结构升级调整的步伐,特别是科技水平对于服务业生产率增长的促进作用更加明显。因此,应增加教育和研发支出,强化人力资本培养,以技术创新带动京津冀产业结构升级调整;以制度创新带动技术创新,从而为技术创新提供良好的内部动力和外部环境;以供给侧结构性改革加速技术创新,进一步推进京津冀产业结构的升级调整。 相似文献
20.
This paper provides a general background of the characteristics of the Japanese economy that relate to its use of technology to promote economic growth. We do not consider the common view that Japan just catching up with the technological level of other industrialized countries explains its remarkable rate of post-war economic growth. Rather we argue that the effective importation of technology requires complementary resources of management, skilled labor, capital, and domestic R&D as well as public to facilitate the transfer of technology. Japan has such complementary resources and public policies. The first part of the paper describes the process of technology importation and current concerns in Japan about dependence on imported technology. The second part of the paper describes Japan's domestic R&D effort and its major reliance on private sector R&D, supplemented, however, with government intervention in selected industries. The third part of the paper examines the institutional settings that had the significant impacts on Japan's introduction of new technology. These institutional factors include 1) post-war economic growth and changes in industry structure, 2) the character of competition, 3) the business group and 4) characteristics and organization in the supply of labor. 相似文献