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微生物降解有机磷农药的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
果蔬菜等农产品有机磷农药残留越来越严重,利用微生物降解有机磷农药,在改善环境和人们生活质量方面已显得经济而有效。本文就降解有机磷农药的微生物种类,降解机制及编码降解酶的相应基因,以及工程菌的构建作了综述。 相似文献
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食品农药残留分析方法的现状与展望 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
曾琪 《四川职业技术学院学报》2006,16(3):119-121
由于农药及其降解产物在环境里引起的危害问题日益受到人们的重视,因而加强环境与食品中农药残留的检测对于保护人类健康、保护环境具有非常重要的现实意义。由于我国常用的农药种类繁多,结构差别很大,而农药残留分析需要对超标的样品给出准确的定性、定量,因此,不可能有一种分析方法适用于所有的农药和样品。本文综述了食品里农药残留的常规分析方法及其最新的进展,提出了农药残贸留分析过程的基本准则及分析方法的发展方向． 相似文献
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A 21-day laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of pesticides (insecticide, herbicide, fungicide)
on paddy field soil health under controlled moisture (flooded soil) and temperature (25°C) environment. The electron transport
system (ETS)/Dehydrogenase activity showed negative correlation with pesticides concentrations, decreased with increase of
pesticide concentration. The higher doses (5 to 10 times field rates) of pesticides significantly inhibited ETS activity,
while lower rates failed to produce any significant reducing effect on the control. The toxicity of pesticides in decreasing
the ETS activity was in the order: insecticide > fungicide > herbicide, irrespective of their rates of application. The pesticides
increased the soil phenol content, which increased with increasing concentration of agrochemicals. The pesticide application
did not produce any significant change in soil protein content. The response of biomass phospholipid content was nearly similar
to that of ETS activity. The phospholipid content decreased with the addition of pesticides in the order insecticide > fungicide
> herbicide and the toxicity was in the order: 10 FR (field rate) > 5 FR > 1.0 FR > 0.5 FR > control.
Project (No. G1999011809) supported by the National Key Basic Research Foundation (973) of China
Ph. D. student at Zhejiang University, from Ministry of Agriculture (Punjab), Government of Pakistan 相似文献
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中药材石斛、何首乌中有机氯农药残留量的气相色谱测定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
黄德娜 《黔南民族师范学院学报》2008,28(3):72-75
中药材在防病治病方面发挥了重要作用。但中药材中的农药残留直接危害服用者的身体健康。这里选取了贵州省地道中药材石斛和何首鸟,对其有机氯农药残留量进行检测,并对中药中农药残留的提取、分离以及分析作了初步探讨。 相似文献
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衡阳市蔬菜水果农药残留现状、原因与对策 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对2005年至2010年衡阳市蔬菜水果质量安全例行抽检结果进行比较分析,发现衡阳市近年来蔬菜水果农药残留指标整体上控制在全国农药残留超标率10.0%规定范围之内。2～7月,蔬菜水果中的农药残留超标率很低;8～10月,农药残留超标率明显上升,并且超标品种主要是豆类、叶菜类等蔬菜。建议加大检测力度,加强农药的监督管理,广泛宣传农产品质量安全知识,进一步提高蔬菜水果质量安全水平。 相似文献
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Liujia SHI Fangfang YANG Yanyan XU Shoufeng WANG 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2021,22(3):204-213
Acetylcholinesterase(AChE) is a key enzyme used to detect organophosphorus pesticide residues by the enzyme inhibition method.An accidental discovery of a mutant strain with AChE activity was made in our laboratory during the process of AChE expression by Pichia pastoris.The pPIC9 K-Drosophila melanogaster acetylcholinesterase(DmAChE)-like expression vector was constructed by codon optimization of this mutant strain,which was transformed into P.pastoris GS115,and positive clones were selected on yeast peptone dextrose(YPD) plate with G418 at 4.0 mg/mL.The GS115-pPIC9 K-DmAChE-like strain was subjected to 0.5% methanol induction expression for 120 h,with a protein band at 4.3 kDa found by the tricine-sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE) pattern of the fermentation supernatant.After preliminary purification by ammonium sulfate precipitation,the enzyme activity was detected to be 76.9 U/(mL·min).In addition,the pesticide sensitivity test proved that DmAChE-like is selective and sensitive to organophosphorus pesticides. 相似文献
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Abstract The modernisation of potato production in the Ecuadorian highlands is related to an intensive use of pesticides. In this context, by means of ethnographic methodologies and discourse analysis tools, this study was aimed to determine the influence of household arrangements, local institutions and social differentiation in the management of potato production and pesticide use. Potato production involves all household members and generates occupational risks, but also household-level accidents. This study has determined that children and teenagers form the group most vulnerable to intoxication with pesticides. Four social dimensions that integrate pesticides in the local social dynamics were determined: health-beliefs, gender identity, social identity, and economical progress reliance by means of potato production. Intense potato production and comoditisation of nature is contributing to a progressive social stratification, which is causing a group of peasant households to emerge as the poorest group and vulnerable to occupational risks by chronic pesticide exposure. 相似文献
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农药残留是影响茶叶质量安全的重要问题,在当前茶叶大规模生产中,农药的使用仍不可避免。在茶叶农药残留自然降解的基础上,采用生物、化学和物理的农残降解方法来降低茶叶农残,对于茶叶质量安全具有重要的现实意义。通过研究,概述了茶叶农药残留降解过程及方式的研究情况,并展望了茶叶农残降解技术的发展。 相似文献
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农药残留对人体健康的危害效应及毒理机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
有机磷农药和有机氯农药是农药残留的两大类型。探讨这两类农药残留对人体健康的危害效应及其毒理机制,提出一些相关防治农药残留的建议。 相似文献
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茶农对农药残留的认知及其影响因素研究——基于浙江安吉的调研数据 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
侯博 《安徽科技学院学报》2012,26(2):100-105
浙江省安吉县是著名的浙西优质茶区,本文以安吉县4个行政村的126户茶农为样本,基于二元Logistic模型进行农户农药残留影响因素分析。研究结果表明,茶农的性别、年龄、受教育年限、家庭人口数、种植面积、家庭年收入均不同程度地影响其对农药残留认知。因此,提高茶农的受教育水平,有效提升茶农家庭总收入、继续推进农村计划生育政策、加强政策宣传并营造安全农产品生产氛围等,成为提升茶农对农药残留的认知水平,进而规范茶农农药施用行为,并改善我国茶叶质量安全水平的最现实的路径。 相似文献
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The PISA studies of reading achievement of 15 year old students in OECD and partner nations show Anglophone nations to have
continuing high proportions of weak readers (≤Level 2), with no improvement in this area from 2000 to 2006 (OECD, Science
competencies for tomorrow’s world: Executive summary, 2007). The nations which have decreased their proportions of low achievers all use highly regular (transparent) orthographies,
which expedite the development of efficient reading and writing skills (Galletly and Knight, Aust J Learn Disabil 9(4):4–11,
2004). While international scrutiny is being focussed on socio-cultural differences in education as a basis of nations’ achievement
differences, little consideration is currently being applied to the speed of reading accuracy and spelling development. This
is surprising, given the volume of research showing that orthographic regularity significantly expedites development of reading—accuracy
and spelling—with very low rates of reading difficulties in nations with highly regular orthographies (Seymour et al., Br
J Psychol 94:143–174, 2003, p. 174; Share, Psychol Bull 134(4):584–615, 2008, p. 615). This paper proposes Transition-from-early-to-sophisticated-literacy (TESL) as a variable for use when considering
cross-national achievement differences. It is proposed that Complex TESL nations (including Anglophone nations) will need
paradigmatically different mechanisms to those used by Resolved and Facilitated TESL nations, for improved literacy and academic
outcomes by lower achievers. 相似文献
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蒋岳祥 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2005,6(4):315-321
The sequences {Zi,n, l≤i≤n}, n≥l have multi-nomial distribution among i.i.d. random variables {X1,i, i≥1}, {X2,i,u≥l }, …, {Xm,i, i≥1 }. The extreme value distribution Gz(x) of this particular triangular array of i.i.d, random variables Z1,n, Z2Zn,n is discussed in this paper. We found a new type of not max-stable extreme value distributions, i) Gz(x) = r-1∏i=1ФAiαi(x) × Фαr (x);ii) Gz (x) = r-1∏i=1ψAiαi (x) × ψαr (x); iii) Gz (x) = r-1∏i=1 ∧Ai (λix) × A(x), r≥2, 0＜α1≤α2≤…≤αr and λi∈ (0,1] for i, l≤i≤r-1 which occur if Fj, …, Fm belong to the same MDA. 相似文献
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微生物源杀虫剂的研究进展概况 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
黄敏 《广东轻工职业技术学院学报》2005,4(4):12-15
总结了近几年来微生物源杀虫剂的研究成果,逐一介绍其作用机理和目标物,并从机理出发分析其对人类和环境的影响,列举了各种微生物源杀虫剂的生产方法,通过与化学杀虫剂的比较,展望了微生物源杀虫剂的应用前景。 相似文献
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从陕西水果流通领域探究果农增收途径——基于“微笑曲线”理论的分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
近年来,陕西水果价格连续攀升,但果农增收却非常有限。究其原因主要是水果价格上升带来的大部分收益被流通环节中的批发商、零售商等群体消耗掉了,落入果农手中的很少。以"微笑曲线"理论分析这一现状后认为,只有引导果农在水果种植的基础上将业务向下游流通领域延伸,以争取最大程度地分享流通领域产生的附加价值,才能使果农增加收益。 相似文献
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订单农业的发展,对引导农业结构调整、搞好产销衔接、维护市场秩序、保护农民利益起到了积极的作用。但在烟草行业与烟农签订烤烟生产合同和履行合同的过程中,时常会出现障碍,影响合同履约率。在落实烤烟生产合同制的过程中,我们可以有针对性地采取措施,强化相关影响因素,提高烟农的合同生产参与性和烟农对合同的履约率。 相似文献
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黄晓梅 《十堰职业技术学院学报》2007,20(5):89-91
分析5种高毒农药的发展的基本情况以及高毒农药禁用的必要性与可行性,及其禁用高毒农药应采取的对策。最后提出了相关的结论与建议。 相似文献