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1.
This paper is concerned with the ethics of relationships in doctoral supervision. We give an overview of four paradigms of doctoral supervision that have endured over the past 25 years and elucidate some of their strengths and limitations, contextualise them historically and consider their implications for doctoral supervision in the contemporary university. Two common threads across the four paradigms are a view of doctoral supervision as pedagogical practice and that supervisors have primary responsibility for the supervision of doctoral students. We challenge these assumptions. In their place, we propose that the goal of doctoral supervision is praxis and that this involves a learning alliance between multiple institutional agents grounded in a relational ethics of mutual responsibility. 相似文献
2.
Sonja Žorga Bojan Dekleva Alenka Kobolt 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》2001,23(2):151-162
Peer supervision is a method which enables the counselors to be involved in a continuous learning process throughout their professional career and not only when they are in training. It is a personal way of learning in which a pair or a small group of colleagues gives supervision to one another. In this article some advantages, potential pitfalls and conditions or ``guidelines' that should be followed to ensure the most effective peer supervision experience are discussed. An effective evaluation can greatly improve the process of peer supervision and can successfully minimise potential obstacles and pitfalls. Hence, in the second part of the article we describe the internal evaluation of the peer supervision process and illustrate it with some results of final evaluations from four peer supervision processes. 相似文献
3.
高海燕 《天津职业院校联合学报》2012,14(6):74-76
作为一种互动型教学策略,合作学习备受高职学院英语教师的追捧。针对目前高职院校英语教学存在的诸多问题以及学生英语交际意愿低下,抵触英语学习的现状,本文从小组管理、教学设计、过程监督以及多元评价体系的建立等维度,阐释了合作学习在提升高职学生英语交际意愿方面起到的积极作用以及具体实施策略。 相似文献
4.
L. DiAnne Borders 《Counselor Education & Supervision》2019,58(1):64-79
Although clinical supervision is widely viewed as an educational process, counseling doctoral students may lack relevant background in pedagogy. In response to calls to incorporate learning theories and principles into supervision instruction, 7 evidence‐based science of learning principles as well as examples from 1 doctoral supervision course are described. 相似文献
5.
行动控制即指意志力,它在学生的学习过程中扮演着重要的角色。通过对行动控制理论及相关研究的分析,有助于厘清行动控制理论的学习观,明确行动控制理论在教育中应用的可行性;通过把握行动控制的干预训练,以此加深对学习过程的认识,有助于深入理解学习的本质,为有效引导学生的学习、培养其意志力提供理论指导。 相似文献
6.
This study investigated supervisees’ perceptions of the learning processes and outcomes of professional supervision. Two hundred and sixty-four psychology graduates involved in the process of professional supervision for registration responded to a mail survey regarding their supervisor's approach to supervision, their own approach to supervision and their perceptions of the overall effectiveness of the process. Findings suggest that professional supervision can be readily conceptualised as a learning relationship. Supervisees’ approaches to supervision comprised the three dimensions of surface-disorganised, evaluation anxiety, and endorsement of supervisor capability. Supervisors’ approaches to supervision were understood by supervisees in terms of facilitative and didactic approaches to learning. A facilitative approach to supervision was associated with enhanced evaluations of supervisor capability and a reduction in supervisee confusion and anxiety. A facilitative, but not a didactic, supervisory approach positively influenced supervisees’ perceptions of the effectiveness of supervision. 相似文献
7.
Using schema theory as a framework, we view learning as an active, constructive process. It is affected not only by learners' internal knowledge structures, but by the external constraints of the learning environment as well (Kozma, 1991). This article examines how different internal learner characteristics (e.g., prior knowledge, self efficacy and interest) and different external constraints (e.g., learner control, instructional design and level of control) influence the learning process. Specifically, we address learning from a variety of multimedia environments such as video, hypertexts, kiosks and other hypermedia within a schema theoretic approach that incorporates a constructivist view. 相似文献
8.
建立教学督导体系 提高成人高校教学质量 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
杨文荣 《北京教育学院学报》2008,22(3):59-61
教学督导体系的建立是成人高校改革和发展的必然趋势,也是提高成人高校教学质量的一个重要因素。把握教学督导的性质和特点,是建立和完善教学督导体系的关键,因此,教学督导的队伍建设、制度完善和活动也必须加强。 相似文献
9.
During the 1900s, the path to a PhD degree has seen many changes for both postgraduate students as well as their supervisors. The supervisor's duties have increased in scope and the demands made on PhD candidates have augmented. This paper deals with supervision as pedagogic method. Departing from a project aimed at studying ‘supervision on supervision’ through a programme including a special pedagogic model for learning, process‐oriented group supervision as a method of improving doctoral supervision is discussed. In the model used, the supervisors' relationships and the experiences form the basis for reflection process connected to, among others, communication theory and social‐psychological explanatory models. Pointing out the five requirements of trust, theories, tools, training and time, it is concluded that ‘supervision on supervision’ well may serve as a way of improving doctoral supervision. 相似文献
10.
ABSTRACT: A research experience was made available to an undergraduate Food Science and Human Nutrition (FSHN) student through collaboration with a Masters-level Nutrition graduate student. Both students were under the supervision of a graduate FSHN faculty member. Positive, self-identified aspects for the students included learning how to work collaboratively as a team member, gaining a better understanding of the process of field-based research, and successfully completing both projects. While caveats are noted, we suggest that this process is an untapped opportunity to offer a research experience to undergraduates. It could be applicable in departments/ units that maintain both an undergraduate and graduate program or across departments where disciplines are similar. 相似文献
11.
学生自主学习能力的培养可以使其在实际学习过程中掌握更多的知识,不需要教师过多的督促就能主动完成学习任务。针对化学教学中学生自主学习存在的问题,文章从采用问题式教学、采用实验教学、采用分组教学、注重精心创设教学情境、采用鼓励性评价等方面,对化学教学中培养学生自主学习能力的策略进行探讨。 相似文献
12.
我国远程教育生源复杂,若不考虑学习者的个性化特征与需求,势必会降低远程教育的质量,因此如何为远程学习者提供差异化教学,是当前远程教育领域的重要研究课题。教学目标对教学过程起着导向作用,与学习活动及学习支持的设计息息相关,差异化教学目标设计是远程教育差异化教学的基础工作。在微观视角下,远程教学目标的差异化设计应以学习过程三阶段（即信息接收、信息组织与分化、问题解决）假设为基点,使用言语信息和智慧技能来解释行为目标,用问题解决来解释生成性目标。由于行为目标与生成性目标有其各自的差异化设计要素,以及远程学习者在学习过程的不同阶段体现出不同的学习偏好,因此将教学目标的差异化设计要素与学习者的学习偏好相匹配,即可形成微观视角下远程教学目标的差异化设计流程。这一设计流程为如何设计差异化教学目标以及开发测量学习者特征差异的实践工具提供了理论框架。 相似文献
13.
学习策略与英语听力教学 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
王芹 《湖南师范大学教育科学学报》2004,3(4):121-122
策略指导有利于培养学生的学习能力，研究学习策略并在教学中渗透学习策略的训练是当今教师的又一重要任务。根据听力教学的特点，结合具体情况，应针对性地对学生进行学习策略指导。 相似文献
14.
远程教育教学过程系统完善之探析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从远程教育师生交互学习的教学过程入手,分析当前远程教育教学过程中的矛盾,并深入探讨,以建构——"以自主学习为中心,导学平衡,过程干预"——教学过程系统,有效提高远程教育教学质量。 相似文献
15.
Mapping the Pleasures and Risks of Supervision 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
BARBARA GRANT 《Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education》2003,24(2):175-190
Good supervision is central to successful graduate research, yet it is a pedagogy that is poorly understood. This may be one reason why it is often experienced as problematic, especially by students. To address these concerns, in this paper I delineate a map of supervision which is informed by contemporary theories of education. As I describe the layers of the map, I will attempt to show traces of each layer in some texts from the supervision of a master's student. The fruit of my analysis is a view of supervision as a complex and unstable process, one filled with pleasures and risks. This view is potentially useful for informing the practices of supervisors, students and the academic advisors who work with them. 相似文献
16.
17.
Thomas J. Shuell 《Asia Pacific Journal of Education》1992,12(2):1-10
Cognitive conceptions of human learning are discussed with regard to their implications for instructional-design theory. These cognitive conceptions of learning view learning as an active, constructive, cumulative, and goal-oriented process in which the learner plays a critical role. The nature of meaningful learning and the importance of affective and motivational - as well as cognitive - engagement are discussed. It is suggested that in order for students to learn from instruction, various psychological functions (attention, monitoring, etc.) must be engaged by either the instructional agent (e.g., teacher, textbook, etc.) or the student. One characteristic of these learning functions is that there is not a single best way to perform a given function; each may be accomplished in a number of equally appropriate and effective ways. 相似文献
18.
《British Journal of Educational Studies》2012,60(1):9-18
Abstract This paper considers the nature of learning and the role of institutions in general and schools in particular in structuring learning. It outlines and commends a view of learning as a process whereby we discover ourselves as persons and thereby act to create the contexts in which we live and work. Central to this view is the idea of the ‘learning school’. 相似文献
19.
《Journal of Further & Higher Education》2012,36(4):395-405
This paper explores the idea that conceptualizing academic supervision (at Honours or graduate level) as a fiduciary relationship can assist supervisors in enhancing student learning through quality decision‐making. In this paper I reflect on my conceptions of supervision in the light of the growing scholarship on supervision. My conceptions of academic supervision affect my practices as a supervisor. I use my conceptions and experiences of the supervision process to draw conclusions about the ‘best practice’ of supervision. These conclusions about best practice are partial in the sense that they are justified by past experiences, mine and those of others. More is needed to assist supervisors to deliver good quality supervision within a complex relationship where future issues are hard to predict. As a solicitor and legal academic I have been exposed to the ‘professional–client’ relationship and to the literature on metaphors and models for such a relationship. The literature on academic supervision suggested to me that the professional–client relationship and the supervision relationship were similarly perceived. Metaphor is used as a device to understand complexity and to provide a model for decision‐making that, it is argued, will facilitate quality learning outcomes within the supervision relationship. In the fiduciary metaphor the focus is on a relationship which is essentially an ethical one of promoting the welfare of the student. The effectiveness and continuance of the relationship depends on trust. Differentials in knowledge and power are respected but not exploited. Those with greater knowledge and power have correspondingly greater obligations. The language is that of mutual responsibilities and obligations rather than rights. This is contrasted with paternalism, a widespread metaphor within the professions generally, which disempowers and marginalizes. 相似文献
20.
探索自适应学习的发展,发现自适应学习蕴含了学习主体的个体适应、学习过程的情境性、学习同伴的交互性、学习支持服务的全程性等基本内涵.解构自适应学习要素可以发现,自适应学习的结构元素包含人、学习场域、学习过程和学习评价.考察自适应学习过程,自适应学习可以分为准备情况对接、学习行为调控和自我提升几个过程.同时,提出了促进自适应学习的原则和策略. 相似文献