共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
青少年篮球运动员力量素质训练研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文主要从青少年生长发育规律,力量素质发展的年龄、性别特征和停训或减量训练后力量消退情况的角度,论述了青少年篮球运动员力量素质训练中应该注意的问题。 相似文献
2.
本文采用运动训练、减量训练、停止训练相结合的实验方法,通过阻抗心动图的测定,分别对A、B两组青春期少年的左心功能变化进行了纵向研究.结果发现经过3个月的定量训练两组少年的心脏工作能力均有显著提高,且A组减量训练一个月后仍保持较高的水平,但B组停训一个月后则表现出明显的回降.由此显见,青春期少年的心脏对运动刺激有着较高的敏感性和机能可塑性,这对正确指导青少年的体育锻炼和运动训练具有重要的理论和实践意义. 相似文献
3.
杨春霞 《山东体育学院学报》2006,22(1):77-79
在运动训练实践中,广大教练员运用超量恢复理论指导训练,即训练-停训周期交替进行,在停训时期内,选择训练后机体的超量恢复阶段施以新负荷,使技能水平不断提高。对于长期运动训练的运动员,如何合理有效地安排停训时间,基于其肌肉力量素质的变化规律。体育运动项目繁多,每个项目 相似文献
4.
刘远新 《沈阳体育学院学报》2010,29(4):64-68
目的：观察大鼠耐力训练后停训对骨骼肌肌浆网钙转运功能的影响。方法：选用2月龄健康纯种雄性SD大鼠40只,随机分组即正常对照组（NC）8只、耐力训练组（TC）8只、耐力停训组（DT）24只。其中耐力训练组和耐力停训组的训练周期均为6周,6周训练后将耐力停训组根据停训的不同周期随机分为3组,即耐力停训2周组（DT1组）,耐力停训4周组（DT2组）,耐力停训6周组（DT3组）。采用动物跑台对实验对象进行递增负荷的耐力训练,达到耐力训练模型标准后,再采用不同周期的停训模型。使用全自动血细胞分析仪进行血液学指标的测定,采用酶偶联法对大鼠骨骼肌肌浆网Ca^2＋-ATP酶活性进行测定;荧光分光光度计对大鼠肌浆网最大Ca^2＋摄取量和释放量进行测定。结果：①骨骼肌肌浆网Ca2＋-ATP酶活性和最大Ca^2＋摄取量：训练组较正常对照组显著增加（P〈0.01）;停训2周组与训练组比较变化不大（P〉0.05）;而停训4周、6周组与训练组相比较出现显著下降（P〈0.01）。②骨骼肌肌浆网最大Ca2＋释放量：训练组与正常对照组相比出现显著性增加（P〈0.05）;停训2周组与训练组比较差异不显著（P〉0.05）;而停训4周、6周组与训练组比较下降显著（P〈0.01）。结论：经耐力训练6周后,大鼠骨骼肌肌浆网Ca^2＋-ATP酶活性增强,最大钙摄取及释放量出现增加。而停训2周时骨骼肌肌浆网Ca^2＋-ATP酶活性、最大钙摄取及释放量下降不显著。停训4周及更长时间骨骼肌肌浆网Ca^2＋-ATP酶活性及最大钙摄取及释放量下降显著。 相似文献
5.
进入11月,天气转凉,本年度的国际国内各大田径赛事也都基本结束了,运动员们进入了停训期。在经过了一系列长期系统的运动训练、紧张的赛前备战以及大强度的比赛考验,运动员从生理及心理上需要有适度的放松,帮助他们在下一个训练周期发挥出更高水平,达到超量恢复的目的。但是停训并不意味完全放弃训练,如果完全停止训练,不仅容易产生“停训状态症”,而且会导致运动员整体运动水平下降,重新投入训练时也难恢复到原有水平,更不要说超量恢复了。所以即使是停训期,运动员也要自己掌握训练原则,安排一定训练内容,让身体始终保持比较稳定的训练状态,保证长期以来的训练效果,让运动能力得到最大保留,同时为下一个训练周期打下坚实基础。为了保证运动员顺利渡过停训期,我们可从训练内容和营养膳食两个方面考虑。首先,停训期属于过渡阶段,对于运动员来说,运动训练并不是完全终止,经过停训后还要重新开始系统的运动训练。所以停训期间运动员不能完全停止运动,每天还是要保持适当的运动量,做一些有氧练习如慢跑、骑车等,另外要保证一定的力量训练对容。从膳食营养上,运动员要兼顾营养素的全面摄入,多吃奶制品和水果蔬菜,主要注意以下几点: 相似文献
6.
笔者选用成年SD雄性大鼠40只,体重为200 220g,按体重分层,随机分为2组,正常对照组(NC,16只),快速力量训练组(PT,24只),快速力量训练6w后,PT组又分为快速力量训练对照组(PTC,12只)和快速力量停训组(PTD,12只),PTC组继续进行训练,PTD组进行6w停训观察,对大鼠左侧后腿腓肠肌进行组织化学实验。结果表明,快速力量训练后停训,肌肉中ATPase快速下降且不易恢复,SDH、LDH和Gn都呈现先下降后恢复,但并不同步,SDH和Gn都是先下降先恢复。 相似文献
7.
以优秀女子赛艇W8＋运动员为研究对象,探讨优秀女子公开级赛艇运动员在赛前训练和赛后停训及恢复训练阶段体成分和AT4功率的变化情况和相关性特点。结果：瘦体重和骨骼肌质量在赛前训练和赛后停训阶段呈显著下降,恢复训练5周后较赛前训练后期显著升高,但仍显著低于赛前训练初期水平;体脂%在赛前训练和停训及恢复训练阶段均呈连续显著升高趋势;AT4功率在赛前和恢复训练6周后变化不显著,仅与体脂%呈中度负相关（P〈0.01）。结论：AT4功率和体成分各指标在赛前训练和停训阶段易出现不良变化,且较难改善,较高的体脂%可能是限制运动水平提高的重要因素之一。 相似文献
8.
202例中年体育教师健康状况今昔调查与研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为观察青少年时期大运动量训练对人体的近期及远期影响,对202名中年体育教师运动训练前、中、后不同阶段的健康状况进行了调查、分析、研究,并将他们停训后多发疾患与两高校中年教师多发疾患进行了比较。结论指出,青少年时期从事的大运动量训练对以后的训练与健康无不良影响,停训后多发疾患的发病率远比两高校中年知识分子为少。 相似文献
9.
利用超声心动图进行横向研究发现,运动员的左、右心室直径和左室重量要显著大于普通人,但这并不能认为较大的心脏体积是由于运动训练而导致的,也可能是自然选择的结果。纵向研究也没有得到一致的结论。有关运动训练对心脏的影响,还可用停训对其的影响来研究,但这类报导并不多见。Ehsan等报道,6名大学长跑运动员停训四天后即发现左室直径、心室后壁厚度和左室重量有下降。我们最近报道了15名长跑运动员10天停训后血浆量的变化。本文主要研究停训对心脏和最大吸氧量的影响。 相似文献
10.
目的:比较耐力游泳训练和停训对大鼠白色脂肪组织PPARγ蛋白表达的影响,探讨停训对脂肪细胞增殖与分化的调控作用.方法:SD纯系雄性大鼠随机分为12周对照组(C12)、12周训练组(E12)和8周训练后停训4周组(DE)组,E12组和DE组大鼠进行无负重游泳训练.流式细胞仪技术检测大鼠脂肪组织中PPARγ及脂肪细胞增殖分化情况.结果:DE组大鼠内脏脂肪垫重量显著低于C12组,高于E12组;E12组大鼠的PPARγ蛋白表达量和脂肪细胞增殖比例均较相应C12组有显著增加;DE组的PPARγ蛋白表达量及脂肪细胞增殖分化与C12组及E12组无显著性差异.结论:系统游泳训练可促进生长发育期大鼠白色脂肪组织PPARγ蛋白表达量的增加,从而对脂肪细胞增殖分化的增加产生一定影响;大鼠游泳训练后的停训可增加其白色脂肪组织PPARγ蛋白表达量和脂肪细胞增殖分化比例,有内脏脂肪积累增多而表现出肥胖的倾向. 相似文献
11.
Y Fukuba M L Walsh R H Morton B J Cameron C T Kenny E W Banister 《Journal of sports sciences》1999,17(3):239-248
The aim of this study was to measure serial changes in the rate of blood lactate clearance (gamma2) in response to sequential periods of training and detraining in four male triathletes aged 22-44 years. There were two major phases of training and taper, each lasting 4-5 weeks (training 1 = 5 weeks, taper 1 = 2 weeks, training 2 = 4 weeks and taper 2 = 2 weeks), in preparation for a triathlon competition. The training stimulus absorbed by each subject was carefully quantified from the duration and intensity of the training exercise. A serial weekly measure of each trainee's physical response to training was evaluated as the peak power, termed a 'criterion performance', developed by a subject during a 30 W x min(-1) ramp cycle ergometer test to exhaustion each week. During 30 min of recovery after this test, 13 samples of venous blood were drawn sequentially from a subject to measure the blood lactate recovery curve. The rate constant of blood lactate clearance was estimated by a non-linear least-squares regression technique. In addition, the concurrent time to peak lactate concentration and the peak lactate concentration were also estimated to help define changing lactate kinetics. The criterion performance generally declined throughout each period of incremental training and improved during each taper period, rising iteratively in this way to be clearly above baseline by the end of the second taper. The blood lactate clearance rate increased transiently in early training before declining from the middle of the first training period to the middle of the first taper; thereafter, gamma2 increased above baseline in each trainee throughout the remaining first taper and the major portion of the second training period, decreasing only in the final criterion performance test. The time to peak lactate declined from baseline throughout all phases of training and taper. Peak blood lactate increased in all subjects to the end of the first taper before declining by the end of the second training period, rising again to baseline levels during the second taper. The change in gamma2 was examined relative to the work rate achieved in cycle ergometry above an initial baseline score (deltaCP) and against concurrent peak blood lactate. There was a clear upward shift in gamma2 above baseline throughout the first and second training and taper in two subjects; this was less clear in the remaining two subjects, each of whom had a lower deltaCP. We conclude that this indicates improved lactate clearance, manifest by the change in gamma2 induced by endurance training. 相似文献
12.
减量训练对大白鼠骨骼肌组织学的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
周思红 《西安体育学院学报》2002,19(2):46-48
大鼠经 6周渐增负荷训练后 ,随后进行 4周减量训练 ,通过对大鼠腓肠肌进行了组织学实验 ,即电镜与光镜观察。结果发现 ,通过 4周减量训练 ,采用光镜与电镜可观察到各组肌肉内肌纤维和结缔组织结构的细微变化情况。分析了 4周减量训练可能引起骨骼肌运动能力下降的机制 ,并建议肌肉在减量训练时宜采用较合理强度进行训练 ,才能较好地保持运动能力不致下降过多 相似文献
13.
运动员停训后心肺功能、能量代谢和骨骼肌代谢的变化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对短期停训引起运动员心肺功能、能量代谢及骨骼肌机能代谢等方面的变化进行分析,表明运动员停训两周即可出现其功能的显著变化,并且随着停训时间的延长,这些变化更为明显,从而影响到运动成绩。因此,要充分注意运动员在停训期各系统机能代谢的变化规律,有效地降低这些变化对运动成绩的负面影响。 相似文献
14.
Liu TC Liu YY Lee SD Huang CY Chien KY Cheng IS Lin CY Kuo CH 《Journal of sports sciences》2008,26(9):919-925
Athletes frequently adjust their training volume in line with their athletic competition schedule, onset of sport injury, and retirement. Whether maintenance of partial training activity during the detraining period can preserve optimal body composition and insulin sensitivity is currently unknown. Sixteen elite kayak athletes (mean VO2max: 58.5 ml.kg(-1).min(-1), s = 1.77) were randomly assigned to a totally detrained group (age: 20.8 years, s = 0.7; body mass index: 23.74, s = 0.54) or partially detrained group (age: 21.8 years, s = 0.7; body mass index: 23.20, s = 1.02), whereby totally detrained participants terminated their training routine completely and the partially detrained participants preserved approximately 50% of their previous training duration with equivalent intensity for one month. Body mass, waist circumference, oral glucose tolerance test, insulin, leptin, cortisol, and testosterone were measured during the trained state and after detraining. Waist circumferences for both the partially detrained and totally detrained groups were significantly elevated after detraining, with no group difference. However, body mass was reduced in both groups. Significant elevations in the area under the curve for insulin and fasted leptin with detraining were observed. These changes were greater in the totally detrained participants. In conclusion, the present results show that maintaining partial training activity cannot prevent an increase in waist circumference. During the detraining period, the magnitude of increase in plasma insulin and leptin concentrations was regulated in an activity-dependent manner. 相似文献
15.
Matheus Amarante Do Nascimento Aline Mendes Gerage Danilo Rodrigues Pereira Da Silva Alex Silva Ribeiro Daniel Gomes Da Silva Machado Fábio Luiz Cheche Pina 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(2):199-207
Objective: To analyse the effect of resistance training (RT) frequency on muscle mass, appendicular lean soft tissue, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), testosterone, and their changes with detraining in older women. Methods: Forty-five physically independent older women (≥ 60?years) were randomly assigned to perform RT either two (G2X, n = 21) or three times/week (G3X, n = 24), during 12?weeks (8 exercises, 1 set of 10–15 repetition maximum). Muscle mass and appendicular lean soft tissue, IGF-1, testosterone, and dietary intake were measured at pre-training, post-training, and after detraining (12?weeks). Results: Muscle mass and appendicular lean soft tissue significantly increased post-training (G2X?=?+5.5% and G3X?=?+5.8%, P?P?P?Conclusion: We conclude that lower RT frequency is as effective as higher frequency to improve muscle mass and appendicular lean soft tissue, and to maintain testosterone and IGF-1. Additionally, detraining may reduce testosterone regardless of RT frequency. These results are specifically for community-dwelling older women and may not be generalized to other populations. 相似文献
16.
补充扇贝肽对运动大鼠停训后萎缩骨骼肌细胞Caspase-3活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的:通过测试萎缩骨骼肌细胞Caspase-3、SOD活性和MDA含量,观察补充扇贝肽对运动大鼠停训导致骨骼肌萎缩后肌细胞Caspase-3活性及其抗氧化能力的影响,研究扇贝肽对停训后骨骼肌萎缩的干预作用。方法:40只SD雄性大鼠以15 m/min的速度,持续性水平跑台训练30 min开始进行递增负荷运动,运动6 d/周,休息1 d/周,速度递增3 m/min/周,时间递增30 min/周,运动3周后即刻处死10只大鼠为基础对照组,其余大鼠随机分组为补充安慰剂阴性对照组、补充牛乳阳性对照组和补充扇贝肽实验组,30只大鼠左侧后肢实施石膏固定模拟停训模型,并进行扇贝肽补充实验。实验组和对照组所有动物每天分别进行灌胃15%扇贝肽饮料2mL、等量的安慰剂和牛乳。结果:发现补充扇贝肽可显著减低停训后萎缩骨骼肌细胞MDA含量增加,增加SOD活性,提高细胞内抗氧化能力,可显著抑制停训后萎缩骨骼肌细胞Caspase-3的活性,从而抑制骨骼肌收缩蛋白和结构蛋白的降解,促进萎缩骨骼肌的恢复。 相似文献
17.
Complex training, a combination of resistance training and plyometrics is growing in popularity, despite limited support for its efficacy. In pre- and early pubertal children, the study of complex training has been limited, and to our knowledge an examination of its effect on anaerobic performance characteristics of the upper and lower body has not been undertaken. Furthermore, the effect of detraining after complex training requires clarification. The physical characteristics (mean+/-s) of the 54 male participants in the present study were as follows: age 12.3 +/- 0.3 years, height 1.57 +/- 0.07 m, body mass 50.3 +/- 11.0 kg. Participants were randomly assigned to an experimental (n = 33) or control group (n = 21). The training, which was performed three times a week for 12 weeks, included a combination of dynamic constant external resistance and plyometrics. After training, participants completed 12 weeks of detraining. At baseline, after training and after detraining, peak and mean anaerobic power, dynamic strength and athletic performance were assessed. Twenty-six participants completed the training and none reported any training-related injury. Complex training was associated with small increases (< or =5.5%) in peak and mean power during training, followed by decreases of a similar magnitude (< or = -5.9%) during detraining (P < 0.05). No changes or minor, progressive increases (< or =1.5%) were evident in the control group (P > 0.05). In the experimental group, dynamic strength was increased by 24.3 - 71.4% (dependent on muscle group; P < 0.01), whereas growth-related changes in the control group varied from 0 to 4.4% (P > 0.05). For 40-m sprint running, basketball chest pass and vertical jump test performance, the experimental group saw a small improvement (< or =4.0%) after training followed by a decline (< or = -4.4%) towards baseline during detraining (P < 0.05), whereas the control group experienced no change (P > 0.05). In conclusion, in pre- and early pubertal boys, upper and lower body complex training is a time-effective and safe training modality that confers small improvements in anaerobic power and jumping, throwing and sprinting performance, and marked improvements in dynamic strength. However, after detraining, the benefits of complex training are lost at similar rates to other training modalities. 相似文献
18.
S. Fryer K. Stone T. Dickson A. Wilhelmsen D. Cowen J. Faulkner 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(11):1235-1241
Intermittent exposure to hypoxia can lead to improved endurance performance. Currently, it is unclear whether peripheral adaptions play a role in improving oxygen delivery and utilization following both training and detraining. This study aimed to characterize skeletal muscle blood flow (mBF), oxygen consumption (mV?O2), and perfusion adaptations to i) 4-weeks handgrip training in hypoxic and normoxic conditions, and ii) following 4-weeks detraining. Using a randomised crossover design, 9 males completed 30-min handgrip training four times a week in hypoxic (14% FiO2 ~ 3250m altitude) and normoxic conditions. mBF, mV?O2 and perfusion were assessed pre, post 4-weeks training, and following 4-weeks detraining. Hierarchical linear modelling found that mV?O2 increased at a significantly faster rate (58%) with hypoxic training (0.09 mlO2·min?1 · 100g?1 per week); perfusion increased at a significantly (69%) faster rate with hypoxic training (3.72 μM per week). mBF did not significantly change for the normoxic condition, but there was a significant increase of 0.38 ml· min?1 · 100ml?1 per week (95% CI: 0.35, 0.40) for the hypoxic condition. During 4-weeks detraining, mV?O2 and perfusion significantly declined at similar rates for both conditions, whereas mBF decreased significantly faster following hypoxic training. Four weeks hypoxic training increases the delivery and utilisation of oxygen in the periphery. 相似文献
19.
Abstract Complex training, a combination of resistance training and plyometrics is growing in popularity, despite limited support for its efficacy. In pre- and early pubertal children, the study of complex training has been limited, and to our knowledge an examination of its effect on anaerobic performance characteristics of the upper and lower body has not been undertaken. Furthermore, the effect of detraining after complex training requires clarification. The physical characteristics (mean±s) of the 54 male participants in the present study were as follows: age 12.3 ± 0.3 years, height 1.57 ± 0.07 m, body mass 50.3 ± 11.0 kg. Participants were randomly assigned to an experimental (n = 33) or control group (n = 21). The training, which was performed three times a week for 12 weeks, included a combination of dynamic constant external resistance and plyometrics. After training, participants completed 12 weeks of detraining. At baseline, after training and after detraining, peak and mean anaerobic power, dynamic strength and athletic performance were assessed. Twenty-six participants completed the training and none reported any training-related injury. Complex training was associated with small increases (≤5.5%) in peak and mean power during training, followed by decreases of a similar magnitude (≤ ?5.9%) during detraining (P < 0.05). No changes or minor, progressive increases (≤1.5%) were evident in the control group (P > 0.05). In the experimental group, dynamic strength was increased by 24.3 – 71.4% (dependent on muscle group; P < 0.01), whereas growth-related changes in the control group varied from 0 to 4.4% (P > 0.05). For 40-m sprint running, basketball chest pass and vertical jump test performance, the experimental group saw a small improvement (≤4.0%) after training followed by a decline (≤ ?4.4%) towards baseline during detraining (P < 0.05), whereas the control group experienced no change (P > 0.05). In conclusion, in pre- and early pubertal boys, upper and lower body complex training is a time-effective and safe training modality that confers small improvements in anaerobic power and jumping, throwing and sprinting performance, and marked improvements in dynamic strength. However, after detraining, the benefits of complex training are lost at similar rates to other training modalities. 相似文献