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我们曾对美国优秀百米运动员的技术进行系统的生物力学分析,又对我国集训队男子短跑运动员进行多次技术诊断。在此基础上,研究我国优秀男子百米运动员途中跑技术存在的主要问题,为我国广大教练员及运动员进一步明确短跑技术概念及改进技术提供依据。研究方法本研究所采用的方法是生物力学指标对比法。即用世界水平的短跑运动员的途中跑技术与我国优秀短跑运动员的途中跑技术进行对比,所选择的参数都是早已证明与短跑成绩直接有关的。 相似文献
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研究方法 (同《我国优秀男子100米途中跑一个复步中各阶段时相、位移及速度的研研》一“研究方法”一节)。结果与讨论 (1)我国男子优秀短跑运动员100米途中跑一个复步躯干中心线到水平力向的夹角如表1所示。取左、右腿的平均值,一个复步中各关键瞬时的角度及其与我国女子优秀短跑运动员100米途中跑的相应参数比较或大或小的数值如下(参见《女子优秀短跑运动员途中跑着地和蹬地角度的探讨》一文): 相似文献
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通过对男子短跑运动员100m途中跑垂直缓冲时段运动学参数的灰色关联度分析，得出以下结论：下肢的关节点的夹角及上臂摆幅与跑速高度相关，各环节角度变化将影响短跑运动员跑进时的前蹬阻力及后蹬腿的蹬地方向，进而影响后蹬腿对地做功的有效功率。由此可见，增加短跑运动员途中跑垂直缓冲时段髋关节、膝关节及上臂前摆幅将有助于提高短跑的跑速。 相似文献
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在我们过去对美国优秀百米运动员的技术进行了系统的生物力学分析(缓冲与后蹬、摆动落地等)及对我国集训队男子短跑运动员进行了多次技术诊断的基础上,现对我国优秀男子百米运动员途中跑技术存在的主要问题进行分析,为我国广大教练员、运动员进一步明确短跑技术概念及改进技术提供依据。 相似文献
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我国优秀百米运动员途中跑技术存在问题的初步研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在我们过去对美国优秀百米运动员的技术进行了系统的生物力学分析(缓冲与后蹬、摆动、下地等)及对我国集训队男子短跑运动员进行多次技术诊断的基础上,现对我国优秀男子百米运动员途中跑技术存在的主要问题进行分析,为我国广大教练员及运动员进一步明确短跑技术概念及改进技术提供依据。 相似文献
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优秀男子短跑运动员百米后程跑减速的运动学分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
朱耀康 《上海体育学院学报》1994,18(1):61-67
采用高速摄影和影片解析的方法,对我国优秀男子短跑运动员途中跑和后程跑的支撑阶段等技术参数进行比较分析。结果显示,技术动作变形、单步支撑时间延长、步频下降等因素,是导致后程跑减速的主要原因。 相似文献
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采用摄像解析法和数理统计法,对男子短跑一、二级运动员途中跑支撑阶段的"身体姿位"参量进行比较研究.结果表明:一、二级运动员的部分"身体姿位"参量的差异存在显著性, "步长型"与"屈蹬型"技术都是短跑运动的先进技术. 相似文献
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研究方法参见《我国女子优秀短跑运动员途中跑一个复步中各阶段时间参数的探讨》一文中的研究方法。结果与讨论 (1)我国女子优秀短跑运动员途中跑一个复步中各阶段的人体重心水平位移参数如表1,表2、表3。一个复步中各阶段的水平位移随着跑的项目不同而不同。取左右腿的平均值,作示意图如图1所示. 相似文献
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Track compliance does not affect sprinting performance 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that sprint performance (time over a given distance) would be affected by track compliance, with better performances on the more compliant surface. Ten sprinters participated in the study. The athletes performed maximal sprints (60 m) on three different track configurations (hard, 5500 kN m(-1); soft, 2200 kN m(-1); spring, 550 kN m(-1)). A 60-m single-lane running surface was constructed. Plywood boards (1.2 cm thick) were placed on a 60 x 0.6 m wooden chipboard frame serving as the base surface. All participants ran two times on each track configuration in a randomized order. The athletes' kinematics were recorded using the Vicon 624 system with 12 cameras operating at 250 Hz. Four Kistler force plates (1250 Hz) were used to record ground reaction forces. Sprint performance (time over 60 m) was unaffected by the different track compliances (P= 0.57). In addition, there was no effect of track (P> 0.05) on the sprinting kinematics and kinetics of the ankle or knee joint. The hypothesis that sprint performance is affected by track compliance can be rejected because the sprinters recorded similar performances while sprinting over 60 m on all three track configurations. We conclude that: (1) the possible deformation of the track while sprinting is minor enough not to cause a specific adjustment in the leg mechanics affecting the effectiveness of the stretch-shortening cycle of the sprinters; and (2) the energy exchange between sprinters and tracks has only a marginal effect on sprint performance due to its small magnitude. More research on tracks with lower stiffness is required. 相似文献
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Masamichi Okudaira Steffen Willwacher Seita Kuki Kaito Yamada Takuya Yoshida Satoru Tanigawa 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(5):518-527
ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of slope on three-dimensional running kinematics at high speed. Thirteen male sprinters ran at high speed (7.5 m/s) on a motorised treadmill in each a level and a 5.0% slope condition. Three-dimensional motion analysis was conducted to compare centre of mass (CoM) energetics, pelvis segment and lower limb joints kinematics. We found that contact time was not affected by the slope, whereas flight time and step length were significantly shorter in uphill compared to level running. Uphill running reduced negative CoM work and increased positive CoM work compared to level running. Ankle, knee and hip joints were more flexed at initial ground contact, but only the knee was more extended at the end of stance in uphill compared to level running. Additionally, the hip joint was more abducted, and the free leg side of the pelvis was more elevated at the end of stance in uphill running. Our results demonstrate that joint motion must be developed from a more flexed/adducted position at initial contact through a greater range of motion compared to level running in order to meet the greater positive CoM work requirements in uphill running at high speed. 相似文献
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The start kinematics has been reported to differ between male and female sprinters. This study aimed to determine whether kinematic differences between the sexes are attributable to an effect of sex per se, or rather to the absolute performance level of the sprinters, quantified by the 100-m time. A total of 20 sprinters (10 M, 10 F), including world-class and elite athletes, were assessed. Start phases from the “set” position to the first two steps were analysed. Linear regression analyses showed a few significant differences between sexes when taking into account the effect of performance level: M had shorter pushing phase duration, higher horizontal velocity at block clearing, and shorter contact times of the first two steps. Conversely, the performance level affected most of the examined parameters: faster sprinters showed the centre of mass (CM) closer to the ground and a more flexed front knee in the “set” position, longer pushing phase duration, lower vertical velocity of the CM at block clearing, and longer contact times and shorter flight times in the first two steps. These findings suggest that the start kinematics is only partially affected by the sex of sprinters, whereas a bigger role is played by their performance level. 相似文献
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刘洵 《天津体育学院学报》1995,10(1):43-45
本研究对不同水平短跑运动员进行了运动前和运动后心肺机能及血液酸碱情况的测定，结果显示：较高水平运动员由于心肺机能在运动后一段时间内仍能维持在相对较高水平上，故氧供应充足，促进了乳酸代谢，以致他们的酸碱失衡恢复较快。 相似文献
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通过对九运会中国男子百米跑优秀运动员途中跑的技术录像解析，分析所获得的速度、角速度、步频、步长、单步各时相等运动学参数的具体指标，并与国内外优秀百米跑选手作比较，结果认为，九运会男子百米途中跑速度较以往有了明显的提高，原因主要是步长的提高，但与国外优秀选手还有差距，主要原因是步长不足；中国百米跑运动员应减少腾空时间以增大身体重心位移的支撑与腾空时间比；九运会男子百米跑运动员的摆腿及摆臂技术差异较大，且摆臂时前摆不足后摆过大，使身体产生向前的动力不足。 相似文献
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Sawas Stafilidis 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(13):1479-1490
Abstract The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that sprint performance (time over a given distance) would be affected by track compliance, with better performances on the more compliant surface. Ten sprinters participated in the study. The athletes performed maximal sprints (60 m) on three different track configurations (hard, 5500 kN · m?1; soft, 2200 kN · m?1; spring, 550 kN · m?1). A 60-m single-lane running surface was constructed. Plywood boards (1.2 cm thick) were placed on a 60 × 0.6 m wooden chipboard frame serving as the base surface. All participants ran two times on each track configuration in a randomized order. The athletes' kinematics were recorded using the Vicon 624 system with 12 cameras operating at 250 Hz. Four Kistler force plates (1250 Hz) were used to record ground reaction forces. Sprint performance (time over 60 m) was unaffected by the different track compliances (P = 0.57). In addition, there was no effect of track (P > 0.05) on the sprinting kinematics and kinetics of the ankle or knee joint. The hypothesis that sprint performance is affected by track compliance can be rejected because the sprinters recorded similar performances while sprinting over 60 m on all three track configurations. We conclude that: (1) the possible deformation of the track while sprinting is minor enough not to cause a specific adjustment in the leg mechanics affecting the effectiveness of the stretch – shortening cycle of the sprinters; and (2) the energy exchange between sprinters and tracks has only a marginal effect on sprint performance due to its small magnitude. More research on tracks with lower stiffness is required. 相似文献
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我国优秀男子100m跑运动员体能水平的评价与诊断 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用文献资料调研、问卷调查、专家访谈、测试与数理统计等研究方法,经过分层逐步回归分析,筛选出了有效反映我国男子100m跑健将级运动员体能水平的10项指标。对100m跑运动员体能各指标与100m跑成绩间的关系进行了灰色关联分析,并对运动员的体能水平进行了评价与诊断。 相似文献
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摆臂技术,是100m跑重要的专项技术。摆臂在运动员跑动过程中,不仅起到维持身体平衡的作用,而且还有提高跑速的作用。女子短跑运动员因先天生理因素,在上肢力量水平上与男子相差较远,且可训练性低于男子。通过文献资料法、实验、数理统计法、逻辑分析法,对肇庆职业学校田径队100m专项的16名高中女生进行上肢力量训练实验,结果表明高中女子短跑运动员维持其他训练手段不变,在上肢力量加强训练后,能够有效的提高短跑专项成绩。 相似文献
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我国优秀男子百米跑运动员体能指标的筛选与评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
袁运平 《天津体育学院学报》2003,18(4):54-58
为了全面认识和剖析我国优秀男子百米跑运动员的体能结构，以20世纪90年代以来我国男子百米健将级运动员17人为研究对象，采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、专家访谈法、测试法与数理统计法，运用分层逐步回归分析筛选出有效反映我国优秀男子百米跑运动员体能水平的10项指标；对运动员体能各指标与百米跑成绩间的关系进行了灰色关联分析；并确立了我国优秀男子百米跑运动员体能水平评价标准与方法学体系，对我国优秀男子百米跑运动员的体能水平进行了评价。 相似文献
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目的:探索短跑选手苏炳添、谢震业成绩提高过程中百米跑技术的变化特征,为其他短跑运动员训练提供参考。方法:通过信息技术和数理统计等方法,对其成绩提高过程技术数据进行测量分析,并与国外优秀选手进行比较。结果:①苏炳添、谢震业在成绩进步过程中,均对自身技术进行了一些尝试和改变,在自身较高步频、中等步长情况下,取得了较为理想的成绩;②从技术风格类型看,成绩提高过程中,苏炳添经历了“步长型-均衡型-步频型-均衡型”的转变;谢震业经历了“步频型-均衡型-步频型”的转变,在取得当前最佳成绩时,苏炳添采用了均衡型技术,谢震业采用了步频型技术;③与世界选手各分段步频均值相比,谢震业、苏炳添属于较高步频的跑法,在全程步频分配上,两者均在M型跑法下取得较好的成绩,符合高步频跑法的特点。结论:与世界优秀选手的分段步频相比,谢、苏两者均属于步频较高的选手,多波峰的M型跑法是较为适合其自身的跑法。 相似文献