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1.
Effects of aerobic exercise on overweight children's cognitive functioning: a randomized controlled trial 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Davis CL Tomporowski PD Boyle CA Waller JL Miller PH Naglieri JA Gregoski M 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2007,78(5):510-519
The study tested the effect of aerobic exercise training on executive function in overweight children. Ninety-four sedentary, overweight but otherwise healthy children (mean age = 9.2 years, body mass index 85th percentile) were randomized to a low-dose (20 min/day exercise), high-dose (40 min/day exercise), or control condition. Exercise sessions met 5 days/week for 15 weeks. The Cognitive Assessment System (CAS), a standardized test of cognitive processes, was administered individually before and following intervention. Analysis of covariance on posttest scores revealed effects on executive function. Group differences emerged for the CAS Planning scale (p = .03). Planning scores for the high-dose group were significantly greater than those of the control group. Exercise may prove to be a simple, yet important, method of enhancing aspects of children's mental functioning that are central to cognitive and social development. 相似文献
2.
该研究旨在观察乳酸阈强度训练提升超重女大学生心肺机能和改善身体成分的效果。方法：通过递增负荷实验测定超重女大学生个体乳酸阈，绘制血乳酸-走跑强度动力曲线，依此确定运动干预强度及设计运动方案；受试者进行12周乳酸阈强度运动训练；测定实验前后身体成分、肺活量、最大摄氧量、超声心动等指标进行与对照组的对比分析。结果显示：超重女大学生个体乳酸阈为3.75±0.91mmol/L，乳酸阈强度为6.91±0.88km/h，乳酸阈强度训练靶心率为137±12.2次/min；实验组训练后，体脂%、腹部脂肪含量等非常显著的下降，最大摄氧量、肺活量、每博输出量、射血分数显著性提升；对照组无明显变化。结论：12周乳酸阈强度运动锻炼可显著改善超重女大学生的心肺机能和身体成分；本研究得出的乳酸阈强度可作为超重女大学生有氧健身的参考强度。 相似文献
3.
In the present study, we evaluated the effects of a brief bout of exercise on executive function, short-term memory, and long-term memory tests. Eighteen young adults (mean age 22.2 years, s = 1.6) performed a set-switching test, a Brown-Peterson test, and a free-recall memory test before and after 40 min of moderate aerobic exercise on a cycle ergometer, and two control conditions. Exercise did not facilitate set switching or short-term memory, which suggests that exercise-induced arousal does not influence executive function processes involved in the reconfiguration of information in working memory. Exercise did alter specific aspects of delayed long-term memory. Free recall of items in the primacy and recency portions of the word list declined following the rest and non-exercise conditions, but was maintained after exercise, which suggests that exercise-induced arousal may facilitate the consolidation of information into long-term memory. 相似文献
4.
Myungjin Jung Liye Zou Jane Jie Yu Seungho Ryu Zhaowei Kong Lin Yang Minsoo Kang Jingyuan Lin Hong Li Lee Smith Paul D. Loprinzi 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2020,9(6):562-577
ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine (1) the independent effects of hypoxia on cognitive function and (2) the effects of exercise on cognition while under hypoxia.MethodsDesign: Systematic review with meta-analysis. Data sources: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsychInfo, and SPORTDiscus were searched. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies: randomized controlled trials and nonrandomized controlled studies that investigated the effects of chronic or acute exercise on cognition under hypoxia were considered (Aim 2), as were studies investigating the effects of hypoxia on cognition (Aim 1).ResultsIn total, 18 studies met our inclusionary criteria for the systematic review, and 12 studies were meta-analyzed. Exposure to hypoxia impaired attentional ability (standardized mean difference (SMD) = –0.4), executive function (SMD = –0.18), and memory function (SMD = –0.26), but not information processing (SMD = 0.27). Aggregated results indicated that performing exercise under a hypoxia setting had a significant effect on cognitive improvement (SMD = 0.3, 95% confidence interval: 0.14 – 0.45, I2 = 54%, p < 0.001). Various characteristics (e.g., age, cognitive task type, exercise type, exercise intensity, training type, and hypoxia level) moderated the effects of hypoxia and exercise on cognitive function.ConclusionExercise during exposure to hypoxia improves cognitive function. This association appears to be moderated by individual and exercise/hypoxia-related characteristics. 相似文献
5.
The link between physical activity and weight loss has precipitated interest in interventions to foster adherence to exercise. It has been suggested that treatment effects, when significant, should be analyzed to determine theory-based mediators. This research assessed possible mediation of changes in Physical Self-Concept, Exercise Self-Efficacy, Total Mood Disturbance, and Body Areas Satisfaction scores on the relationship between exercise session attendance and participation by obese women in a 6-month treatment based on tenets of social cognitive theory (n = 73) or a control condition (n = 64). Participation in the treatment was associated with significantly greater exercise session attendance and significantly greater improvements in Physical Self-Concept, Exercise Barriers Self-Efficacy, and Body Areas Satisfaction. Overall, changes in the assessed psychological factors demonstrated significant mediation of the association between group membership and exercise session attendance, R2 = .23, with only change in Physical Self-Concept scores providing a significant unique contribution. Extensions of this research across different sample types, and with longer durations, were suggested to refine theory and, ultimately, improve exercise adherence treatments. 相似文献
6.
Annesi JJ Unruh JL Marti CN Gorjala S Tennant G 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2011,82(1):99-108
The link between physical activity and weight loss has precipitated interest in interventions to foster adherence to exercise. It has been suggested that treatment effects, when significant, should be analyzed to determine theory-based mediators. This research assessed possible mediation of changes in Physical Self-Concept, Exercise Self-Efficacy, Total Mood Disturbance, and Body Areas Satisfaction scores on the relationship between exercise session attendance and participation by obese women in a 6-month treatment based on tenets ofsocial cognitive theory (n=73) or a control condition (n=64). Participation in the treatment was associated with significantly greater exercise session attendance and significantly greater improvements in Physical Self-Concept, Exercise Barriers Self Efficacy, and Body Areas Satisfaction. Overall, changes in the assessed psychological factors demonstrated significant mediation of the association between group membership and exercise session attendance, R2 = .23, with only change in Physical Self-Concept scores providing a significant unique contribution. Extensions of this research across different sample types, and with longer durations, were suggested to refine theory and, ultimately, improve exercise adherence treatments. 相似文献
7.
The present study aimed to assess the effects of 12 months of frequent tennis play on executive functions and the relationships of daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), physical competence, and enjoyment of playing tennis to executive functions in children. Thirty-two children (6–11 years old) who had regularly played tennis (once a week; mean?=?3 years, range?=?0–6 years) before the study were enrolled in a 12-month intervention. Participants were allocated into two groups: low-dose (maintain current frequency of tennis play, N?=?19) or high-dose (increased frequency of tennis play to four times per week, N?=?13). Participants’ MVPA, physical competence, enjoyment of playing tennis, and executive functions (i.e. inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility) were evaluated before and after this intervention. The high-dose group demonstrated a greater improvement in working memory than the low-dose group, while there was no group difference in MVPA, physical competence, and enjoyment of playing tennis. Changes in MVPA were associated with improvements in cognitive flexibility. Changes in physical competence were associated with improvements in working memory and cognitive flexibility. Changes in the enjoyment of playing tennis were associated with improvements in inhibitory control. The current findings suggest that replacement of MVPA with sports activity, such as tennis enhances executive functions development, and suggest that sports programmes that seek to build competence and enjoyment might help support the development of executive functions in children. 相似文献
8.
目的:观察补充纳米生血铁对高强度运动大鼠铁代谢相关指标的影响。方法:60只健康雄性SD大鼠为研究对象,体重(160±10)g,随机分为4组:A组为安静对照组(n=15)、B组为高强度运动对照组(n=15),C组为高强度运动补充生血铁组(n=15)、D组为高强度运动补充纳米生血铁组(n=15)。运动大鼠第1周20 m/min,30 min/次,2次/天,6天/周,休息1天;第2周25 m/min,60 min/次,2次/天,6天/周,休息1天;第3周30 m/min,90 min/次,2次/天,6天/周,休息1天;第4周35 m/min,120 min/次,2次/天,6天/周,休息1天。在最后一次运动后次日处死动物并取材测试。D组大鼠补充纳米生血铁,C组大鼠补充等量普通生血铁,A、B组大鼠补充等量安慰剂。结果:大鼠进行4周高强度递增负荷运动后,血清铁、血清总铁结合力、红细胞总数和血色素均显著下降;而补充纳米生血铁大鼠血清铁、血清总铁结合力、红细胞总数和血色素水平均显著升高。 相似文献
9.
Kathryn Coles 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(3):333-335
Abstract In the present study, we evaluated the effects of a brief bout of exercise on executive function, short-term memory, and long-term memory tests. Eighteen young adults (mean age 22.2 years, s = 1.6) performed a set-switching test, a Brown-Peterson test, and a free-recall memory test before and after 40 min of moderate aerobic exercise on a cycle ergometer, and two control conditions. Exercise did not facilitate set switching or short-term memory, which suggests that exercise-induced arousal does not influence executive function processes involved in the reconfiguration of information in working memory. Exercise did alter specific aspects of delayed long-term memory. Free recall of items in the primacy and recency portions of the word list declined following the rest and non-exercise conditions, but was maintained after exercise, which suggests that exercise-induced arousal may facilitate the consolidation of information into long-term memory. 相似文献
10.
目的:系统评价体力活动对痴呆患者认知功能的干预效果。方法:计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science、The Cochrane Library、EMbase、Medline、CBM、CNKI、VIP和Wan Fang Data数据库中有关体力活动对痴呆患者认知功能的随机对照试验(RCTs),检索时限均从各个数据库收录起始年限至2018年7月27日,使用PEDro量表进行方法学质量评价,采用Revman5.3软件进行Meta分析,采用Stata14.0软件进行发表偏倚检验。结果:共纳入24个RCT,包括1581例痴呆患者。Meta分析结果显示:体力活动对痴呆患者整体认知功能(MD=2.17,95%CI:1.50,2.84,P<0.00001)有积极的影响。亚组分析结果显示:体力活动对AD患者(MD=2.40,95%CI:1.58,3.23,P<0.00001)与合并AD患者(MD=1.45,95%CI:0.41,2.48,P=0.006)的整体认知功能优于对照组;有氧运动(MD=2.43,95%CI:1.63,3.23,P<0.00001)与混合运动(MD=1.48,95%CI:0.08,2.87,P=0.04)对痴呆患者整体认知功能优于对照组,但抗阻运动(MD=1.70,95%CI:-0.15,3.55,P=0.07)与太极拳运动(MD=0.92,95%CI:-2.98,4.82,P=0.64)与对照组差异无统计学意义;高频率体力活动(MD=1.64,95%CI:0.25,3.04,P=0.02)与低频率体力活动(MD=2.33,95%CI:1.57,3.09,P<0.00001)对痴呆患者的整体认知功能均优于对照组。不同认知领域Meta分析结果显示:体力活动对痴呆患者执行功能(SMD=0.08,95%CI:-0.05,0.20,P=0.22)、TMT-A与TMT-B(SMD=-0.05,95%CI:-0.26,0.16,P=0.63)和记忆功能(SMD=0.15,95%CI:-0.06,0.37,P=0.17)与对照组相比差异无统计学意义,只有注意力(SMD=0.18,95%CI:0.02,0.35,P=0.03)优于对照组。结论:体力活动干预对AD患者与合并AD患者的整体认知功能有积极影响,并且有氧与混合、高频率与低频率的体力活动干预对所有痴呆患者的整体认知功能同样有效,不同认知领域中只有注意力有改善效果。 相似文献
11.
目的：采用大鼠下坡跑运动损伤模型,研究离心力竭运动后不同时刻大鼠骨骼肌肌浆网Ca^2＋-ATP酶活性的变化,探讨离心力竭运动所致骨骼肌超微结构损伤机制,为科学运动训练及运动恢复提供实验和理论依据。方法：雄性SD大鼠60只随机分为6组（每组10只）：安静对照组、运动后即刻组、12h组、24h组、48h组和72h组,以速度16m/min,坡度-16°进行跑台运动,运动100min,休息5min,再运动100min,在不同时刻观察大鼠肱三头肌肌浆网Ca^2＋-ATP酶活性的变化。结果：运动后即刻肌浆网Ca^2＋-ATP酶活性与对照组相比显著下降（P〈0.01）,随后开始恢复,运动后24h接近对照组水平（P〉0.05）,运动后48h已完全恢复到对照组水平。结论：离心力竭运动后即刻大鼠肱三头肌肌浆网Ca^2＋-ATP酶活性显著下降,随后逐渐恢复,运动后24h明显恢复,至48h已完全恢复,肌浆网Ca^2＋-ATP酶活性的变化可以间接评定运动后骨骼肌的损伤。 相似文献
12.
目的:探讨有氧运动对大鼠心肌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响及其可能机制。方法:选取3月龄雄性SD大鼠30只,体重180～220g。随机分为正常对照组和有氧运动组,每组15只。正常对照组大鼠常规笼内生活,有氧运动组大鼠进行8wk有氧运动。运动以15m/min的速度开始,运动20min后,以3m/min的递增速度逐渐递增至20m/min,并增加跑台坡度至5°,总运动时间为60min,5d/1wk×8wk。训练结束后,测定HR、LVSP、LVEDP和±dp/dtmax等指标,判定各组大鼠心功能变化;之后开胸摘取心脏,进行组织学制片、Masson染色和心肌细胞分离与激光共聚焦显微镜观察;免疫组织化学法观察分析干细胞表面标记蛋白c-kit及其配体SCF,细胞凋亡相关因子Bax、Bcl-2和p53蛋白表达;Western Blotting法分析细胞周期与细胞增殖相关蛋白CyclinD2、CDK4和PCNA的表达。结果:与正常对照组相比,有氧运动组大鼠心系数均显著增加(P<0.05);HR和LVEDP均显著下降(P<0.05),LVSP和±dp/dtmax均显著升高(P<0.05),双核心肌细胞出现率显著增加(P<0.05),心肌组织中,c-kit和SCF的MOD值均显著升高(P<0.01),Bcl-2的MOD值显著升高(P<0.05),p53的MOD值显著下降(P<0.01),Bax的MOD值显著下降(P<0.05);心肌组织CyclinD2和CDK4蛋白表达有升高趋势,但无显著性差异,PCNA蛋白表达显著升高(P<0.01)。结论:证实了有氧运动可显著提高大鼠心功能;证实了大鼠心肌细胞存在着增殖现象;有氧运动可抑制促凋亡因子的表达,抑制心肌细胞凋亡;发现了有氧运动可促进心肌细胞增殖相关因子的表达,诱导心肌细胞的增殖。有关运动影响心肌细胞增殖与凋亡的分子机制,有待于进一步深入研究。 相似文献
13.
The short-term after effects of a bout of moderate aerobic exercise were hypothesized to facilitate children's executive functioning as measured by a visual task-switching test. Sixty-nine children (mean age=9.2 years) who were overweight and inactive performed a category-decision task before and immediately following a 23-min bout of treadmill walking and, on another session, before and following a nonexercise period. The acute bout of physical activity did not influence the children's global switch cost scores or error rates. Age-related differences in global switch cost scores, but not error scores, were obtained. These results, in concert with several studies conducted with adults, fail to confirm that single bouts of moderately intense physical activity influence mental processes involved in task switching. 相似文献
14.
Matthew R. Rhea Brent A. Alvar Lee N. Burkett 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):485-488
We assessed the factor structure of a revised version of the Exercise Imagery Inventory (EII; Giacobbi, Hausenblas, &; Penfield, 2005), second-order interrelationships for cognitive and motivational forms of mental imagery, and associations with exercise behavior and barriers self-efficacy. A convenience sample of 358 (M age = 20.55 years, SD = 3.88) college students completed the EII-revised (EII-R), a measure of barriers self-efficacy and the Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire. The EII-R demonstrated reliability and factorial validity with good model fit statistics. We observed second-order relationships among scale scores and discriminant validity evidence that distinguished cognitive (e.g., exercise technique, exercise routines) and motivational (e.g., appearance/health, exercise self-efficacy, exercise feelings) factors. The second-order imagery factors were significantly and moderately associated with barriers self-efficacy and exercise behavior. 相似文献
15.
Giacobbi PR Tuccitto DE Buman MP Munroe-Chandler K 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2010,81(4):485-493
We assessed the factor structure of a revised version of the Exercise Imagery Inventory (ELI; Giacobbi, Hausenblas, & Penfield, 2005), second-order interrelationships for cognitive and motivational forms of mental imagery, and associations with exercise behavior and barriers self-efficacy. A convenience sample of 358 (M age = 20.55 years, SD = 3.88) college students completed the EII-revised (EII-R), a measure of barriers self-efficacy and the Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire. The EII-R demonstrated reliability and factorial validity with good model fit statistics. We observed second-order relationships among scale scores and discriminant validity evidence that distinguished cognitive (e.g., exercise technique, exercise routines) and motivational (e.g., appearance/health, exercise self-efficacy, exercise feelings) factors. The second-order imagery factors were significantly and moderately associated with barriers self-efficacy and exercise behavior. 相似文献
16.
目的：探讨分类研发的运动干预方案对不同类型学习困难小学生脑执行功能改善的有效性,进而为促进小学生脑执行功能健康发展提供可选择的精准运动干预方案。方法：依据运动干预改善小学生脑执行功能发展的多路径理论,针对不同类型学习困难小学生脑执行功能发育特征,分别开发"趣味游戏+花样跳绳+花样跑步"（针对语困小学生）、"合作游戏+武术操+花样踢毽"（针对数困小学生）、"篮球"（针对双困小学生）运动干预方案,采用2（组别：实验组、对照组）×2（类型：学困小学生、普通小学生）×2（时间：前测、后测）三因素混合实验设计,实验组实施10周的运动干预,对照组进行常规体育课内容,实验前、后采用脑执行功能测量工具全面评价不同类型学习困难和普通小学生的脑执行功能。结果：（1）从脑执行功能发育特征上看：语困小学生的刷新功能水平低于普通小学生,且具有非常显著性差异,抑制、转换功能与普通小学生无显著性差异;数困小学生的抑制功能水平低于普通小学生,且具有非常显著性差异,刷新、转换功能与普通小学生无显著差异;双困小学生的抑制功能、刷新功能和转换功能水平均低于普通小学生,且均具有显著性差异。（2）从运动干预方案的有效性上看："趣味游戏+花样跳绳+花样跑步"方案能够有效改善语文学习困难和普通小学生的刷新功能;"合作游戏+武术操+花样踢毽"方案能够有效改善数学学习困难和普通小学生的抑制功能;"篮球"方案能够有效改善双困和普通小学生的抑制、刷新和转换功能。（3）从脑执行功能的改善效果上看："趣味游戏+花样跳绳+花样跑步"方案对语文学习困难小学生刷新功能的改善效果优于普通小学生;"合作游戏+武术操+花样踢毽"方案对数学学习困难小学生抑制功能的改善效果优于普通小学生;"篮球"方案对双困小学生抑制、刷新和转换功能的改善效果优于普通小学生。结论：（1）语文学习困难小学生刷新功能发育水平低于普通小学生,数学学习困难小学生抑制功能发育水平低于普通小学生,双困小学生抑制、刷新、转换功能发育水平均低于普通小学生。（2）分类开发的运动干预方案能够针对性的、有效的改善不同类型学习困难小学生的脑执行功能,且改善效果优于普通小学生。 相似文献
17.
目的:观察健身气功.五禽戏辅助治疗类风湿关节炎患者的疗效。方法:79名实验对象随机分为气功锻炼组和对照组。运动组进行6个月有组织的新编气功.五禽戏健身锻炼。运动强度的确定依据Jungmann公式,每天1次、每次运动40m,对照组不安排运动。结果:与对照组相比,实验组疗效显著率显著高于对照组(P<0.01),各项指标均具有显著性的差异:其中关节肿胀指数(P<0.01)、关节压痛指数(P<0.05)、晨僵时间(P<0.05)、ESR(P<0.05)、CRP(P<0.01)、AST(P<0.01)、ALT(P<0.01)及双手指间关节X线检查骨质破坏发生率%(P<0.05)。结论:健身健身气功.五禽戏对类风湿关节炎性病情有较好的辅助治疗作用,有利于患者的康复。 相似文献
18.
目的运动干预对学生身体形态及素质有重要影响,为了更准确地了解有氧运动的强度不同是否有不同的监控体重的效果。方法采用两种不同有氧强度的运动干预方案探讨对超重、肥胖女大学生身体形态、身体循环机能和身体素质的影响。结果和结论运动干预前后,超重、肥胖女大学生各身体形态指标均值均有显著性下降。运动干预后,BMI指标下降最为明显(P<0.05),肥胖组女生WHR指标受大强度运动干预影响较大(P<0.05)。不同运动强度对超重、肥胖女大学生身体循环机能的显著性影响仅体现在大强度运动对各组内女生舒张压指标的影响(P<0.05)和中等强度运动干预对肥胖组女生舒张压的影响(P<0.05),对超重、肥胖学生减脂降重有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
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研究目的：探讨趣味性有氧运动干预对青春启动前期肥胖儿童身体成分、生理机能、身体素质的影响,为增强肥胖学生体质提供依据。研究方法：选取9～11岁小学生60名,其中正常体重26名,单纯性肥胖34名（对照组、干预组各17名）。肥胖干预组进行了60%～70%HRmax×40～60 min,4次/周,共22周的有氧运动,活动内容以趣味性体育游戏为主。研究结果：趣味性有氧运动干预后,肥胖儿童的身体成分,身体机能与身体素质均得到不同程度的改善。主要变现为：BMI均值下降了1.69,体脂%下降了5.29%,肌肉重量增加了2.67 kg（P〈0.01）。心率恢复率提高了2.48%,肺活量体重指数提高了6.91 ml/kg（P〈0.01）。50m×8提高了0.18 s,立定跳远提高了7.31cm,实心球提高了1.01m,象限跳提高了5个/10 s,坐位体前屈提高了2.89 cm,差异具有显著性。研究结论：22周趣味性有氧运动干预可有效降低学生肥胖程度,提高肥胖学生的心肺功能及身体素质。 相似文献
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目的:探讨八段锦训练联合有氧踏车训练对经皮冠状动脉治疗(percutaneous oronary interventio,PCI)术后患者的焦虑、抑郁情绪及心肺功能的影响。方法:选取首都医科大学附属北京康复医院心脏康复中心2018年2月-2020年1月收治的冠心病PCI后80例患者,随机分为实验组和对照组,对照组给予常规药物治疗及健康宣教,实验组在常规药物治疗及健康宣教基础上给予八段锦训练联合有氧踏车训练,一次训练包括30 min有氧踏车、28 min八段锦训练,3次/周(周一、三、五),持续12周。结果:术后第13周,实验组广泛性焦虑障碍(GAD-7)评分(3.23±1.72)及病例健康问卷(PHQ-9)评分(3.75±1.15)明显低于术后第1周GAD-7评分(4.68±2.86)及PHQ-9评分(4.93±2.76),具有显著性差异(P<0.001);与对照组比较,术后第13周实验组GAD-7评分与PHQ-9评分具有显著性差异(P<0.05);峰值摄氧量(19.84±1.12)ml·min^-1·kg^-1、峰值氧脉搏(12.91±0.72)ml.次^-1、无氧阈摄氧量(12.75±1.21)ml·min^-1·kg^-1、无氧阈代谢当量(4.68±0.56)METs,均明显高于术后第1周,具有显著性差异(P<0.001);实验组差值与对照组差值比较,具有显著性差异(P<0.001)。结论:八段锦训练联合有氧踏车训练能够明显改善患者的焦虑、抑郁情绪以及患者的心肺功能。 相似文献