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1.
本文借助光学显微镜和扫描电镜，对我国产鸢尾属Iris L．32种植物的花粉形态进行
了观察。该属植物的花粉为舟形或近球形。萌发孔可分为远极单沟、远极单沟-拟沟、二合
沟及无萌发孔等类型。外壁主要为网状纹饰，少数具瘤状或鼓槌状纹饰。本文依据花粉形态 和其它器官特征，对本属花粉外壁及萌发孔的演化趋势及某些种的分类地位进行了探讨。 相似文献
2.
本文对分布于我国的椴树科(Tiliaceae)9属44种植物的花粉形态进行了光学显微镜
的系统观察，并对其中10种花粉的外壁细微结构进行了扫描电镜观察。本科花粉为长球形、
扁球形和球形，萌发孔为长3孔沟、短3孔沟和3(一4)孔三种类型，外壁主要为网状纹饰，个 别属为刺状纹饰。根据花粉资料，本文还探讨了该科植物分类中的某些问题。 相似文献
3.
本文借助光学显微镜和扫描电镜，对豹子花属Nomocharis 6种植物和百合属Lilium 4
种植物的花粉形态与外部特征作了较系统的比较研究，其结果如下： 1．豹子花属植物花粉的
萌发孔均为单沟(远极)型，根据其外壁结构及表面纹饰的特点，可分为基柱网纹型和网纹
型，结合外部形态特征推断，可能存在由基柱网纹→网纹的进化趋势。 2．百合属植物花粉
的萌发孔多为单沟(远极)型，稀为2一3孔型，然而，其中外部形态极为相近的小百合集合群与
尖被百合在花粉形态上表现出较大的差异，这一事实为研究百合科花粉的演化提供了线索。豹
子花属与百合属花粉虽在表面纹饰上存在区别，但从外部形态上，该属的一些种类与百合属极 为相近，反映出二属之间存在着较为紧密的亲缘关系。 相似文献
4.
中国茄科天仙子亚族的花粉形态研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文作者对国产茄科天仙子亚族6个属、12种植物的花粉，用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和
透射电镜观察了它们外壁雕纹、萌发孔的类型以及外壁层次的结构。 本亚族花粉以无萌发孔
和三孔沟类型为主，其次为三沟和拟沟类型。根据花粉资料，表明花粉形态特征对于论证该亚族内属的界限和属间系统发育的关系，可以提供重要的依据。 相似文献
5.
系统报道了中国桑寄生科Loranthaceae33种5变种植物的花粉形态，并与澳大利亚
2属6种植物的花粉形态做了比较。通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察，国产桑寄生科花粉外壁
纹饰可明显分为两个类型:一种类型为刺状或条状纹饰，另一种为颗粒状纹饰，这与该科的鞘
花族和桑寄生族两个族相吻合。在鞘花族类型中，3合沟、钝刺状或条状纹饰的花粉是基本类
型，合半沟或孔沟形，刺状纹饰的花粉是较进化的类型;在桑寄生族类型中，等极、3合沟、
颗粒状纹饰的花粉是基本类型，异极、副合半沟-合半沟、3沟形和沟形-短沟形或沟孔形、粗
糙或模糊颗粒状纹饰的花粉是较进化类型。根据萌发孔和纹饰可将桑寄生族类型花粉分为3个
类群:类群I包括五蕊寄生属Dendrophtho、梨果寄生属Scurrula、钝果寄生属Taxillus和大苞
寄生属Tolypanthus;类群II仅包括离瓣寄生属Helixanthera;类群III也仅1属，桑寄生属Lor
anthus。在这3个类群中，类群I属于基本的类型，属间花粉差别较小，其中梨果寄生属和钝
果寄生属花粉差别最小，显示出较近的亲缘关系;类群II和类群III皆是较进化类型。 相似文献
6.
席以珍 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1985,23(5):336-343
白头翁属(Pulsatilla Mill．)花粉共有4个萌发孔类型：1．三沟类型; 2．散沟类型;
3．散孔类型; 4．二型花粉类型。各类型之间的演化趋势是：三沟→散沟→散孔类型。外
壁表面具大、小两型小刺和小穿孔。根据外壁表面小刺的粗细和小穿孔的分布，可将本属分
为两个类群，即一类为表面呈波浪状，小刺较粗，基部具垫状隆起，小穿孔分布在隆起之间的低
凹处; 另一群外壁表面平，刺较细，排列稀，小穿孔均匀分布在花粉的表面上。利用透射电镜观
察本属三沟型和散孔型的外壁内部结构是一致的，即都由薄的内层与厚的外层组成。内层在 沟和孔下面均加厚，在沟间区和孔间区变薄。外层包括覆盖层、柱状层和基层。 相似文献
7.
鲁迎青 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1991,29(4):352-357
本文作者首次观察了峨眉山凤仙花属Impatiens 13个野生种的花粉形态，发现3沟和4沟类型
花粉均出现在这一地区。其中3沟花粉与同科另一属水角属Hydrocera的花粉十分相似。同时注意到
花粉形态与其花的形态在某些方面具相关性，结合地理分布和生长习性等特性，得出以下结论：1．凤仙
花属3沟型花粉所指示的植物类群为一自然类群，并与水角属具有较密切的亲缘关系；2．凤仙花属4沟型花粉常具种水平上的差异，对属内类群划分具有系统学意义。 相似文献
8.
采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对中国蓼属叉分蓼组20种3变种的花粉形态进行了观察和研究。结果表明其花粉形态大多数为近球形至近长球形，少数为扁球形或长球形；花粉大小为20.4～44.0µm×17.0～34.0µm：从萌发孔看，有3沟、3 孔沟、多沟、散沟；外壁纹饰为微刺—穴状、刺状、粗网状、皱块状。据此，该组花粉可划分为5种类型，即叉分蓼型(Aconogonon-type)、钟花蓼型(Campanulatum-type)、大连线冰岛蓼型(Forrestii-type)、西伯利亚蓼(Sibiricum-type)及多穗蓼型(Polystachyum-type)，编制了这些花粉类型检索表。叉分蓼型花粉的主要特征是具3沟，外壁纹饰为微刺-穴状，此种类型的植物有14种2变种。钟花蓼型花粉的主要特征是具6散沟，外壁纹饰为微刺-穴状，此种类型的植物有钟花蓼和绒毛钟花蓼。西伯利亚蓼型花粉的主要特征是具3孔沟，外壁纹饰为皱块状，此种类型的植物有西伯利亚蓼。多穗蓼型花粉的主要特征是具6(~8)多沟，外壁纹饰为粗网状，此种类型的植物有松林蓼及多穗蓼。大连线冰岛蓼型花粉的主要特征是具散沟，外壁纹饰为显著的长刺状，此种类型的植物有大铜钱叶蓼及铜钱叶蓼，结果表明叉分蓼组的花粉形态具有重要的分类学意义，研究结果支持将叉分蓼组上升为属的等级，也支持Knorringia的属的地位，大铜钱叶蓼和铜钱叶蓼应移入Koenigia属中，而松林蓼和多穗蓼仍保留在蓼属中。 相似文献
9.
本文对泽泻科11属27种代表植物的花粉进行了光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜观察。在系统描述了该科及各属植物花粉形态的基础上，将泽泻科植物的花粉划分为3种类型，即少果泽苔草型、慈菇型和泽泻型。根据花粉形态特征的比较，并依据泽泻科植物祖先类群的花粉具有船形、具单沟萌发孔、花粉外壁具明显的刺状纹饰、覆盖层完整无通道等特征，作者认为泽泻科植物花粉形态的如下演化趋势是明显的：由船形演化为卵球形、球形和多面体球形；由单沟萌发孔经过一无孔的中间类型演化为散孔类型；孔膜由光滑演化为具颗粒和小刺；萌发孔不内陷进化到内陷；花粉粒外壁的刺状纹饰逐渐过渡为颗粒状纹饰或者消失，以及覆盖层由无通道到具细通道和通道。 相似文献
10.
苹果属花粉形态特征及其分类学和进化意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文用扫描电镜观察了苹果属Malus 26种及5个杂种的花粉形态，描述了外壁纹饰形态特征的
变化类型，并对其进化趋势作了推论，指出外壁纹饰类型具属内分组意义。苹果属花粉在形状。大小、沟孔位置及数量、外壁纹饰等方面都十分相似。外壁纹饰的主要演化趋势可能是：由密的细条纹型到具有穿孔的、较少条纹型。杂种的外壁纹饰对于判断亲本种的关系有一定意义，属内种间的杂合导致了多倍体种、新变种、栽培种的大量出现，甚至是新种产生的方式。 相似文献
11.
本文根据我国薯蓣属(Dioscorea L．)根状茎组(Sect. Stenophora Uline)的外部形态特征、细胞染色体数、花粉形态、植物化学成分、地理分布等的规律，证明根状茎组是该属中的一个比较原始的自然类群：1．具横走的多年生地下根状茎，其它组是一年生或多年生的块茎；2．大部分是2倍体，其它组是多倍体；3．花粉粒单沟型，外壁纹饰网纹或颗粒条纹，其它组为双沟型，外壁纹饰网纹；4．含甾体皂甙元(steroidal sapogenin)，其它组不含。
我们的研究观察证明，N．N．TepaCNMeHKO根据R.Knuth系统(1924)提出的薯蓣皂甙元在该属中无分布规律的说法是无充分依据的。
本文讨论了某些组或种的划分及系统位置：取消sect.Illigerestrum Prain et Burk.；将马 肠薯蓣(D．simulans Prain et Burk．)改属根状茎组；触丝薯蓣(D．tentaculigera Prain et Burk.)应列入顶生翅组 (Sect．shannicorea Prain et Burk．)， 并提出了盾叶薯蓣 (D. zingiberensis Wright)和穿龙薯蓣(D．nipponica Makino)种的划分和定名的意见。 相似文献
12.
王镜泉 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1990,28(5):372-378
利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜，对我国眼子菜属、角果藻属和水麦冬属1 9种植物的花粉形
态进行了研究。在对比观察的基础上，总结了各属的特征，归纳了眼子菜属的花粉类型，并讨论了一些有关分类的问题。 相似文献
13.
The pollen morphology of 11 species and 1 variety in the genus Lespedeza and its
allied genera (Campylotropis, Kummerowia) from NE China was examined under light and
scanning electron microscopes.
1. Lespedeza Michx. (plate 1:1-6; 2:1-6; 3:1-6; 4:1-2)
Pollen grains prolate, rarely subprolate or spheroidal, elliptic or rarely suborbicular in equa-
torial view, 3-lobed-rounded in polar view, tricolporate, colpus margins smooth or jagged. Polar
axis 20.7-33.1μm long, equatorial axis 15.4-20.9 μm long. Exine reticulate or foveolate, lu-
mina verrucose or smooth under SEM.
2. Campylotropis Bge. (plate 4:3-4)
One species in NE China, C. macrocarpa (Bge.) Rehd. Pollen grains prolate, elliptic in
equatorial view, 3-lobed-rounded in polar view, 3-colporate, colpus linear, 25.1μm long, 1.79μm
broad, colpus margins jagged, with a series of verrucae equal in size along one side visible
under SEM. Polar axis 19.7μm long, equatorial axis 14.6μm long. Exine reticulate, lumina
nearly rounded, verrucose at periphery under SEM.
3. Kummerowia Schindl. (plate 4:5-6)
Pollen grains spheroidal, oblate or prolate, elliptic in equatorial view, obtuse-triangular in
polar view, tricolporate, colups linear, 25.1μm long, 2.01μm broad, colpus margins sinuate.
Polar axis 24.7-27.9μm long, equatorial axis 19.7-26.6μm long. Exine reticulate or subreti-
culate, lumina nearly rounded, with verrocae visible under SEM.
According to the pollen morphology of Lespedeza and its allied genera, the division of
Lespedeza (s. lat.) into Lespedeza (S. str.), Campylotropis and Kummarowia by Schindler (1912)
is reasonable. The subdivision of Lespedeza (s. str.) into Sect. Macrolespedeza and Sect. Lespe-
deza by many botanists, and the treatment of Lespedeze juncea (L. f.) Pers. var. inschanica
Maxim. as an independent species (i.e. Lespedeza inschanics (Maxim). Schindl.) are also suppor-
ted by the pollen morphology shown in the present work. 相似文献
14.
The present paper deals with the pollen morphology of 10 species and 1 variety of Loxostemon in China. The pollen grains were all examined under light microscope.
The pollen grains of Loxostemon are subspheroidal, spheroidal or prolate, 18--33×11.8-28 μ in size, 3-colpate, colpi 15-21 μ long and 1-2 μ wide. The exine is 1.5-3 μ thick with two indistinct or distinct layers.
All the pollen grains are generally reticulate under light microscope. They are distinctly or obscurely and finely reticulate. L. axillus and L. repens are generally similar in gross morphology, but the pollen grains of these two species are different. The pollen grains of L. axillus are regularly polygonally reticulate, colpi are acute-ended and the exine is about 3 μ thick, whereas those of L.repens are irregularly polygonally reticulate, colpi are enlarged at both ends and the exine is about 2.8 μ thick. L. incanus and L. stenolobus appear to have similar gross morphology, but the pollen grains of the former have exines with two distinct layers and a densely and finely reticulate ornamentation and those of the latter have exines with two indistinct layers and a flexuosely reticulate ornamentation. 相似文献
15.
The present paper describes the pollen morphology of 30 species belonging to 7 genera of Plumbaginaceae from China. The pollen grains were all examined under light microscope, and those of some species under scanning and transmission electron microscope.
The pollen grains of the family are subspheroidal, prolate or oblate, (37.5-74.5)× (40.4-81.9)μ in size, 3-colpate, rarely 4-6-colpate, only pancolpate in Ceratostigma willmottianum. The exine 2-layered, 2.0-7.4μ thick, sexine thicker than nexine, verrucate, reticulate or coarsely reticulate.
On the basis of the morphology, two types of pollen grains are distinguished in the
family:
(1) The pollen grains are 3-(rarely 4-6 ) or pancolpate, the exine verrucate. They are found in the tribe Plumbagineae (inculuding the genera Ceratostigma, Plumbago and Plumbagella).
(2) The pollen grains are all 3-colpate, the exine reticulate or coarsely reticulate. They are found in the tribe Staticeae (including the genera Acantholimon, Ikonnikovia, Goniolimon and Limonium ). 相似文献
16.
本文继续报道了薯蓣属(Dioscorea L.)块茎类5个组(sect． Combilium Pr．et Burk.，Sect. Lasiophyton Pr． et Burk.， Sect. Opsophyton Uline， Sect． Shannicorea Pr. et Burk.， Sect. Enantiophyllum Uline)23个种和变种的染色体数，并对一些分类群进行了讨论。它们都是基数为10的多倍体，是本属进化的类型。 根据染色体数的演化和二倍体种类的地理分布，我们推论我国横断山脉地区可能是薯蓣属的起源中心。 相似文献
17.
本文对国产鼠李科鼠李族5属25种的花粉形态进行了光学显微镜和扫描电镜的观察，并观察了
乌苏里鼠李的外壁超微结构。根据花粉大小、孔沟交界处四块加厚的程度和所形成的H形明显与否以及纹饰的不同作出了分类检索表，同时根据花粉形态特征认为把鼠李属的裸芽亚属和鳞芽亚属分立成为两个独立的属是比较适宜的。 相似文献
18.
半蒴苣苔属的研究(续) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李振宇 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1987,25(3):220-230
The genus Hemiboea is a curious genus of the tribe Didymocarpeae (Cyrtandroi-
deae), characterized by its peculiar pistil with one fertile carpel and its follicle-like capsule. This genus has not yet been thoroughly studied since its establishment by C. B. Clarke in 1888. In
the present paper, the taxonomic history is briefly reviewed; the external morphology, leaf his-
tology, pollen morphology and geographical distribution are discussed; a key to the 21 species
recognized by the author is provided; and the economic uses reported in various publications
are summarized.
I. Morphology
(1) Sclereids The foliar sclereids, occurring in this genus and defined by their forms,
fall into two types.
(A) Vermiform selereids This type of sclereids is noted in 15 species and may be clas-
sified into two groups according to their positions in leaf tissues. Those of the first group
are interspersed in the ground tissue around the vascular bundles of leaves and noted in 12
species, i.e.H. longisepala, H. cavaleriei, H. bicornuta, H. fangii, H. omeiensis, H. gracilis,
H. glandulosa, H. mollifolia, H. pingbianensis, H. parviflora, H. strigosa and H. gamosepala,
and those of the second group are dispersed in the mesophyll, occurring in H. subcapitata, H.
henryi and H. latisepala.
(B) Astrosclereids The sclereids of this type are discovered for the first time in Hemiboea,
dispersed in the mesophyll of a single species, i.e.H. lungzhouensis.
No foliar sclereids are found in the remaining 5 species, i.e.H. integra, H. flaccida, H.
longgangensis, H. subacaulis and H. follicularis.
The differences in forms and positions of the foliar sclereids and their absence or pre-
sence are of great help in understanding the relationship between the infrageneric taxa.
(2) Pollen grains The pollen grains of 19 species were examined with LM and SEM.
They are 3-colporate, subglobose or prolate, 20-38.8×22-28μm. The exine is 1.3-2μm
thick and the sculpture is foveolate (e.g.H. cavaleriei) to reticulate (e.g.H. omeiensis). In
Sect. Subcapitatae the pollen grains are subglobose or prolate, while those of Sect. Hemiboea are
prolate.
No pollen grains are observed in anthers of 13 speciemens of H. subacaulis var. subacaulis
and var. jiangxiensis.
(3) Seed-coat Under SEM the seed-coat exhibits considerable diversity in the genus, fur-
nishing useful characters for explaining the relationship between the two sections.
2. Geographical distribution The genus Hemiboea ranges from the eastern border of the
Xizang Plateau and Yunnan Plateau eastwards to Ryu Kyu Islands, and from the southern
slope of the Qinling Range southwards to northern Vietnam. The karst region of S. E. Yun-
nan and W. Guangxi is the centre of maximum variation of the genus and is probably its origin
centre, where the most primitive taxon exists, and where more species (13 species, i.e. 61.9 per
cent of the sum total) and more endemic species (8 species) are found than elsewhere.
3. Classification The genus consists of 21 species and 6 varieties which are classified into
2 sections. The Clarke's classification is accepted, but emended here as follows:
Sect. 1. Subcapitatae Clarke Sepals free or posterior ones connate. Muri of the seed-coat
laevigate or rugose; bottom of meshes flat, smooth or with few verrucae. Pollen grains subglo-
bose or prolate.
Sect. 2. Hemiboea Sepals connate. Muri of the seed-coat tuberculate or aliform-tuberculate;
bottom of meshes flat or concave, with dense verrucae. Pollen grains prolate.
Based on the analysis of external and internal morphological characters, the main evolu-
tionary trends in the genus are discussed and enumerated, and a hypothesis indicating the re-
lationships between the two sections is given. 相似文献
19.
本文对金缕梅科Hamamlidaceae蜡瓣花属Corylopsis 11种花粉进行光学显微镜和扫描电镜的观察研究。本属花粉除Corylopsis sinensis少量花粉具4沟外均为三沟类型。外壁均具网状纹饰，网眼形状大小略有差异，花粉粒大小虽有些变化，但其它特征均较一致，故在植物分类上本属是相当自然的一个类群。 相似文献
20.
从花粉形态特征试论壳斗科的系统分类及其演化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文通过采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜对中国壳斗科，包括三个亚科、6属、103种植物的花粉形态，做了较全面的研究，认为壳斗科植物花粉分为四个类型，分别归于三个亚科。根据花粉形态特征笔者支持将Cyclobalanopsis作为 Quercus的亚属处理，并对三棱栎的分类位置及壳斗科各属的亲缘关系及演化进行了讨论。 相似文献