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1.
研究了以活性炭负载四氯化锡为催化剂,在微波辐射下合成了己酸异戊酯。考查了醇酸摩尔比、催化剂负载量及用量、微波功率、辐射时间等因素对反应的影响,结果表明活性炭负载四氯化锡是良好催化剂,无腐蚀,环境污染小,且易于分离,可重复使用,尤其在微波辐射下反应速率明显加快,在优化条件下酯化率可达86.67%。  相似文献   

2.
借助微波辐射技术,以活性炭负载钨硅酸为催化剂,以乙二酸和正丁醇为原料合成乙二酸二丁酯.通过正交实验,探讨了诸因素对酯化率的影响,结果表明:活性炭负载钨硅酸具有良好的催化活性,当乙二酸用量为0.05 mol, 醇酸摩尔比为2.6∶ 1,催化剂用量为反应物总质量的8.0 %,微波输出功率为325 W,辐射时间为10 min,带水剂环己烷8 mL,在此优化条件下,反应的酯化率可达96.8 %.该催化剂易于回收且可重复使用,具有价廉易得、催化效果好、操作简单、无环境污染等优点.  相似文献   

3.
在微波辐射下,以活性炭负载碘(I2/C)为催化剂,不用溶剂,合成了乙酰乙酸乙酯乙二醇缩酮和乙酰乙酸乙酯1,2-丙二醇缩酮。通过改变催化剂负载量、催化剂用量、微波辐射时间、微波辐射功率,研究了这四个因素对乙酰乙酸乙酯缩酮反应收率的影响。以乙酰乙酸乙酯与乙二醇缩合为模型反应进行优化,实验结果表明:I2/C是合成乙酰乙酸乙酯缩酮的良好催化剂,具有良好的催化促进作用。其优化条件是:负载量为10.9%的I2/C催化剂0.07g,乙酰乙酸乙酯5mL,乙二醇6mL,微波辐射功率400W,辐射时间2.5min,产率达100%。产物经过红外光谱表征。  相似文献   

4.
利用造纸厂废水污泥制备活性炭   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以造纸废水处理厂污泥为主要原料,采用化学活化法制备活性炭,考查了活化剂的浓度、活化温度、活化时间、固液比等方面对污泥吸附性能的影响.结果表明:在氯化锌溶液为40%、活化温度为600℃、活化时间为15 min、固液比为1∶3的最佳条件下制备的污泥活性炭碘值达到320 mg·g-1,而加入10%的茶梗添加剂制备的活性炭碘值可达503 mg·g-1,因此引入添加剂可以改善污泥活性炭的吸附性能.利用该污泥活性炭处理含苯酚废水,具有较好的处理效果,因此加强开发并推广污泥制备活性炭新技术,实现废水污泥的资源化利用,成为处理剩余污泥的一种有效途径.  相似文献   

5.
采用间歇式活性污泥法(SBR)处理生活污水进行了实验研究.研究分两部分内容:一是对出水方式的研究--采用出水堰;二是投加活性炭与未投加活性炭两种方法处理生活污水,进行比较分析.结果表明:采用出水堰方式出水效果良好;在反应池中投加活性炭,可使处理效果得到提高.  相似文献   

6.
微波辐射固载固体酸催化合成柠檬酸三丁酯   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用微波辐射技术,利用颗粒状活性炭固栽对甲苯磺酸作催化剂,由柠檬酸和正丁醇直接酯化合成柠檬酸三丁酯。实验结果最佳反应条件:微波辐射功率为550W,醇酸物质摩尔比为3.9:1,反应时间50min,w(催化剂)=4%,柠檬酸的转化率达95.2%。反应速率明显高于常规加热方式。  相似文献   

7.
微波促进活性炭负载四氯化锡催化合成己酸烯丙酯   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在微波辐射下,以活性炭负载四氯化锡(SnCl4·5H2O/C)为催化剂,不用溶剂,合成了己酸烯丙酯。其优化条件是:负载量为20%的SnCl4·5H2O/C催化剂0.1g,己酸1mL,烯丙醇2mL,微波功率600W,反应时间8min,酯化率达85.5%。产物经过红外光谱表征。该催化剂亦能用于乙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、正戊醇与己酸的酯化反应。  相似文献   

8.
水体的有机污染随着我国工业化的发展在不断的加剧,对有机污染物采取有效的去除措施一直是污水处理的难点和热点问题,苯酚废水的处理就是其中之一。活性炭在对有机污染物的去除方面应用较多,但也常常存在吸附率低下等问题。而通过对活性炭的改性可以在一定程度上改变其表面围观结构,增强其吸附性能。本文通过对活性炭改性方法的研究,总结了酸性改性、碱性改性、金属离子改性以及Fenton改性活性炭的研究方法,为研究苯酚废水的处理提供了帮助。  相似文献   

9.
本研究以微波活化的方法制备脐橙皮渣活性炭,采用正交法探讨活化剂浓度、料液比、浸泡时间、微波辐照时间等因素对活性炭碘吸附值和亚甲基蓝吸附值的影响.结果显示:不同的因素对活性炭不同孔隙形成的影响不同;脐橙皮渣活性炭微波活化的较优制备条件为氢氧化钠浓度30%、料液比1∶6、浸渍时间24 h、微波功率700 W、微波辐照时间10 min,在该条件下,脐橙皮渣活性炭碘吸附值和亚甲基蓝吸附值为1 523.5 mg/g和390.0 mg/g.  相似文献   

10.
微波新技术制备壳聚糖的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在对不同类型的蟹壳进行处理,制备了甲壳素的基础上,应用微波辐射技术,通过对实验条件的摸索,找到了简便、效果好的制备条件对甲壳素进行脱乙酰基化处理,制备壳聚糖.实验表明甲壳素经微波一次处理20分钟,脱乙酰度达86.1%,效果优于其它方法.与传统方法相比简化了工艺流程,缩短了反应时间10-90倍.  相似文献   

11.
A lagoon in the New Binhai District, a high-speed developing area, Tianjin, China, has long been receiving the mixed chemical industrial wastewater from a chemical industrial park. This lagoon contained complex hazardous substances such as heavy metals and accumulative pollutants which stayed over time with a poor biodegradability. According to the characteristics of wastewater in the lagoon, the micro-electrolysis process was applied to improve the biodegradability before the bioprocess treatment. By the orthogonal experimental study of main factors influencing the efficiency of the treatment method, the best control parameters were obtained, including pH=2.0, a volume ratio of Fe and reaction wastewater of 0.03750, a volume ratio of Fe and the granular activated carbon (GAC) of 2.0, a mixing speed of 200 r/min, and a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 1.5 h. In the meantime, the removal rate of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was up to 64.6%, and NH4 +-N and Pb in the influent were partly removed. After the micro-electrolysis process, the ratio of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) to COD (B/C ratio) was greater than 0.6, thus providing a favorable basis for bioprocess treatment.  相似文献   

12.
In order to reduce the microfauna leakage risk from a granular biological activated carbon (GBAC) reactor which employs granular activated carbon (GAC) as adsorption media in drinking water advanced treatment, a novel fiber and granular biological activated carbon (FGBAC) reactor which employs both GAC and activated carbon fiber (ACF) as adsorption media, was developed. The results showed that the species composition of microfauna leaking from FGBAC reactor is almost similar to that leaking from GBAC reactor, however the densities of microfauna leaking from FGBAC reactor is reduced by 26%-81% compared to those leaking from GBAC reactor. In addition, compared to GBAC reactor, FGBAC reactor can increase the removal efflciencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and turbidity by 7% and 10%, respectively, during the stable operation period of reactor.  相似文献   

13.
研究了超声温度、超声时间、吸附时间、pH值及活性炭负荷比等对含铅废水处理效果的影响及对活性炭再生效果的影响.分别以去除率、得率和再生后去除率为考察指标,依据L16 (44)正交表和L9(34)进行实验,石墨炉原子吸收法测定处理前后溶液中的铅含量,并对测定结果进行直观分析和方差分析.正交试验得出的优选条件:去除废水中铅时的超声温度为20℃、超声时间20 min,吸附时间20min、pH=5、活性炭负荷比为667∶1;活性炭再生处理时的超声温度40℃、pH值为1、超声时间40min.对优选的实验条件进行方法学考察,各项考察结果均符合要求.结果表明,该方法切实可行,具有简单、高效、快速等优点.  相似文献   

14.
This paper focused on the removal and transformation of the dissolved organic matter (DOM) in secondary effluent during the granular activated carbon (GAC) treatment. Using XAD-8/XAD-4 resins, DOM was fractionated into five classes: hydrophobic acid (HPO-A), hydrophobic neutral (HPO-N), transphilic acid (TPI-A), transphilic neutral (TPI-N) and hydrophilic fraction (HPI). Subsequently, the water quality parameters of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), absorbance of ultraviolet light at 254 nm (UV-254), specific ultraviolet light absorbance (SUVA) and trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) were analyzed for the unfractionated and fractionated water samples. The results showed that the order of the DOC removal with respect to DOM fractions was observed to be HPI〉HPO-A〉HPO-N〉TPI-A〉TPI-N. During the GAC treatment, the THMFP of the unfractionated water samples decreased from 397.4 μg/L to 176.5 μg/L, resulting in a removal efficiency of 55.6%. The removal order of the trilaalomethanes (THMs) precursor was as follows: HPO-A〉TPI-A〉TPI-N〉HPO-N〉HPI. By the GAC treatment, the specific THMFP of HPO-A, TPI-A, TPI-N and the original unfractionated water samples had a noticeable decrease, while that of HPO-N and HPI showed a converse trend. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) results showed that the hydroxide groups, carboxylic acids, aliphatic C-H were significantly reduced by GAC treatment.  相似文献   

15.
研究了以异硫氰酸苯酯、叠氮化钠、对二氯苄为主要原料,在微波辐射条件下合成1,4-二(1-苯基-1,2,3,4-四氮唑-5-硫代甲基)苯,并对影响反应因素进行了研究。结果表明:n(对二氯苄):n(1-苯基-5-巯基四氮唑)物质的量比为1:3,微波辐射时间为8 min,微波辐射功率为500 W,水用量50 mL时,反应条件最优化,产率可达90.5%。  相似文献   

16.
INTRODUCTION Coking wastewater is generated in the produc- tion of coke, coal gas, tar and other coke by-products The coking wastewater includes inorganic pollutants such as ammonia, cyanogen, sulfocyan, heterocycle compounds and polycyclic aromatic compounds such as phenol, oils, naphthalene, pyridine, quinoline and anthracites, which are difficult to biodegradation under aerobic conditions (Ganczarczyk, 1972). Dis- charge of coking wastewater to the environment may cause severe contamin…  相似文献   

17.
污水回用是解决城市和工业用水短缺的有效途径。本文结合回用目的和国内外实际应用例子对污水再生工艺流程作了简要介绍 ,并从混凝、化学除磷和脱氮、沉淀、过滤、活性炭吸附和反渗透等几个方面 ,对污水深度处理和方法作了简述  相似文献   

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