共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
人力资本是一国经济快速增长的重要影响因素之一,本文从需求和供给效应角度分析了发展中国家对外贸易促进人力资本的机理,并探讨了发展中国家对外贸易促进人力资本的局限性.在此基础上,以我国为例,提出了相应的对策建议,主要有在实施市场多元化战略的同时,扩大与发达国家和新兴市场经济体国家之间的贸易总量;优化对外贸易结构;保护员工投资于企业专用人力资本后的收益;促进三大区域的对外贸易平衡发展;通过服务贸易加速人力资本积累;适时调整“轻进口重出口”的贸易政策. 相似文献
2.
Why has the investment performance of technology-specialist, European venture capital funds been so poor? 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper seeks to identify and model the key parameters which impact on the commercial performance of a specialist, technology focused, early-stage, venture capital fund. Using both input (costs) and output (expected values) data provided by a number of specialist, independent venture capital firms, a spreadsheet model of a 10 year term fund is developed. These figures are used to generate Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Net Present Value (NPV) performance calculations for the investment commitments of both the institutional, limited partners and venture capitalist, general partner. The generically defined model allows the user to address both conceptual and pragmatic questions regarding the relationship between fund structure and performance. The model is further developed to determine the effect on fund performance of two venture capital related, ‘indirect' State support schemes (guarantee and leverage options). Iterative interrogations of the model demonstrate the sensitivity of economic returns to the scale of the investment activity. State supported schemes mitigate but do not remove the negative performance consequences of small fund size. A fund with under £15 million (US$25 million or ECU21 million) under management is of increasing economic vulnerability. 相似文献
3.
The manufacturing industry is the skeleton of a country′s economy, which is the foundation of national wealth, technological innovation and national defense. The quality of manufacturing industries is the measurement of economic efficiency, production technique efficiency, structure balance, material and energy consumption ratio and pollution discharge etc.that is combination of economic efficiency, factor efficiency and social efficiency. By extracting the essence of quality of manufacturing industry, the paper has established manufacturing development quality indicators which is the main innovation points of the paper, to reflect the quality of factor allocation and environmental improvement degree, which includes industrial contribution ratio and environmental improvement degree that embodies manufacturing industry efficiency and sustainability.
Ten hypotheses have been put forward through theoretic analysis of the effect of factor endowment such as human quality, research and development investment,state-owned and foreign capital proportion, and industrial environment such as industrial competition, supply-demand situation, industrial specialization, industrial tax policies, industrial export, import of technical parts, and macroeconomic environment such as financial development level and environmental regulation and investment etc. on the quality of manufacturing industries.
By collecting data of physical investment and human capital of manufacturing enterprises in scale from 2000-2015,calculating manufacture development quality index and influencing variables such as R&D investment, human capital quality etc., the paper has used correlation analysis and econometric model to verify the validity of the hypothesis, which is exploring the effect of factor endowment and business environmental factors on manufacturing development quality, and seven hypothesis has been confirmed while a hypothesis is falsified and two hypothesis could not have been verified.
Findings show that R&D investment, pollution abatement, human capital quality promotes the quality of manufacturing industries, which means that high-quality R&D investment and human capital may increase the efficiency of manufacturing industry and pollution abatement helps reduce pollutant discharge to protect environment. That state-owned capital and demand-supply situation have the strong positive effect on manufacturing development quality, which proves that state-owned capital may support long-term research & development investment and technological innovation, and workable competition situation between demand and supply may urge enterprises improve operations. The ratio of manufacturing export-import and foreign capital proportion, industry concentration degree and tax rate imposes negative impact on manufacturing development quality,which reveals that in the past period the manufacturing export-import and foreign capital lead manufacture industry relying heavily on technical parts and capital abroad, and that industry concentration degree upgrading and tax ratio rising reduce the industrial effective competition and discourage business initiatives.
According to the analysis results above, policy suggestions are that advancing domestic R&D investment and human capital which is the most important active elements to promote technological innovation & progress and improve business performance, that strengthening the pillar position of state-owned capital in technological catching up and talent cultivation to conquer core technology autonomously because the characteristic of state-owned may guarantee the R&D willpower to overcome key core technology which needs large volume and long-term investment, that reducing dependence on foreign technology and key components & parts gradually by strengthening R&D, that improving the level of technology and added-value of manufacturing export products, and saving energy and reducing emission by increasing green technology R&D to upgrade manufacturing development quality on basis of the promotion of technology and efficiency. 相似文献
4.
The central thesis advanced in this study is that firms’ knowledge-building strategies can be usefully explained by the variations in their national institutional contexts. Using an inductive approach, a study of fuel cell innovation across the U.S., France, Japan and Norway demonstrates how countries’ socio-political institutions – characterized by their levels of statism and corporatism – contribute to variations in technology policies pertaining to investment, collaboration, internationalization, and diversity. These technology policies are sources of advantages (and disadvantages) for firms, with implications for their knowledge-building strategies. The proposed theoretical framework is especially relevant in the context of industry emergence and R&D internationalization. 相似文献
5.
John Howells 《Research Policy》1995,24(6)
This paper argues that case studies in innovation research at the level of the firm require an explicit model of how people think and act in organisations. The ‘socio-cognitive’ approach which is outlined here combines Weick's social psychological ideas with Teece's characterisation of the firm by its technological knowledge base. It is argued that a cognitive approach accommodates the tacit nature of technological knowledge well, and that artefacts can be considered as cognitive resources. A distinction is made between the social control of production technology (the firm) and of user technology (typically the market). This distinction is used as the basis for conceptualising technological innovation as the creation by individuals within the firm of ‘cognitive ensembles’ composed of cognitive elements drawn from both the technological base of the firm and market conceptions.This focus on the process by which innovation is generated within the firm leads to a brief discussion of previous work on the creative process and the relevance of the socio-cognitive approach to macro-level studies of technological change. 相似文献
6.
选取2010-2019年中国沪深A股上市公司为样本,结合广义倾向得分匹配法(GPS)考察企业研发投入与创新绩效的关系.研究显示,研发投入与创新绩效具有先促进、后抑制、再促进的"N"型关系特征;研发投入的创新促进效应随时间推移逐渐得以释放.异质性研究表明,企业人力资本水平、资产规模、所属行业和所有权性质对研发投入与创新绩效的关系及最适区间有差异化影响. 相似文献
7.
Eric C. Wang 《Research Policy》2010,39(1):103-116
This paper investigates the determinants of R&D investment at the national level with an emphasis on the roles of patent rights protection, international technology transfer through trade and FDI, and economic growth, in addition to the essentials of human capital accumulation and the number of scientific researchers. The Extreme-Bounds-Analysis (EBA) approach is applied to examine the robustness and sensitivity of these factors.The results of the EBA tests on data from 26 OECD countries from 1996 to 2006 showed that tertiary education and the proportion of scientific researchers in a country were robust determinants that had positive effects on R&D intensity. Foreign technology inflows had a robust and negative impact on domestic R&D. Patent rights protection and the income growth rate are fragile determinants of R&D investment. 相似文献
8.
本文结合新一代信息技术的基本特征,利用2010-2015年中国A股上市公司数据,实证检验了信息技术投资通过激发智力资本的动态变化从而提升企业绩效的中介作用机制。研究发现：智力资本动态变化是信息技术投资与企业经营绩效之间的完全中介,是信息技术投资与企业市场绩效之间的部分中介。进一步分析发现：当今信息技术投资能显著促进人力资本和结构资本的动态变化。相对于欠发达地区企业,发达地区企业中智力资本动态变化的中介效应更加明显。最后,基于研究结果提出了相应的政策建议。 相似文献
9.
本文以2016年年底上市满三年的沪深A股科技型企业为对象,从年龄、教育、任期与职称四个维度,分析管理者特征、R&D投入与企业绩效间的关系,研究R&D投入在其间的中介效应。研究认为：（1）管理者人力资本特征中的教育程度、职称、任期以及年龄异质性、任期异质性与企业绩效关系显著;（2）管理者的教育程度、任期、职称、与任期异质性、年龄异质性与R&D投入之间影响显著;（3）企业R&D投入是企业管理者人力资本与公司绩效间的中介变量,管理者的任期、教育程度、职称、任期异质性、年龄异质性对公司绩效的影响是通过R&D投入传导的。 相似文献
10.
双碳战略下,为推动引导企业绿色发展以提升企业价值,以2013—2019年我国209家上市制造企业相关面板数据为样本,探讨绿色工艺创新通过影响智力资本及其构成要素（人力资本、结构资本和关系资本）提升企业绩效的路径,以及组织冗余在其中的调节效应。研究结果显示：（1）绿色工艺创新对企业绩效具有显著促进作用;（2）人力资本、结构资本在绿色工艺创新与企业绩效间发挥部分中介作用,且中介效应存在差异;（3）绿色工艺创新对企业绩效的直接预测作用受到未吸收冗余的正向调节,但未受到已吸收冗余的调节效应影响。 相似文献
11.
智力资本与高科技企业绩效关系研究——环境的调节作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
实证结果显示,智力资本对绩效的显著正向影响验证了高科技企业科技创造绩效的优势和特点。环境要素显著调节智力资本与高科技企业绩效的关系,环境适宜性反向调节人力资本、正向调节流程资本与企业绩效之间的关系,环境动态性反向调节流程资本与企业绩效之间的关系。在低适宜性环境中,加强人力资本管理和建设是企业应对和适应激烈竞争的外部环境、提高企业绩效的有效途径;在高动态环境下,高科技企业应加强自主创新和推动创新成果市场化、维持稳定的客户关系应对环境不确定性,提高企业绩效。 相似文献
12.
构建了一个人力资本配置效率函数,并使用中国29个省份1985～2009年的面板数据对理论分析结果进行了实证检验。结果显示:在控制了外商直接投资、所有制结构与固定资产投资等差异后,国际贸易增长存在显著的β收敛趋势;金融规模的扩张并没有表现出对国际贸易增长的促进效应;我国当前人力资本配置水平显著促进了国际贸易增长,在控制金融发展水平变量之后,这种促进作用减弱。 相似文献
13.
将R&D投入分为资本投入和人员投入,构建资本投入指数和技术创新绩效指数,利用门限回归模型检验资本投入和人员投入对技术创新绩效的影响。以中国专利密集型产业2006-2015年数据为样本进行实证分析,结果表明：资本投入、人员投入和研发机构数量对技术创新绩效均具有促进作用,技术获取及改造呈显著抑制作用。资本投入存在单一门限,对技术创新绩效的影响先促进后抑制,人员投入存在双重门限,对技术创新绩效的促进作用先降后升。样本产业普遍过度重视资本投入,投入数量超过门限值,人员投入利用效率较高。 相似文献
14.
针对我国制造业数字化转型面临整体水平待提高、区域发展不均衡等问题,从效益提升、创新驱动和绿色发展3个维度构建区域制造业数字化转型评价指标体系,以熵值法作为衡量方法进行测度,并进一步从内部要素和外部环境两方面分析区域制造业数字化转型的影响因素。结果显示:我国制造业数字化转型水平整体呈现上升态势,但区域间发展极不平衡,总体处于"东高西低、梯度分布"格局;全国层面,人力资本和经济环境对制造业数字化转型的促进作用明显,资金投入和外贸环境则起负向作用;区域层面,因区位优势不同,各因素的影响作用也发生改变,其中人力资本对西部地区影响作用最大,制度环境对中部地区产生显著正向影响,而外贸环境对东部地区的影响作用被冲淡。最后根据研究结果,从优化产业布局、合理分配资金、平衡政策使用、加快经济发展、加大教育投资、优化外贸结构和加强基础设施建设7个方面提出推动我国制造业数字化转型的建议。 相似文献
15.
Quandaries in the economics of dual technologies and spillovers from military to civilian research and development 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
In this paper we argue that the ‘standard’ view of the relationship between military and civilian technology is too simple and cannot account for the variety of historical experiences. In order to understand this relationship, attention must be paid to two things: that technologies have a lifecycle, in different parts of which different types of learning are important; and that the relationship between military and civilian sectors will change depending on the nature of the technology involved, in particular whether it is a process or a product technology. In addition, the standard view does not pay heed to the fact that there are specific organizational requirements to realize any potential cross-benefits. We describe a framework with which to analyse the various features of the relationship taking into account these considerations. 相似文献
16.
The role of the internet in information seeking. Putting the networked services in context 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The author explores the place of the internet among other sources and channels in information seeking. Both qualitative and quantitative data were combined in the study. In 1997, the author conducted 23 theme interviews in Tampere, Finland, Secondly, the data of the national survey on the use of information technology at Finnish households conducted in 1996, based on the interviews of 2360 persons, aged 10–74 yr, were utilized. Both the features of job-related and nonwork information seeking will be discussed; however, the emphasis is on the latter. The conceptual framework of the study draws on the findings of the studies of computer-mediated communication and the uses and gratifications approach; the ideas of the ‘media richness’ theory and the ‘social influence’ theory are also utilized. E-mail and WWW appeared to be the most frequently used services in information seeking, but discussion groups and IRC were also utilized to some extent. The major research criteria for preferring the internet are the (relative) easiness of accessing a huge amount of data, savings in time and money, the opportunity to consult a number of experts simultaneously and a greater independence of certain time and place in information seeking. Thus far, the internet has not been able to supplant other sources and channels but rather complements them. This is evident, for example, in the utilization of electronic newspapers in the search for orienting information. 相似文献
17.
创业孵化机构作为助力初创企业成长、促进科技成果转化的服务平台，其资源与在孵企业绩效之间的关系值得深入研究。针对相关研究缺乏全国视域、资源类型视角以及基于官方数据分析的现状，采用《中国创业孵化发展报告》中2016至2019年中国31个省区市和新疆生产建设兵团创业孵化机构数据，从资源基础理论视角出发，运用改进熵值法与灰色关联度分析法，探讨孵化机构物质资本、人力资本和组织资本三大类资源对在孵企业绩效的影响作用。结果发现3类孵化机构资源均对在孵企业绩效产生显著的正向影响，其中物质资本资源的影响最为显著，其次为组织资本资源。根据研究结论，为中国创业孵化机构的建设与发展，从孵化机构场地面积、人力资本资源、打造国家级孵化机构和营造创新氛围等方面给出具体建议。 相似文献
18.
基于Coe-Helpman的国际研发资本技术溢出模型,将国际研发投入、跨国技术转移、FDI、OFDI和进口贸易等5条渠道的研发资本技术溢出均纳入该模型,用动态GMM检验各渠道技术溢出与绿色技术创新效率的关系。研究结果表明：从动态性来看,滞后一期的绿色技术创新效率对当期的技术创新效率有显著提升作用,技术的循环累积效应对绿色技术创新效率的提升作用明显。国际研发资本技术溢出比国内研发资本更好地促进了绿色技术创新效率的提升,除了OFDI研发资本技术溢出没有提升绿色技术创新效率,其他渠道均促进了绿色技术创新效率,其中FDI研发资本技术溢出对绿色技术创新效率的提升最为显著。最后本文提出了政策建议。 相似文献
19.
摘要：根据新贸易理论,进口产品通过其内生的技术溢出对经济增长起促进作用,而技术溢出的效果则与贸易结构相关,并且需要一定的人力资本相结合。基于我国1980-2006年数据的经验研究发现：资本品、中间品进口均对技术进步有长期稳定的促进作用,证实我国进口存在技术溢出,而人力资本结构和人力资本水平则直接决定了进口贸易技术溢出的效果;比较而言,中间进口品的溢出作用大于资本进口品;进口贸易与技术进步之间不存在双向因果关系,贸易结构改善与技术进步之间的良性循环并未形成。根据以上结论,文章最后提出了相关的政策建议。 相似文献
20.
Charles Cole 《Information processing & management》1997,33(6):715-726
The problem addressed in this article is to use Bertram Brookes' ‘fundamental equation’ as a starting off-point for a conceptual exercise whose purpose is to set out a method for calculating the information content of an information process. The knowledge structure variables in the Brookes' equation are first operationalized, following principles set out in Claude Shannon's mathematical theory of communication. The set of ‘a priori’ alternatives and the a priori probabilities assigned to each member of the set by the person undergoing the information process is the operational definition of the variable ‘K[S]’ from the ‘fundamental equation,’ which represent the person's knowledge structure ‘before’ the information process takes place. The set of ‘a posteriori’ alternatives and the revised probabilities assigned to each member of the set by the person undergoing the information process is the operational definition of the Brookes' variable ‘K[S + ΔS],’ which is the person's knowledge structure ‘after’ the information process takes place. To illustrate how the variables can be determined, an example of a information process is used from a recent real-life archeological discovery. 相似文献