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1.
Subir Kumar Das Sowmya Varadhan L. Dhanya Sukhes Mukherjee D. M. Vasudevan 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2008,23(4):341-344
After administration, ethanol and its metabolites go through the kidneys and are excreted into urine. The kidney seems to
be the only vital organ generally spared in chronic alcoholics. Therefore, we investigated the multiple effects of chronic
ethanol exposure on renal function tests and on oxidative stress related parameters in the kidney. Chronic ethanol (1.6 g
ethanol/ kg body weight/ day) exposure did not show any significant change in relative weight (g/ 100g body weight) of kidneys,
serum calcium level or glutathione s-transferase activity. However, urea and creatinine concentration in serum, and TBARS
level in kidney elevated significantly, while reduced glutathione content and activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione
reductase and superoxide dismutase diminished significantly after 12 weeks of ethanol exposure. Catalase activity showed increased
activity after 4 weeks of ethanol exposure and decreased activity after 12 weeks of ethanol exposure. Genesis of renal ultrastructural
abnormalities after 12 weeks of ethanol exposure may be important for the development of functional disturbances. This study
revealed that chronic ethanol exposure for longer duration is associated with deleterious effects in the kidney. 相似文献
2.
M Maneesh H Jayalekshmi Sanjiba Dutta Amit Chakrabarti D M Vasudevan 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2005,20(2):62-67
The study was undertaken to evaluate the possible involvement of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of ethanol induced testicular
atrophy in rats. Adult male rats were orally administered ethanol at a dose of 1.6 g/kg body weight/day for four weeks. Twenty-four
hours after the last treatment the rats were sacrificed using anesthetic ether. Testes were removed and weighed. Apoptosis
was studied by using the Feulgen reaction on 5 μ thin paraffin sections of testis. Testicular homogenate was prepared and
centrifuged. The supernatant was used for the estimation of extent of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense status. There
was significant reduction in body weight: and in testicular weight and diameter in ethanol treated rats. Extent of germ cell
apoptosis was significantly high in ethanol treated rats. Ethanol treated rats showed significantly high tissue TBARS level
and glutathione S-transferase activity; and low tissue ascorbic acid, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase,
glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities. Chronic ethanol administration resulted in high oxidative stress
in the testes either due to increased extent of lipid peroxidation or due to decreased antioxidant defenses, and thereby induces
germ cell apoptosis leading to testicular atrophy. 相似文献
3.
Subir Kumar Das Hiran K. R. Sukhes Mukherjee D. M. Vasudevan 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2007,22(1):99-104
Damaging effects of reactive oxygen species on living systems are well documented. They include oxidative attack on vital
cell constituents. Chronic ethanol administration is able to induce an oxidative stress in the central nervous system. In
the present study, 16–18 week-old male albino rats of Wistar strain were exposed to different concentration of ethanol for
4 weeks. This exposure showed profound effect on body weight. Ascorbic acid level; and activities of alkaline phosphatase
and aspartate transaminase in the brain are dependent on the concentration of ethanol exposure. Chronic ethanol ingestion
elicits statistically significant increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances level and decrease in gluatathione level
in the brain. It reduces superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activities in a
dose dependent manner. However, histological examination could not reveal any pathophysiological changes. Therefore, we conclude
that biochemical alterations and oxidative stress related parameters respond early in alcoholism than the histopathological
changes in brain. 相似文献
4.
Y. P. Singh O. P. Sachdeva S. K. Aggarwal K. Chugh Harbans Lal 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2008,23(3):290-292
Blood glutathione was estimated in fifty patients of head and neck cancer in the age group of 18–76 years and the results
were compared with a group of normal healthy controls. Mean blood glutathione level was found to be significantly lowered
in patients than the controls. Irrespective of the site, TNM classification, histopathology, and character of lesion, fall
in blood glutathione was nearly same in all the patients. The mean level was significantly increased after radiotherapy when
compared with the levels before radiotherapy. The decreased levels of GSH in-patients with head and neck cancer, observed
in the present study, may be due to its increased utilization by the cells. The results suggest that patients with head and
neck cancer have increased oxidative stress. 相似文献
5.
Ranjana Singh Rajesh K. Singh Anil K. Tripathi Nikhil Gupta Ajai Kumar Anil K. Singh Abbas A. Mahdi Rajendra Prasad Raj K. Singh 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2004,19(1):14-20
The circadian periodicity of plasma lipid peroxide levels and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and
glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were studied in 50 clinically, bacteriologically and radiologically proven fresh cases of pulmonary
tuberculosis (age: 21–45 years) and 60 age-matched healthy volunteers with diurnal activity from 06∶00 to about 22∶00 and
nocturnal rest. A marked circadian variation in plasma lipid peroxide level was recorded in healthy subjects and pulmonary
tuberculosis patients with significant amplitude and acrophase around 16∶21 and 17∶12 respectively. The acrophase tended to
be delayed in tuberculosis patients. Furthermore, a statistically significant circadian rhythm was found in SOD, CAT and GPx
activities in normal volunteers and pulmonary tuberculopsis patients. SOD and CAT enzyme activity was noted to be maximum
at 06∶00 and minimum at 00∶00 in tuberculosis patients. The circadian acrophase for GPx activity was recorded at 16∶15 in
normals and around 22∶45 in patients. Moreover, the activity was found to be decreased at all sampling hours during 24-hours
sleep-awake period in patients in comparison to healthy counterparts. The MESOR and circadian amplitude also decreased markedly.
The decreased activity of measured antioxidant enzymes in pulmonary tuberculosis patients could probably be associated with
oxidative stress and/or decreased anti-oxidant defensive mechanism in such patients. 相似文献
6.
In this study antioxidant activity of methanol extract of rhizomes ofCurculigo orchioides (MEC) was investigated using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-intoxicated rat liver as the experimental model. The hepatotoxic rats were administered MEC for 90 days (daily, orally at
the dose of 70 mg per kg body weight). Lipid peroxidation (LPO) in CCl4-intoxicated rats was evidenced by a marked increment in the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and
diene conjugates (CD), and also a distinct diminution in glutathione (GSH) content in the liver. In CCl4+MEC—treated rats these biochemical parameters attained an almost normal level. The decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes,
such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione reductase (GRD) in CCl4—intoxicated rats, and its retrieval towards near normalcy in CCl4+MEC—administered rats revealed the efficacy of MEC in combating oxidative stress due to hepatic damage. Elevated level of
glutathione transferase(GTS) observed in hepatotoxic rats too showed signs of retuming towards normalcy in MEC co-administered
animals, thus corroborating the antioxidant efficacy of MEC. The findings provide a rationale for further studies on isolation
of active principles and its pharmacological evaluation. 相似文献
7.
Alcohol induced oxidative stress is linked to the metabolism of ethanol. In this study it has been observed that administration
of ethanol in lower concentration caused gain in body and liver weight. while higher concentration of ethanol caused lesser
gain in body and liver weight. Ethanol treatment enhanced lipid peroxidation significantly, depletion in levels of hepatic
glutathione and ascorbate, accompanied by a decline in the activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase,
and increased in hepatic glutathione s-transferase activity. Interestingly catalase activity increases in lower concentration
of ethanol exposure, and decreased in higher concentration. Superoxide dismutase activity was also increased on ethanol exposure.
But, ethanol feeding did not show any effect on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. Ethanol ingestion perturbs the
antioxidant system in a dose and time dependent manner. 相似文献
8.
Apoptosis plays an important role in cellular homeostasis. In this study we have investigated whether apoptosis is a contributory
factor to alcohol induced liver damage. Long term ethanol (1.6 g/kg body weight/day) exposure augmented liver apoptosis as
reflected by high frequency of positive TUNEL staining nuclei and by an increased activity of caspase-3 and -8. Our study
provides evidence that long-term ethanol consumption triggers apoptotic process in the liver. 相似文献
9.
Tiwari AK Mahdi AA Zahra F Chandyan S Srivastava VK Negi MP 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2010,25(4):411-418
The present study was conducted to investigate the oxidant–antioxidant status in iron deficient pregnant anemic women. One
hundred thirty pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) were divided into three groups, namely mild (50), moderate
(50) and severe (30) anemic along with pregnant healthy women as controls (50). The complete blood count, plasma lipid peroxidation
products, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were measured according to respective protocols. The levels of complete
blood count, iron, ferritin along with antioxidant enzymes namely catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase,
glutathione reductase and reduced glutathione were significantly reduced in all IDA groups. However, the level of oxidized
glutathione, lipid peroxides, protein carbonyls, conjugated dienes were found significantly increased in all anemic patients.
Antioxidant vitamins, namely C, E and A were also found significantly decreased in IDA patients. On the basis of our results,
it may be concluded that IDA tends to increase the pro-oxidant components, which may result in various complications including
peroxidation of vital body molecules resulting in increased risk for pregnant women as well as fetus. 相似文献
10.
M. Maneesh Sanjiba Dutta Amit Chakrabarti D M Vasudevan 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2007,22(1):138-142
Infertility is well-established harmful effect in chronic alcoholism and so far, there is no effective treatment for this
condition. The study was conducted to determine the effects of alpha tocopherol on ethanol induced testicular injuries in
male albino rats of Wistar strain. Five groups (n=6) of animals were used. Group I served as control. Group II received daily
1.6g ethanol/kg body weight/day for 4 weeks orally. Group III received 1.6g ethanol+80mg alpha tocopherol/kg body weight/day
for four weeks orally. Group IV received 1.6g ethanol/kg body weight for/day 4 weeks and followed by 80mg alpha tocopherol/kg
body weight/day for four weeks orally. Group V received 1.6g ethanol/kg body weight/day orally for 4 weeks, followed by 4
weeks abstinence. Twently-four hours after the last treatment the rats were sacrificed using anesthetic ether. Testes were
removed and used for the estimation of extent of lipid peroxidation and tissue levels of antioxidants and steroidogenic enzymes.
Alpha tocopherol treatment increased the activities of testicularΔ
5, 3β-HSD. Moreover, the treatment was also associated with significant decrease in testicular oxidative stress. Ethanol-induced
oxidative stress and decreased steroidogenesis can be reversed by treatment with alpha tocopherol. 相似文献
11.
Devendra K. Rai Prashant Kumar Rai Aradhna Gupta Geeta Watal Bechan Sharma 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2009,24(2):198-201
Wistar rats of 6–8 weeks in age weighing between 120–150 g were exposed to the fixed doses of each of the carbamate pesticides
such as cartap (50% LD50) and carbofuran (50% LD50) as well as a combination of these two with 25% LD50 of each for one week. The effect of treatments was studied in terms of serum lipid parameters such as high-density lipoprotein,
total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein and very low-density lipoprotein. Treatment with individual doses
of carbofuran (50% LD50) and cartap (50 % LD50) caused significant alterations in the levels of serum lipid parameters. The pesticides treatment resulted in marked decrease
in the level of serum high-density lipoprotein where as that of other lipids got significantly elevated. Further, the rats
exhibited relatively higher impact of pesticides when treated with the compounds in combination (25 % LD50 of each). The results indicated that these compounds when used together may exert enhanced effect on the levels of serum
lipids in rat. 相似文献
12.
Gora Dadheech Sandhya Mishra Shiv Gautam Praveen Sharma 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2006,21(2):34-38
A disturbance in the antioxidant defense system including α-tocopherol, ascorbic acid and reduced glutahtione metabolism due
to free radical induced oxidative injury has been implicated in various neuro-psychiatric disorders. The roles of these antioxidants,
changes in their blood levels and correlation with oxidative stress were studied in a common psychiatric illness Schizophrenia.
Fifty-eight subjects of either sex ranging in age from 18–60 years divided into two age groups (≤40 and >40 years) diagnosed
for schizophrenia, and forty age and sex-matched normal subjects as controls were included in the study. Blood samples were
analyzed for malondialdehyde (MDA), α-tocopherol, total ascorbic acid (TAA), dehydro ascorbic acid (DHAA), reduced ascorbic
acid (RAA), leucocyte ascorbic acid (LAA) and reduced glutathione (GSH). A decrease in the levels of α-tocopherol, total ascorbic
acid and reduced glutathione was found in schizophrenics compared to normal controls. Further a significant rise in oxidative
stress and decreased antioxidant status was observed in the chronic stage of schizophrenia as compared to those in acute condition.
A significant rise in dehydroascorbic acid with concomitant fall in reduced ascorbic acid suggests scavenging action of ascorbic
acid and its utilization with increased oxidative stress as indicated by high blood malondialdehyde levels. Leucocyte ascorbic
acid, a better index of ascorbic acid status was also found to be reduced in schizophrenics, suggesting depletion of body
stores of ascorbic acid and the condition worsened with advancing age. 相似文献
13.
Subir Kumar Das Sowmya Varadhan L. Dhanya Sukhes Mukherjee S. Mohana V. Balakrishnan D. M. Vasudevan 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2009,24(1):60-64
Chronic pancreatitis, an irreversible inflammatory disease of the pancreas, is associated with the replacement of the destroyed
parenchyma by extended development of fibrosis. Despite marked progress in diagnostic tools, no consensus has been reached
in diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis. In this study we examined the hematological and biochemical parameters among 40 chronic
pancreatitis patients within 18 to 67 yrs. ESR level and ALP activity was elevated in 40% cases. Serum amylase activity increased
in 32 patients and it showed significant correlation with ALP (r=0.458, p=0.003), CA-19.9 (r=0.556, p<0.001), and calcium
level (r=−0.472, p=0.002). Type IV collagen level in chronic pancreatitis also elevated (164.4 ± 55.5 ng/ml) and showed negative
significant correlation with calcium level (r= −0.505, p=0.001). However, no significant correlation was observed between
amylase activity and type IV collagen (r=0.289, p= 0.07). 相似文献
14.
Gacche RN Shaikh RU Chapole SM Jadhav AD Jadhav SG 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2011,26(3):303-308
The study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant activity and effect of Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb.) Wats. (Poaceae) leaves on the activity of monoamine oxidase and kinetics of enzyme inhibition. Ethanol extract of
C. martinii and rat brain mitochondrial monoamine oxidase preparation ware used to study the kinetics of enzyme inhibition using double
reciprocal Lineweaver–Burk plot. The DPPH was used as a source of free radical to evaluate antioxidant potential. It is observed
that, the ethanolic extract of C. martinii inhibits the monoamine oxidase activity with competitive mode of inhibition. The V
max (0.01 mM/min) remained constant while, K
m varied from 21.00 ± 1.1, 43.33 ± 1.5 and 83.33 ± 1.4 mM for 100–500 μg/ml concentration of C. martinii. The K
i values were calculated to be 90.00 ± 0.87, 75.00 ± 0.69, 68.18 ± 0.68 μg for 100–500 μg/ml concentration of C. martini. It also shows a significant DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazine) radical scavenging (IC50 = 0.34 ± 0.05 mg/ml) and reducing activity (IC50 = 0.70 ± 0.22 mg/ml). The C. martini can be considered as a possible source of MAO inhibitor used in the treatment of depression and other neurological disorders. 相似文献
15.
本文根据IPCC碳排放计算指南缺省值计算了新疆1952年-2008年的碳排放量,系统分析了新疆碳排放总量、碳排放结构、碳排放强度的变化,并对新疆碳排放进行阶段划分,最后应用对数平均迪氏指数法(Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index)对碳排放量进行因素分解,定量分析了碳排放不同阶段各影响因素对碳排放的作用程度。结果表明:①1952年-2008年,新疆CO2排放总量和人均CO2排放量不断上升,万元GDP碳排放水平则呈先上升后降低的"倒V"型曲线,煤炭消费是碳排放的主要来源,第二产业能源消费产生的CO2排放量比重最大;②新疆碳排放经历了五个阶段,当前处于经济和碳排放快速增长阶段;③碳排放不同阶段各影响因素的作用程度不同。总体来看,经济增长是碳排放量增加的主要推动因素;能源消费强度的降低(升高)也是促使碳排放减少(增加)的主要因素;能源消费结构由于变化不大,对碳排放的影响很小;计划生育政策实施以来,人口增长对碳排放量增长的推动力逐渐减弱。能源消费强度又进一步受到产业结构和各产业能耗强度的影响,其中,第二产业能耗强度和第二产业产值比重是影响能源消费强度最主要的影响因素。 相似文献
16.
R. L. Gupta Sundeep Jain V. Talwar H. C. Gupta P. S. Murthy 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》1999,14(1):12-18
Based on our demonstration earlier that ethanol extract, water extract and a compound purified from garlic possessedin vitro antitubercular activity against drug resistant and susceptibleMycobacterium tuberculosis, we tried the effect of garlic extract in 30 patients of tubercular lymphadenitis. For ethical considerations, two groups
of patients, 30 each, were given antitubercular therapy (ATT) consisting of isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol and pyrazinamide
for 30 days. For the next 15 days (31 to 45 days) group 1 patients received 3–6 garlic pearls per day in addition to ATT while
group 2 patients received ATT only. From 46th day onwards both the groups received ATT only for 6–8 months. Antitubercular
activity of the serum samples collected on 45th day was assessed by its effect on the growth ofM. tuberculois. The serum of group 1 patients showed significantly much higher antitubercular activity than that of group 2 patients. Further,
there was relief of dyspeptic symptoms caused by ATT therapy in patients of group 1 with garlic plus ATT therapy but no change
in group 2 patients with ATT only. Liver function and hematological tests were normal in both the groups after 6 months of
therapy. Garlic extracts or compounds have a good potential as antitubercular(s) drug if given as a supplement to ATT. 相似文献
17.
Avneet Kaur Pooja Negi Veena Sarna Rajendra Prasad Bir S. Chavan Anita Malhotra Gurjit Kaur 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2017,32(2):179-185
The present study was undertaken to study the impact of surgical menopause on oxidant and antioxidant status in relation to estrogen levels after 3 months of surgery. Total 130 women who had undergone total hysterectomy (TH) with or without bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) were included in this study. The oxidant status was assessed by measuring plasma levels of malondialdehyde and antioxidant status was assessed by measuring superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, estrogen, and Vitamin A, E and C levels. The malondialdehyde level was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in all women who underwent TH with or without BSO. Significant increased levels of superoxide dismutase were observed in women who underwent TH with BSO. The blood glutathione levels were significantly decreased in women after TH only but significantly increased in women who had undergone TH with BSO. The levels of estrogen, vitamin E and vitamin C were significantly decreased in women who underwent TH with BSO. The catalase, GPx and vitamin A did not differ significantly in all groups. The result suggests that surgical menopause is associated with oxidative stress which reiterates the fact that ovaries retain some function even after menopause. 相似文献
18.
Soma Gupta M. V. R. Reddy B. C. Harinath 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2004,19(1):138-141
Lipid peroxidation product, malonaldehyde (MDA) and antioxidants were estimated in plasma and erythrocytes of 34 cases of
oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) of different grades with equal number of healthy controls to evaluate the association of reactive
oxygen species (ROS) and OSMF. While plasma MDA was found to be significantly higher in patients (3.3±0.4 nmole/ml, P<0.001)
as compared to controls (2.4±0.5 nmole/ml), plasma beta carotene and vitamin E levels were found to be decreased significantly
in patients (81.7±14.3 μg/100 ml, P<0.001; 9.3±0.9 mg/L, P<0.01 respectively) with respect to healthy controls (110±20.8 μg/100
ml and 10.1±1.2 mg/L). The decrease in beta-carotene and vitamin E was found to be more significant in OSMF grade II and III
than in grade I. After 6 weeks of oral administration of beta-carotene and vitamin E, patients showed increase in plasma level
of these two antioxidants along with decrease in MDA level associated with clinical improvement. 相似文献
19.
K. C. Vasudha A. Nirmal Kumar T. Venkatesh 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2006,21(1):116-120
Serum Adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in normal healthy control subjects increases upto 30 years, remains steady between
31–60 years of age and shows a steep increase in the age group of 61–70 years. This was compared with serum aspartate transaminase
(AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) activity which also showed a gradual increase upto 40 years of age and decreased thereafter.
The activities of serum ADA, AST and ALT increased in patients with hepatitis of all age groups compared to their respective
controls. The degree of increase in the activities of the above enzymes in hepatitis, decreased with age. The present study
also shows that while studying serum ADA activity in hepatitis for diagnostic purposes, the value obtained in a particular
age group should be compared with normal range of values for the respective age group only. 相似文献
20.
Nosratollah Zarghami Mohammad Rohbani-Noubar Ali Khosrowbeygi 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2005,20(2):182-185
Pregnancy is associated with significant, but reversible changes in thyroid function studies, which are among the most profound
seen as a result of a normal physiologic state. The present study was carried out to find out alterations in thyroid function
tests in each trimester in normal pregnant women as compared to non-pregnant women in Tabriz-Iran. A case-control study designed
with 229 normal pregnant women that randomly selected from the first (64 samples), the second (92 samples), and the third
(73 samples) trimesters and 250 randomly selected non-pregnant healthy female controls. Age range in both groups was 16–40
years. Thyroid function tests carried out by measuring serum levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free and total thyroxin
(FT4, TT4), and free and total triiodothyronine (FT3, TT3) by commercially available radio immunoassay kits. We found that mean TT4 increased progressively during pregnancy. Our study showed increasing in serum levels of TT3 in the second trimester and then declining during the third trimester compared with non-pregnant women. We showed that FT4 strongly decreased during the third trimester. Free T3 showed declining in the second and third trimesters. Mean TSH did not show significant difference in each trimester compared
with non-pregnant women. The thyroid function tests in pregnancy should be interpreted against gestational age-related reference
intervals to avoid mis-interpretation of thyroid function during pregnancy. 相似文献