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1.
《Information processing & management》2020,57(6):102356
Diversification of web search results aims to promote documents with diverse content (i.e., covering different aspects of a query) to the top-ranked positions, to satisfy more users, enhance fairness and reduce bias. In this work, we focus on the explicit diversification methods, which assume that the query aspects are known at the diversification time, and leverage supervised learning methods to improve their performance in three different frameworks with different features and goals. First, in the LTRDiv framework, we focus on applying typical learning to rank (LTR) algorithms to obtain a ranking where each top-ranked document covers as many aspects as possible. We argue that such rankings optimize various diversification metrics (under certain assumptions), and hence, are likely to achieve diversity in practice. Second, in the AspectRanker framework, we apply LTR for ranking the aspects of a query with the goal of more accurately setting the aspect importance values for diversification. As features, we exploit several pre- and post-retrieval query performance predictors (QPPs) to estimate how well a given aspect is covered among the candidate documents. Finally, in the LmDiv framework, we cast the diversification problem into an alternative fusion task, namely, the supervised merging of rankings per query aspect. We again use QPPs computed over the candidate set for each aspect, and optimize an objective function that is tailored for the diversification goal. We conduct thorough comparative experiments using both the basic systems (based on the well-known BM25 matching function) and the best-performing systems (with more sophisticated retrieval methods) from previous TREC campaigns. Our findings reveal that the proposed frameworks, especially AspectRanker and LmDiv, outperform both non-diversified rankings and two strong diversification baselines (i.e., xQuAD and its variant) in terms of various effectiveness metrics. 相似文献
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This paper presents a general framework for studying the digital innovation ecosystem. The notion of complex networks offers a conceptual lens to analyze the emergence and evolution of a digital innovation ecosystem. The framework uses digital data and evolutionary community detection analysis for the empirical inquiry of the digital innovation landscape. The proposed framework is applied to the big data ecosystem. Data from Twitter, for a three year period, is processed and analyzed. This study reveals a large number of elements that are diverse in form and capacity, including organizations, concepts (e.g., #analytics, #iot), technologies (e.g., #hadoop), applications (e.g., #healthcare), infrastructures (e.g., #cloud), regulations, professional meetings and associations, tools, and knowledge. These elements and their communities have evolved in the big data ecosystem. The findings highlight the evolution of digital innovation by two mechanisms, variation and selective retention, which are nonlinear and often unpredictable. Implications are presented and potential ways to improve the proposed framework are discussed. The study aims to make both conceptual and methodological contributions to digital innovation research. 相似文献
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本文应用聚类分析、多目标决策分析、回归及相关分析等方法,对国内主要大学的图书馆建设进行了评价研究。结果表明,大学相对排名和大学图书馆建设有较强的相关性,线性相关系数和Spearman秩相关系数均达0.6551(p≈0)。大学排名与图书馆建设的多变量回归模型为:y=78.967-0.104x1-0.099x3+1.809x1,其中,y:大学排名,x1:纸质馆藏总量(万册(件)),x2:光盘及网络数据库(种),x3:馆舍总建筑面积(万平方米)。决策评价等结果显示,在本文选定的61所国内主要大学中,北京大学、武汉大学、中山大学、华中科技大学、清华大学、复旦大学、华南理工大学、上海交通大学、西安交通大学及西南大学的图书馆建设实力最强,而燕山大学、山西大学、北京邮电大学、中国地质大学(武汉)及华北电力大学较弱。 相似文献
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This paper examines the relationship between a firm's strategic framework and business environment and the probability of becoming the target of “copying”, differentiated into (i) unauthorized reproduction of its technological product elements or insignia, and (ii) patent and trademark infringement. Based on bivariate and multivariate analyses of survey data, we show patterns of the links between being (legally or illegally) imitated and IP protection (e.g., defensive publishing), general strategy (e.g., selling products abroad or off-shoring R&D activities) and organizational factors (e.g., firm size). Management implications for successful strategies against the different types of being copied are derived. 相似文献
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《Information processing & management》2023,60(2):103208
In recent years, there has been an increasing number of mitigation procedures against consumer unfairness in personalized rankings. However, the experimental protocols adopted so far for evaluating a mitigation procedure were often fundamentally different (e.g., with respect to the fairness definitions, data sets, data splits, and evaluation metrics) and limited to a narrow set of perspectives (e.g., focusing on a single demographic attribute and/or not reporting any analysis on efficiency). This situation makes it challenging for scientists to consciously decide which mitigation procedure better suits their practical setting. In this paper, we investigated the properties a given mitigation procedure against consumer unfairness should be evaluated on, to provide a more holistic view on its effectiveness. We first identified eight technical properties and evaluated the extent to which existing mitigation procedures against consumer unfairness met these properties, qualitatively and quantitatively (when possible), on two public data sets. Then, we outlined the main trends and open issues emerged from our multi-dimensional analysis and provided key practical recommendations for future research. The source code accompanying this paper is available at https://github.com/jackmedda/Perspective-C-Fairness-RecSys. 相似文献
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The paper presents a model that evaluates how upgraded technological capabilities of emerging country based multinationals (EMNCs) and an increase in the domestic market size of large emerging countries affect value chain location choices and the competitiveness of emerging country based firms versus advanced country based ones. The model shows that, even without possessing a competitive advantage in terms of technology and/or brands, EMNCs from large or rapidly technologically advancing countries can become dominant players in the global system. The model highlights the central role of firm level technological intensity and product differentiation in determining the location of value chain activities as well as defining organisational boundaries. Empirical analysis of the location choices of the world's top multinationals from large advanced and emerging countries in 2010 supports the model's predictions. 相似文献
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以探讨大学图书馆竞争力与大学排名相关性为目的,选取65所大学作为研究对象,构建图书馆竞争力评价指标体系,通过因子分析对大学图书馆竞争力进行综合评价;通过对图书馆竞争力综合排名与大学排名进行相关分析发现:大学图书馆竞争力排名与大学排名呈高度相关。研究结论可为提高图书馆竞争力、发挥图书馆在大学建设中的重要作用提供有益参考。 相似文献
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U. Pagallo 《Ethics and Information Technology》2012,14(4):319-328
The paper examines how technology challenges conventional borders of national legal systems, as shown by cases that scholars address as a part of their everyday work in the fields of information technology (IT)-Law, i.e., computer crimes, data protection, digital copyright, and so forth. Information on the internet has in fact a ubiquitous nature that transcends political borders and questions the notion of the law as made of commands enforced through physical sanctions. Whereas many of today??s impasses on jurisdiction, international conflicts of law and diverging interpretations of statutes can be addressed by embedding legal safeguards in ICT and other kinds of technology, to overcome the ineffectiveness of state action by design entails its own risks, e.g., threats of paternalism hinging on the regulatory tools of technology. Rather than modelling people??s behaviour by design, the article suggests that design policies should respect individual and collective autonomy by decreasing the impact of harm-generating behaviour (e.g., security measures and default settings for data protection), or by widening the range of people??s choices (e.g., user friendly interfaces). 相似文献
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本文提出了关于知识创新动力源的分析框架 ,即大学及知识型组织的知识创新战略分析和选择的概念框架。具体提出了关于社会的知识间隙 ,组织内部知识间隙和组织核心战略间隙的基本含义、分析方法以及相应的战略目标和战略选择的研究模型。这个分析框架为我们在对组织的知识创新战略进行分析和选择时 ,提供一种原则性的方法论 相似文献
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《Information processing & management》2020,57(2):102057
Accurate predictions about future events is essential in many areas, one of them being the Tourism Industry. Usually, cities and countries invest a huge amount of money for planning and preparation in order to welcome (and profit from) tourists. The success of many businesses depends largely or totally on the state of tourism demand. Estimation of tourism demand can be helpful to business planners in reducing the risk of decisions regarding the future since tourism products are, generally speaking, perishable (gone if not used). Prior studies in this domain focus on forecasting for a whole country and not for fine-grained areas within a country (e.g., specific touristic attractions) mainly because of lack of data. Our article tackles exactly this issue. With the rapid popularity growth of social media applications, each year more people interact within online resources to plan and comment on their trips. Motivated by such observation, we here suggest that accessible data in online social networks or travel websites, in addition to environmental data, can be used to support the inference of visitation count for either indoor or outdoor touristic attractions. To test our hypothesis we analyze visitation counts, environmental features and social media data related to 27 museums and galleries in U.K as well as 76 national parks in the U.S. Our experimental results reveal high accuracy levels (above 92%) for predicting tourism demand using features from both social media and environmental data. We also show that, for outdoor attractions, environmental features have better predictive power while the opposite occurs for indoor attractions. In any case, best results, in all scenarios, are obtained when using both types of features jointly. Finally, we perform a detailed failure analysis to inspect the cases in which the prediction results are not satisfactory. 相似文献
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本研究对高等学校助学金量化评定方法进行了一番探索,确定了班级综合测评名次值、班级贫困状况名次值、贫困名次值调整系数三个量化指标参数,并在此基础上归纳总结出了助学金评定的量化公式,给出了评定过程流程图,对高校助学金评定工作有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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《Information processing & management》2022,59(2):102811
Open data is becoming ubiquitous as governments, companies, and even individuals have the option to offer more or less unrestricted access to their non-sensitive data. The benefits of open data, such as accessibility and transparency, have motivated and enabled a large number of research studies and applications in both academia and industry. However, each open data only offers a single perspective, and its potential inherent limitations (e.g., demographic biases) may lead to poor decisions and misjudgments. This paper discusses how to create and use multiple digital lenses empowered by open data, including census data (macro lens), search logs (meso lens), and social data (micro lens), to investigate general real-world events. To reveal the unique angles and perspectives brought by each open lens, we summarize and compare the underpinning open data from eleven dimensions, such as utility, data volume, dynamic variability, and demographic fairness. Then, we propose an easy-to-use and generalized open data driven framework, which automatically retrieves multi-source data, extracts features, and trains machine learning models for the event specified by answering what, when, and where questions. With low labor efforts, the framework’s generalization and automation capabilities guarantee an instant investigation of general events and phenomena, such as disasters, sports events, and political activities. We also conduct two case studies, i.e., the COVID-19 pandemic and Great American Eclipse (see Appendix), to demonstrate its feasibility and effectiveness at different time granularities. 相似文献
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《Information processing & management》2019,56(5):1894-1923
This study aims to integrate diverse data within narrative multimedia (i.e., artworks containing stories and distributed through multimedia) into a unified character network (i.e., a social network between characters that appear in the story). By combining multiple data sources (e.g., the text, video, and audio), we attempted to enhance the accuracy and semantic richness of existing character networks that confine themselves to a particular data source. To merge various data, we propose story synchronization for (i) improving the accuracy of data extracted from the narrative multimedia and (ii) integrating the data into the unified character network. The story synchronization mainly consists of three steps: synchronizing (i) scenes, (ii) characters, and (iii) character networks. First, we synchronize dialogues in the text and audio, to discover speakers and time of dialogues. This enables us to segment the scene using time periods when dialogues (in the text and audio) and characters (in the video) do not commonly occur. Through the scene segmentation, we can discretize stories in the narrative work. By comparing the occurrence of dialogues and characters in each scene, we synchronize identities of the characters in the text and video (e.g., names and faces of characters). Thereby, we can more accurately estimate participants and time of a conversation between characters (i.e., a set of connected dialogues). Based on the conversation, the existing character networks are refined and integrated into the unified character network. In addition, we verified the efficacy of the proposed methods using movies in the real world, which are among the most accessible and popular narrative multimedia. 相似文献
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专利引文由于在科技评价过程中具有十分重要的作用,近年来一直是研究的重点。然而,作为专利引文研究理论基石的专利引文关系形成的影响因素问题并没有得到较好的解决。随着网络分析方法的深入,围绕着专利引文网络结构特征的研究出现了大量的研究成果,这些成果都从某种程度上折射出专利引文关系的形成受到了来自属性特征之外关系特征的影响,而现有的以回归方法为基础的统计推断方法难以将这些因素纳入进分析框架中来。本文借鉴指数随机图建模理论框架,将影响专利引用关系形成的若干因素归纳为网络自组织过程,属性特征影响过程与外部情境影响过程等因素,以PATSTAT风能数据为基础,本文根据不同类型的影响过程分别构建了若干独立的过程模型以及综合模型,通过对不同模型参数估计结果以及拟合优度的比较发现：专利的属性特征对于专利引用关系形成的影响被高估了;而引用关系的自组织过程对于专利引用关系的形成产生了更为重要的影响。该研究结论的发现,为下一步改进专利引用关系形成影响因素问题研究指明了方向。 相似文献
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《International Journal of Information Management》2016,36(2):192-206
This study provides nascent information on university students' needs to adopt social networking sites (SNSs) pervasively. The study drew from the uses and gratifications theory (UGT) and social influence (SI) processes framework. Relevant hypotheses were formulated to test the proposed research model. Data was collected in a survey of university undergraduates in four countries in the Americas (i.e., United States, Canada, Mexico, and Argentina). Data analysis using partial least squares (PLS) supported 8 out of the 10 hypotheses formulated. The SI process of internalization and identification, as well as UGT categories of self-discovery, entertainment value, social enhancement, and the need to maintain interpersonal connectivity through the construct of behavioral intentions, were found to have positive impacts on students' pervasive adoption of SNSs. The results also revealed that the cultural factor of individualism–collectivism had a positive impact on the pervasive adoption of SNSs, such that greater levels of engagement were observed for students from more individualistic cultures. 相似文献
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Projects and firms as discordant complements: organisational learning in the Munich software ecology
In current theorising, projects and firms are understood as “learning organisations”. Although the learning function can be regarded as constituent for both organisational forms, the specific learning mechanisms are connected with opposing features (e.g. long-term, trustful collaboration versus short cyclical, disruptive collaboration). Referring to the first results of qualitative research conducted on the Munich software cluster, this paper aims to explore the functional interplay between projects and firms with regard to organisational learning. The main thesis is that processes of improvement, failure eradication and knowledge accumulation are more likely to take place in firms whereas processes of structural change are more likely to be organised in a project. In complementing one another these functions, however, also generate inconsistencies like contravening learning incentives or contingency traps. Therefore, projects and firms may be regarded as “discordant complements”. 相似文献
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This work seeks to uncover and explain the dynamics of information foraging within small groups. The focus of this work is collaborative information foraging within multidisciplinary emergency response teams during the response to a simulated emergency. The study investigates how such groups distribute their effort between the activities of information seeking and handling (i.e., processing) for information that is unique (i.e., initially held by one member) versus common (i.e., initially held by multiple members). Temporal analysis is applied to the data from a laboratory study of three such groups. The results suggest that temporal analysis may be used to model distribution of effort between seeking and handling, but not how this effort is divided between common versus unique information sources. Opportunities for future research along these lines are identified and briefly discussed. 相似文献