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1.
Tarun Khanna 《Research Policy》1995,24(6)
In a thirty-year period, firms in the high-end computer industry compete for technological leadership with select subgroups of firms. A clustering technique is used to identify these subgroups of firms. In each of the three such ‘races’ that I identify, a firm's racing rivals influence the evolution of its own technology frontier. This approach complements life-cycle and other models of technological evolution. A central role is assigned to strategic interactions between firms. Different kinds of strategic interactions lead to intra-race and inter-race behavior. I demonstrate how such inter-firm interactions map into technological evolution at the industry level and suggest that the patterns seen here can help us understand technological evolution in a range of environments. 相似文献
2.
技术跨越的环境分析与模式选择--以中国视频监控行业为例 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
针对国内外学者的研究,对技术跨越的概念演进进行了回顾,并对概念重新进行了界定。企业作为技术跨越的主体,在进行技术和产品选择时首先要辨别技术跨越的机会窗口,为此进行市场、技术和能力环境的分析。根据三种环境的动态演化特征和机会窗口的开闭,企业可从自主型、引进型、并购型和合作型跨越模式中选择相应模式。以此为框架,对中国视频监控行业作了分析验证。 相似文献
3.
This paper is explorative in nature. Based on an empirical analysis of two different industrial settings (life sciences, LS; information and communication technologies, ICT), it investigates network growth and firm growth in networks. We find a remarkable correspondence between a few fundamental findings of the ‘old’ stochastic approach to the analysis of firm internal growth, and empirically observed patterns of firm external growth through collaborative agreements. We show that scale-free behavior in real-world industrial networks can be accounted for by a general and parsimonious model, originally developed by Herbert Simon in 1955, based on entry and proportional growth. However, relevant departures from the stochastic benchmark are revealed that cannot be ascribed to the effect of mergers and acquisitions (M&As) and growth autocorrelation. Moreover, different regimes of growth are found to be at work in the life sciences for originators versus developers of new business opportunities, reflecting the fact that growth is driven by specialization and division of labor in the processes of generation and attraction/development of technological opportunities. 相似文献
4.
Franco Malerba 《Research Policy》1985,14(5):283-297
This article proposes that the structure of demand is one of the major factors that affect the rate and direction of technological change and the evolution of high-technology industries, both over time and across countries. This article presents an analysis of the semiconductor industry in Europe, the United States and Japan, although particular emphasis is placed on the European case. The decline of the European industry (1960s) from a position equal to that of the American industry (1950s) can, to a large extent, be explained by the dominance of electronics consumer goods demand (rather than public procurement or computer demand) in the structure of demand in these countries. The later technological convergence of electronics final markets (1970s) played a major role in the commitment of the European semiconductor industry to LSI technology. This commitment, however, came too late to allow the European industry to catch up with its American and Japanese counterparts. 相似文献
5.
Supply and demand conditions that affect technological change in four functional areas of local government service delivery are described and analyzed. A consistent picture of small, fragmented markets, ‘lumpy’ demand, or uncertain markets is found, with demand shaped by a heterogeneous body of local procurement traditions and practices, low municipal technical capabilities, and risk-averse behavior by city officials and engineering consultants. Industries involved share a number of characteristics that bode poorly for industrial investment in innovation: low profit margins and uncertain financial futures. Firms that have the resources to invest in R&D do not tend to focus exclusively on municipal markets. The findings suggest that public policies directed toward improving the municipal market for innovative products by strengthening the cities' technological infrastructure will be more effective than policies directed toward the supply side such as increased R&D support. 相似文献
6.
7.
Technological transitions as evolutionary reconfiguration processes: a multi-level perspective and a case-study 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
This paper addresses the question of how technological transitions (TT) come about? Are there particular patterns and mechanisms in transition processes? TT are defined as major, long-term technological changes in the way societal functions are fulfilled. TT do not only involve changes in technology, but also changes in user practices, regulation, industrial networks, infrastructure, and symbolic meaning or culture. This paper practices ‘appreciative theory’ [R.R. Nelson, S.G. Winter, An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change, Bellknap Press, Cambridge, MA, 1982] and brings together insights from evolutionary economics and technology studies. This results in a multi-level perspective on TT where two views of the evolution are combined: (i) evolution as a process of variation, selection and retention, (ii) evolution as a process of unfolding and reconfiguration. The perspective is empirically illustrated with a qualitative longitudinal case-study, the transition from sailing ships to steamships, 1780–1900. Three particular mechanisms in TT are described: niche-cumulation, technological add-on and hybridisation, riding along with market growth. 相似文献
8.
信息技术在养老服务业中的应用与对策研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着我国老年人口数量的快速增长,老年人的被关注度以及专属需求会越来越高,市场对养老服务产业的需求也会日益扩大,在这样的背景下,顺应时代潮流,发展智慧养老,用技术的方法为老年人的生活添上"高科技的翅膀",这将不仅是养老领域的一场革命,而且也将成为经济增长的新动力。目前,智慧养老模式在国内多个地区都有过相关尝试,但技术仍处萌芽期。为充分发挥科技助老的作用,就要克服目前存在的问题,既要确保政策真正落地生根,又要加大优质智慧养老服务项目的推广力度,更要积极推动养老服务信息化标准的建设,充分发挥养老服务业的技术支撑作用,进而推动我国养老服务产业的科技创新,提高其专业化与产业化水平。 相似文献
9.
本文首次提出技术嵌入式创新的概念并将其量化,首先探究技术嵌入式创新驱动产业结构协调化的驱动机理,继而选择2003—2015年我国分行业的工业企业数据,基于驱动机制下的内外驱动因素,构建水平式知识溢出空间权重矩阵,深入分析水平式知识溢出下技术嵌入式创新驱动产业结构协调化的空间效应。研究结果显示：人力资源、技术创新战略和经费资源等内部驱动因素和政府支持、技术进步和市场竞争等外部驱动因素是实现技术嵌入式创新驱动产业结构协调化共生演化系统的推动力和拉动力,两者的相互作用维持系统的动态平衡;全局角度以及局部角度的水平式知识溢出下技术嵌入式创新驱动产业结构协调化的空间效应均显著为正;产业结构协调化存在行业技术嵌入式创新水平的时空异质性,不同行业间的分布差异显著。 相似文献
10.
We examine factors influencing the relative productivity of different geographic locations. Our analysis of the Canadian biotechnology industry during the 1990s reveals that inventive and uninventive locations are distinguishable within small geographic areas corresponding to roughly 7000 postal addresses. Inventive locations exhibit greater resource scale and technological focus, as well as greater emphasis on R&D investment and public and private collaboration. Comparison of inventive locations across three major metropolitan areas – Vancouver, Toronto and Montreal – indicates, however, that inventive locations vary in their emphasis on technological scale and focus relative to collaboration, and thus that location advantages can develop in distinctive ways. 相似文献
11.
企业技术创新与专利战略转换作用机理研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
当今信息技术跳跃式的发展加快了技术变迁的速度,缩小了技术的市场生命周期.作为企业专利战略转换客体的技术,它的变化必然推动着企业专利战略的调整.专利战略转换是企业匹配环境变化而实施的重要战略管理活动,对企业的发展具有决定性的影响.通过对企业技术创新与专利战略转换作用机理的探讨,为企业成功进行专利战略转换提供指导. 相似文献
12.
Knowledge diffusion, market segmentation and technological catch-up: The case of the telecommunication industry in China 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Qing Mu 《Research Policy》2005,34(6):759-783
This paper examines the growth of technological capability in the telecommunication industry in China. We apply a modified version of Lee and Lim's [Lee, K., Lim, C., 2001. The technological regimes, catch-up and leapfrogging: findings from the Korean industries. Research Policy, vol. 30.] model of technological learning and catching-up. Using the three cases of the Shanghai Bell, the CIT-led R&D consortium, and indigenous companies such as Huawei, we analyze how the catching-up in the telecommunication industry occurred. We find that the important factors in the catch-up are the strategy of “trading market for technology,” the knowledge diffusion from Shanghai Bell both to the R&D consortium and to Huawei, and industrial promotion by the government. As a condition for successful catch-up, the paper points out that the technological regime of the telephone switches is featured by a more predictable technological trajectory and a lower cumulativeness. These conditions and strategies helped the Chinese firms to achieve a stage-skipping catch-up, namely, by skipping the stage of analogue electronic switches to jump to digital electronic switches. 相似文献
13.
Fragkiskos Filippaios Marina Papanastassiou Robert Pearce Ruth Rama 《Research Policy》2009,38(6):1032-1043
This paper explores the strategic internationalisation of Research and Development (R&D) activities of the world's 100 largest food and beverages (F&B) multinationals (MNEs) in 1996 and 2000 with a sample of nearly 8000 affiliates for each period. We develop a global innovation strategy (GIS) structure where we analyse the R&D internationalisation process of F&B MNEs. We argue that in a fully developed GIS model the sourcing of creative inputs does not come exclusively from a ‘central’ R&D laboratory, but other overseas R&D laboratories or technological affiliates can also undertake genuine knowledge creation activity from capitalising on the scientific heterogeneity fostered in individual host countries as well as distinctive demand conditions. Our results indicate the increasing importance of overseas technological affiliates in the application of a GIS in the leading F&B MNEs, which determine the degree of their technological internationalisation. Two variants of technological affiliates reflect two broad knowledge-related activities, i.e. adaptation and genuine forms of knowledge creation. 相似文献
14.
本文借鉴库恩科学范式的思想,界定了产业技术范式内涵,刻画了产业技术范式变革过程中技术标准的作用机理。运用专利计量方法定量化描述了传统汽车技术体系形成到新能源汽车技术范式变革的过程,研究表明,传统汽车技术已经经历了完整的范式周期,新能源汽车处于范式发展期且新的技术体系正在形成,进而展示了汽车产业技术变革期技术标准从技术规范到与知识产权相结合的标准体系的演进路径,揭示了技术标准在汽车产业范式演进过程中的规范、桥梁和转化作用,以期为我国新能源汽车产业尽快形成有竞争力的技术标准体系提供理论参考。 相似文献
15.
This paper analyses how the existence of competitive technology markets affects firms’ technology sourcing decisions, and their propensity to enter into new product markets. While the division of innovative labour has received increasing attention within the economic literature, this paper focuses on its managerial implications. By means of a specialised database, we assess how patterns of technology trade influence firms’ technology and diversification strategies in the chemical industry. We find that, the larger the market for technology, the stronger the advantages to substitute internal R&D with outsourcing, and to increase the degree of product diversification. 相似文献
16.
近20年来世界科技呈现出加速发展态势。随着新一轮科技变革和产业革命不断蓄势,世界已经进入以创新为主题、以创新为主导的新时代,全球科技领域的、国家间的科技创新格局加速调整和重构,而国际经济社会发展大趋势对科技创新格局调整和重塑起到重要驱动作用。在归纳国际经济社会发展大趋势的基础上,基于中国经济由高速增长转向科技引领和创新驱动的高质量发展新阶段的现实,分析讨论了经济社会发展趋势对科技创新发展的关键需求,提出了建设适应经济社会发展大趋势、支撑我国科技强国建设的主要科技创新体系,包括基础科学研究、关键核心技术、"数字中国"与智慧社会先进信息网络、清洁可再生先进能源、绿色智能制造、现代绿色生态可持续高效农业、"健康中国"医疗卫生保障、"美丽中国"人地和谐共生生态环境、深空与深海探测等主要科技创新体系。 相似文献
17.
依据我国5大类矿种10个矿产资源型产业1996—2013年各项指标面板数据,在开展产业技术创新能力综合评价的基础上,运用Tobit回归分析模型对我国矿产资源型产业技术创新能力影响因素的发展演变态势进行动态分析和测评。研究结果表明:(1)我国矿产资源型产业技术创新能力总体上都得到了一定程度的提高,不同产业之间技术创新能力发展速度存在明显的差异性;后续产业对原材料品质和技术含量要求不断提高,对上游产业的技术进步具有明显的拉动效应。(2)随着产业转型速度的加快,科技人员的数量和水平、生产能力集中度和政府创新资金投入对产业技术创新能力提升的驱动作用不断增强;而技术引进经费投入和当前产业盈利水平对产业技术创新能力,特别是自主创新能力提升存在明显的负向影响和粘滞效应。(3)促进资源型产业集群,培育区域集群创新网络,充分发挥政府投入的优化配置效应及宏观调控和导向功能,是实现转型期矿产资源型产业技术创新能力持续提升的现实路径。 相似文献
18.
在政策变迁视角下构建新能源汽车创新生态系统的“结构-种群-环境”演化分析框架，将我国新能源汽车产业发展分为技术探索、示范推广、快速发展、质量发展四个阶段，基于1991—2021年中国新能源汽车产业的专利联合申请数据，构建产业技术创新专利合作网络。研究结果表明，我国新能源汽车产业政策变迁与创新生态系统演变是一个协同演化的过程，以国家电网为代表的电力公司逐渐成为网络中的核心节点，研究机构和高校成为次要核心节点；创新生态系统主体共生的广度提升而深度降低，中心性和生态位变动较小，在技术上的应变性一直较强。对此应当坚持市场主导和政府引导，遵循产业规律；鼓励核心技术攻关，构建多方深度参与的技术创新网络；促进市场竞争，推动兼并重组；布局自主知识产权体系，助力国际技术竞争。 相似文献
19.
中国经济进入新常态,产业结构面临着较大的转型,矿产资源的消耗数量仍会继续增长,品种更加多样化,管理更加复杂化。产业结构的变动如何影响矿产资源的需求是亟待解决的科学问题。本文分别构建了26个国家铁矿石消耗与产业结构之间的面板门限回归模型和中国铁矿石、铝、铜、铅、锡、锌等六种金属矿产与产业结构之间的门限模型,对产业结构变化与矿产资源需求之间的门限效应进行研究。主要得出以下几点结论：① 产业结构变化与矿产资源需求之间存在着显著的多重作用机制,机制变化前后改变了矿产资源需求的主要因素;② 随着产业结构不断向高技术产业的演进,矿产资源需求也由传统大宗矿产资源转向稀有矿产;③ 中国产业演进过程中金属资源消耗的拐点呈现梯次演进,大宗矿产资源与二次产业结构之间出现多个门槛,部分稀有矿产与二次产业结构之间的门槛也已经出现;④ 中国目前处于矿产资源需求的第二阶段,大宗矿产与高技术产业之间门槛已经出现,稀有金属与高技术产业之间的门槛尚未到来。 相似文献
20.
S. Sinan Erzurumlu Yaman O. Erzurumlu 《The Journal of High Technology Management Research》2013,24(2):100-108
Despite the existing challenges in the capital market, technological and market uncertainties, the current business environment may be fertile for innovative firms that could find affordable and scalable clean technology innovations. Navigating innovation management process for any clean technology project is a practical issue that requires attention of financial and non-financial factors affecting technology development and deployment. Such endeavor has precipitated many of the complex questions involved with clean technology industry. This article surveys literatures on resource-based view of the firm, operations management, innovation and technology management, and clean technology. The article identifies key drivers – operations, market and regulatory – of clean technology projects, and further demonstrates their interrelatedness within a comprehensive integrated conceptual framework of development and deployment. This integrated framework contributes to our understanding of innovation management process for clean technology firms, including supply and demand sides. 相似文献