共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Cognitive Brain Event-Related Potentials and Emotion Processing in Maltreated Children 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Seth D. Pollak Dante Cicchetti Rafael Klorman Joan T. Brumaghim 《Child development》1997,68(5):773-787
Cognitive event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from 23 maltreated and 21 nonmaltreated children. Children were presented with slides of Ekman photographs of asingle model posing an angry (25%), a happy (25%), or a neutral (50%) facial expression. In 1 of 2 counterbalanced target conditions, children were asked to press a button in response to the angry face; in the other target condition, they responded to the happy face. Both samples, as expected, exhibited the largest amplitude of the P300 component of the ERP to target stimuli and the smallest amplitude to nontargets. For nonmaltreated children, the average amplitude of P300 across slides was comparable for the 2 target conditions. In contrast, maltreated children displaed larger P300 ampltude to stimuli when they were directed to attend to angry, as opposd children displayed larger p300 amplitude to stimuli whe they were directed to attend to angry, as opposed to happy, targets. These reaults suggest different cognitive processing for positive versus negative affective expressions by children with histories of atypical emotiaonal exotional experiences. 相似文献
2.
Individual differences in affective decision making were examined by recording event-related potentials (ERPs) while 74 typically developing 8-year-olds (38 boys, 36 girls) completed a 4-choice gambling task (Hungry Donkey Task; E. A. Crone & M. W. van der Molen, 2004 ). ERP results indicated: (a) a robust P300 component in response to feedback (punishment vs. reward outcomes), (b) anticipation effects (stimulus-preceding negativity) prior to outcomes presented on frequent (vs. infrequent) punishment choices, (c) anticipation effects prior to selections associated with short and long-term losses (vs. gains), and (d) individual differences in ERP components were significantly correlated with behavioral performance and verbal ability. These findings suggest that neurophysiological responses may be an index of children's trait-based and/or developmental level of decision-making skills in affective–motivational situations. 相似文献
3.
认知神经科学是在综合心理学、神经学、社会学等学科基础上发展起来的一门交叉型学科。近年来认知神经科学领域的自尊研究是在自我评价神经机制研究的基础上对自尊的神经机制展开研究和探索的。核磁共振技术(FMRI)研究的证据表明:自我评价的神经表征主要涉及脑区中的内侧前额叶及周边区域,认知评价和情感效价分别对应于大脑中不同的脑区。事件相关电位技术(ERP)的研究结果表明:自我评价能够诱发更大的P300成分,并且自尊对记忆和注意都会产生认知加工偏向。目前自尊的认知神经科学研究还存在研究方向较为单一、与临床应用联系不紧密等问题。 相似文献
4.
Previous research suggests that individuals with developmental dyslexia perform below typical readers on non-linguistic cognitive tasks involving the learning and encoding of statistical-sequential patterns. However, the neural mechanisms underlying such a deficit have not been well examined. The aim of the present study was to investigate the event-related potential (ERP) correlates of sequence processing in a sample of children diagnosed with dyslexia using a non-linguistic visual statistical learning paradigm. Whereas the response time data suggested that both typical and atypical readers learned the statistical patterns embedded in the task, the ERP data suggested otherwise. Specifically, ERPs of the typically developing children (n?=?12) showed a P300-like response indicative of learning, whereas the children diagnosed with a reading disorder (n?=?8) showed no such ERP effects. These results may be due to intact implicit motor learning in the children with dyslexia but delayed attention-dependent predictive processing. These findings are consistent with other evidence suggesting that differences in statistical learning ability might underlie some of the reading deficits observed in developmental dyslexia. 相似文献
5.
Xue-fen Yang Yue-qin Qiu Li Wang Kai-guo Gao Zong-yong Jiang 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2018,19(11):884-894
Because of their physiological similarity to humans, pigs provide an excellent model for the study of obesity. This study evaluated diet-induced adiposity in genetically lean pigs and found that body weight and energy intake did not differ between controls and pigs fed the high-fat (HF) diet for three months. However, fat mass percentage, adipocyte size, concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), insulin, and leptin in plasma were significantly higher in HF pigs than in controls. The HF diet increased the expression in backfat tissue of genes responsible for cholesterol synthesis such as Insig-1 and Insig-2. Lipid metabolism-related genes including sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), fatty acid synthase 1 (FASN1), diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2), and fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) were significantly up-regulated in backfat tissue, while the expression of proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 2 (CPT2), both involved in fatty acid oxidation, was reduced. In liver tissue, HF feeding significantly elevated the expression of SREBP-1c, FASN1, DGAT2, and hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α (HNF-4α) mRNAs. Microarray analysis further showed that the HF diet had a significant effect on the expression of 576 genes. Among these, 108 genes were related to 21 pathways, with 20 genes involved in adiposity deposition and 26 related to immune response. Our results suggest that an HF diet can induce genetically lean pigs into obesity with body fat mass expansion and adipose-related inflammation. 相似文献
6.
Wael M.EL-DEEB 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2013,14(1):33-39
A total of 50 does were used to determine selected hematological and biochemical parameters with special references to oxidative stress markers,acute phase protein profiles,and proinflammatory cytokines in healthy and gangrenous mastitis affected does.Animals were divided into two equal groups represented as clinically healthy(control) and diseased groups,respectively.The bacteriological examination of milk samples from diseased does revealed many types of bacterial infection.The isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus(N=23/25),Escherichia coli(N=11/25),and Clostridium perfringens(N=4/25).There was a significant increase in the levels of β-hydroxybutyrate,non-esterified free fatty acids,triglyceride,low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),aspartate aminotransferase,and alanine aminotransferase and a significant reduction in the levels of glucose,cholesterol,and high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) in does with gangrenous mastitis compared to healthy does.Moreover,there was a significant increase in the levels of malondialdehyde and uric acid with a significant decrease in the levels of reduced glutathione,super oxide dismutase,and catalase in does with gangrenous mastitis compared to healthy does.In addition,there was a significant increase in the haptoglobin,serum amyloid A,fibrinogen,interleukin 6(IL-6),IL-1β,and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in does with gangrenous mastitis compared to healthy ones.Conclusively,oxidative stress biomarkers,acute phase proteins,and proinflammatory cytokines play an essential task as biomarkers for gangrenous mastitis in does.Mastitis may be considered as one of the ketotic stressors in does after parturition. 相似文献
7.
选择体重、产蛋率相近的430日龄健康罗曼褐蛋鸡48只,随机分为2组,每组4个重复,每个重复6只鸡,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加1%决明子粉,预试期1周,试验期6周。研究决明子对罗曼褐蛋鸡生产性能、鸡蛋胆固醇含量及血清生化指标的影响。结果表明,日粮中添加1%决明子鸡蛋中的蛋白质、脂肪含量分别比对照组提高10.54%(P0.05)和9.86%(P0.05);每克蛋黄胆固醇含量比对照组降低27.00%(P0.01),每枚鸡蛋胆固醇含量比对照组降低32.85%(P0.01);添加决明子对蛋鸡的生产性能没有显著影响(P0.05),但降低了蛋鸡血清中低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)(P0.01)、总胆固醇(TC)(P0.01)和甘油三酯(TG)(P0.05)的含量,增加了血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)(P0.01)的浓度量。说明决明子具有显著降低鸡蛋胆固醇含量,改善鸡蛋品质的作用。 相似文献
8.
Hui-yan Zhang Jian-yong Wang Gui-shuang Ying Li-ping Shen Zhe Zhang 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2013,14(5):392-399
Objective
To investigate the association of serum lipids and other risk factors with diabetic retinopathy (DR) in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients.Methods
Five hundred and twenty-three type 2 diabetic patients underwent ophthalmic examination by experienced retinal specialists to assess their DR. Serum lipids, including triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), were measured using Roche automated clinical chemistry analyzers. The concentration of very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDLC) was calculated based on total cholesterol, HDLC and LDLC. Hyperlipidemia was defined as a total cholesterol concentration of 6.2 mmol/L or higher or the use of lipid-lowering medications. The association of risk factors with any DR or proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) was assessed using the odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI), calculated from logistic regression models.Results
In multivariate logistic regression models, hyperlipidemia (OR=2.39, 95% CI: 1.02–5.66), higher VLDLC (OR=1.59, 95% CI: 1.14–2.23), and higher triglyceride (OR=1.18, 95% CI: 1.03–1.37) were associated with increased risk of DR. A longer diabetic duration was associated with increased risk of DR (P<0.0001) and PDR (P=0.002) in a dose-response manner. Higher systolic blood pressure (P=0.02) and higher serum creatinine (P=0.01) were independently associated with increased risk of DR, and female gender was associated with increased risk of PDR (P=0.03).Conclusions
Among Chinese type 2 diabetic patients, hyperlipidemia, higher VLDLC, and higher triglyceride were independently associated with increased risk of DR, suggesting control of serum lipids may decrease the risk of DR. 相似文献9.
以柠檬酸和异丁醇作原料,KIP209离子交换树脂为催化剂合成了柠檬酸三异丁酯（TIBC）,经单因素和正交实验考察了醇酸摩尔比、反应时间、反应温度和催化剂用量对酯化反应的影响。结果表明,合成柠檬酸三异丁酯的最佳条件为：醇酸摩尔比为4：1,反应时间4hr,反应温度150℃,催化剂用量为15%（以柠檬酸质量计）。酯化率达74.8%,且催化剂可重复使用。 相似文献
10.
目的探讨血脂对老年慢性心房颤动(chronic atrial fibrillation,CAF)患者发生缺血性中风的影响.方法对资料完整的182例老年(＞60岁)CAF患者进行前瞻性研究,分析血脂与缺血性中风的关系.结果老年CAF患者血清胆固醇和甘油三酯增高、高密度脂蛋白降低与缺血性中风有明显关系(P＜0.05),其中胆固醇增高与缺血性中风关系最显著(P＜0.001).结论血脂异常是老年CAF患者发生缺血性中风的重要危险因素. 相似文献
11.
Rahman S Khalid N Zaidi JH Ahmad S Iqbal MZ 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2006,7(9):732-737
INTRODUCTION Blood-Pb levels are taken as representative of dose/exposure, as all clinical symptoms resulting from the toxic effects of Pb are manifested mainly in blood. Lead exposure of children correlates with de- creased IQ, symptoms of hyper kinesis or minima brain dysfunction, poor learning, or defects in specific neuromotor tasks (Landgrin et al., 1980). Large number of observations over the years has associated lead exposure with human diseases (McMichael and Johnson, 1982). Ca… 相似文献
12.
以柠檬酸和正戊醇为原料,采用自制的稀土固体超强酸SO4^2-／TiO2／La^3＋、SO4^2-／SnO2／La^3＋、SO4^2-／ZrO2／La^3＋、SO4^2-／Fe2O3／La^3＋为催化剂催化合成增塑剂柠檬酸三戊酯．通过单因素和正交实验考察了各反应因素对反应酯化率的影响．实验表明：当柠檬酸与正戊醇摩尔比为1：4．0、S04^2-／TiO2／La^3＋催化剂用量为柠檬酸总量的4％、催化荆活化温度为250℃、反应温度140-150℃和反应时间3．0h条件下,柠檬酸三戊酯的酯化率可达到97．3％,催化剂重复使用多次,活性未见明显降低．产品经红外光谱定性分析,纯度经气相色谱分析大于99％． 相似文献
13.
《Scientific Studies of Reading》2013,17(1):17-42
This research was aimed at contributing to the current understanding of the underlying factors of naming speed and the causes of naming speed deficits. Forty regular readers and 40 dyslexic university students participated in the study. Electrophysiological (Event-Related Potentials [ERPs]) and behavioral measures were employed. Behavioral baseline tasks assessed general ability, reading skills, reading-related cognitive abilities, and standard Rapid Automatized Naming (RAN) and Rapid Alternating Stimulus tests. ERP tasks included letter and object naming tasks adapted for electrophysiological research presentation. The dyslexics were significantly slower and less accurate than the controls on most of the baseline measures. On all the naming tasks, the peak ERP latencies were elicited later, reaction times were longer, and the P300 latency width was wider among the dyslexics as compared to the regular readers. On the choice reaction time naming tasks, accuracy for both groups was almost perfect. When naming presentation time was controlled by the experiment, the dyslexics were significantly less accurate than the controls. Our data indicated that effective naming speed was related to an earlier P200 latency peak among regular readers and to an earlier P300 latency peak and narrower area component activation in the dyslexic group. The results from this study suggest that effective RAN speed among regular readers might be a result of efficient processing of RAN information at the input stage of stimulis perception and evaluation as well as of updating and processing the information in short-term memory among dyslexics. 相似文献
14.
Kimak E Hałabiś M Baranowicz-Gąszczyk I Solski J Książek A 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2011,12(5):365-371
Disturbances in the metabolism of lipoprotein profiles and oxidative stress in hemodialyzed (HD) and post-renal transplant
(Tx) patients are proatherogenic, but elevated concentrations of plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) reduce the risk of
cardiovascular disease. We investigated the concentrations of lipid, lipoprotein, HDL particle, oxidized low-density lipoprotein
(ox-LDL) and anti-ox-LDL, and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity in HD (n=33) and Tx (n=71) patients who were non-smokers without active inflammatory disease, liver disease, diabetes, or malignancy. HD patients
had moderate hypertriglyceridemia, normocholesterolemia, low HDL-C, apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and HDL particle concentrations
as well as PON-1 activity, and increased ox-LDL and anti-ox-LDL levels. Tx patients had hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia,
moderately decreased HDL-C and HDL particle concentrations and PON-1 activity, and moderately increased ox-LDL and anti-ox-LDL
levels as compared to the reference, but ox-LDL and anti-ox-LDL levels and PON-1 activity were more disturbed in HD patients.
However, in both patient groups, lipid and lipoprotein ratios (total cholesterol (TC)/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, triglyceride (TG)/HDL-C,
HDL-C/non-HDL-C, apoA-I/apoB, HDL-C/apoA-I, TG/HDL) were atherogenic. The Spearman’s rank coefficient test showed that the
concentration of ox-LDL correlated positively with HDL particle level (R=0.363, P=0.004), and negatively with TC (R=−0.306, P=0.012), LDL-C (R=−0.283, P=0.020), and non-HDL-C (R=−0.263, P=0.030) levels in Tx patients. Multiple stepwise forward regression analysis in Tx patients demonstrated that ox-LDL concentration,
as an independent variable, was associated significantly positively with HDL particle level. The results indicated that ox-LDL
and decreased PON-1 activity in Tx patients may give rise to more mildly-oxidized HDLs, which are less stable, easily undergo
metabolic remodeling, generate a greater number of smaller pre-β-HDL particles, and thus accelerate reverse cholesterol transport,
which may be beneficial for Tx patients. Further studies are necessary to confirm this. 相似文献
15.
为了探讨柠檬酸和草酸对茶园土壤中铅的化学形态的影响,采集无污染茶园土壤,喷施180mg/kg的硝酸铅,平衡后再添加不同浓度的柠檬酸或者草酸,分析土壤中水溶性铅和交换态铅含量的变化.结果表明,一定浓度的柠檬酸或者草酸对于土壤中水溶态铅和交换态铅的含量有降低作用,其效果与酸的类型和浓度有关.草酸对于土壤中有效性形态铅的降低作用优于柠檬酸,输入酸对于水溶态铅的降低作用强于对交换态铅的降低.当酸浓度达到0.2mmol/kg时,其降低作用最佳,之后随着输入酸浓度的升高,反而会增加土壤中有效性形态铅的含量. 相似文献
16.
微波辐射全氟磺酸树脂催化合成柠檬酸三丁酯的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以柠檬酸和正丁醇为原料,废弃的全氟磺酸树脂为催化剂,在微波辐射条件下合成柠檬酸三丁酯,对影响合成柠檬酸三丁酯的因素进行研究。结果表明：微波辐射条件下,醇酸摩尔比为6：1、催化剂用量为0．315g、微波辐射时间为40min、微波辐射功率为500W,柠檬酸三丁酯的最高产率可达93．9％。该催化剂绿色环保且易于回收,重复使用六次以上产率仍可达到90％以上。 相似文献
17.
Sandra W. Jacobson Joseph L. Jacobson Robert J. Sokol Susan S. Martier Joel W. Ager 《Child development》1993,64(6):1706-1721
403 black, inner-city infants born to women recruited prenatally on the basis of their alcohol consumption during pregnancy were assessed on a battery focusing on information processing and complexity of play. Prenatal alcohol exposure was not related to visual recognition memory or cross-modal transfer of information but was associated with longer fixation duration, a measure indicative of slower, less efficient information processing; lower scores on elicited play; and longer periods of toy exploration, possibly also due to slower cognitive processing. The effects on processing speed and elicited play were dose-dependent and not attributable to maternal depression, parental intellectual stimulation, other prenatal drug exposure, or postpartum maternal drinking. The processing speed deficit is consistent with deficits in older children prenatally exposed to alcohol; the present study is the first to identify slower cognitive processing in infancy and in tasks not dependent on motoric proficiency. 相似文献
18.
陈彩琦 《华南师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2004,6(6):114-120
随着实验技术的创新,ERP技术近年已被广泛用于工作记忆研究。工作记忆的典型ERP效应包括P300、N400、CNV及其他皮层慢电位的波幅和潜伏期变化模式。ERP指标的应用极大地促进了对视觉工作记忆、言语工作记忆和中央执行系统心理和生理机制的研究。ERP研究技术和方法的进一步改进和完善将能更充分发挥其在工作记忆研究中的价值。 相似文献
19.
Xiao-hong Pan Amina Mahemuti Xue-hua Zhang Ya-ping Wang Po Hu Ju-bo Jiang Mei-xiang Xiang Gang Liu Jian-an Wang 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2016,17(8):640-648
Objective
Studies have demonstrated that Tai Chi exercise improves blood lipid level with inconsistent results. A meta-analysis was conducted to quantify the effects of Tai Chi on blood lipid profiles in humans.Methods
We screened the databases of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library (Central), Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang data, and Clinicaltrials.gov for randomized controlled trials with Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) score more than 3 points up to June 2015. Six studies involving 445 subjects were included. Most trials applied 12-week Tai Chi intervention courses.Results
In comparison with the control group, blood triglyceride (TG) level difference between follow-up and baseline was statistically significantly lower in the Tai Chi practicing group (weighted mean difference (WMD) ?16.81 mg/dl; 95% confidence intervals (CI) ?31.27 to ?2.35 mg/dl; P=0.02). A trend to improving total cholesterol (TC) reduction was found with Tai Chi (WMD ?7.96 mg/dl; 95% CI ?17.30 to 1.39 mg/dl; P=0.10). However, no difference was found in blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C).Conclusions
Tai Chi exercise lowered blood TG level with a trend to decrease blood TC level. Our data suggest that Tai Chi has the potential to implement meaningful blood lipid modification and serve as an adjunctive exercise modality. The relationship between Tai Chi exercise regimen and lipid profile change might have a scientific priority for future investigation.20.
缺血性脑血管病与血脂、脂蛋白水平相关性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的：观察缺血性脑血管病（ICVD）患者血脂、脂蛋白的变化。方法：对113例缺血性脑血管病[包括脑梗塞（CI）急性期25例，恢复期30例，短暂性脑缺血发作（TIA）58例]和正常对照组77例进行血脂、脂蛋白测定。结果：脑梗塞组和TIA组甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、载脂蛋白B100（ApoB100）、脂蛋白（a）（Lp（a））、氧化型低密度脂蛋白（OX—LDL）水平均显著高于对照组。结论：ICVD患者存在全面血脂、脂蛋白代谢紊乱。本结果对进一步了解ICVD的发病机理和治疗提供了依据，对于观察病情演变、判断预后均有重要意义。 相似文献