共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
本文叙述了木蓝属系统研究的简史，对该属形态特征的演化趋势及属下分类进行系统
研究，根据植物习性、叶的特征、果实形态及含种子数，将国产木蓝属80种，1变种归纳为3亚
属，并将木蓝亚属分为14亚组，其中包括9个新亚组，对其中一些种类作了归并及处理，并编 写了分种检索表。 相似文献
2.
陆树刚 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1990,28(6):471-476
本文修订了鳞毛蕨属泡鳞亚属的特征范围，对该亚属的2个组12个种进行了分类研
究，发现其中有新种1个，云南新分布的种5个。本文还对长期混淆不清的Dryopteris labo-rdei与D．gymnosora 的分类特征还进行了清理，恢复前者为独立存在的种。 相似文献
3.
蔡联炳 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1997,35(2):148-177
本文对中国鹅观草属Roegneria进行了分类修订，提出了一个新的分类系统。新系统包括19个新组合或新等级，并按照颖分组、芒分系的原则确认了中国该属植物4组、18系、79种、22变种，其中包括7新系、5新种和1新变种。此外，一些类群的省级分布新记录也在本文作了报道。 相似文献
4.
在野外考察和室内标本研究的基础上，对薄鳞蕨属（中国蕨科）的分类进行了研究。 将2种 (华西薄鳞蕨和察隅薄鳞蕨) 和2变种（大叶薄鳞蕨和宽叶薄鳞蕨）进行了归并处理， 承认该属有4种1变种。 相似文献
5.
在本文中描述了乌头属和翠雀属各一新种和一新亚种，唐松草属一新种，侧金盏花属一新亚种，以及毛茛属五新种，首次报道了圆叶唐松草在中国西藏南部的分布,在对叶、雄蕊和心皮的形态特征进行了分析之后认为，这种植物与特产云南的糙叶唐松草有一定亲缘关系。 相似文献
6.
溥发鼎 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1991,29(5):385-393
藁本属Ligusticum L.属伞形科Umbelliferae芹亚科Apioideae Drude阿米芹族Ammineae
Koch。它在阿米芹族中，是一个较进化的类群，是介于阿米芹族与前胡族Peucedaneae DC．之间的一个过渡类型。藁本属全世界60余种。我国现知有34种，占该属种数的二分之一，其中28种及2个栽培变种为我国所特有。本文比较分析藁本属的形态学性状和孢粉学性状，以小总苞片及其相关特征作为该属次级划分的主要依据，将藁本属分为两个类群，并对该属的种类作了增补，对一些种的名称、分布作了补充修订。文中还记载了4个新种。喜马拉雅藁本L．elatum(Edgew.)C.B．Clarke和开展藁本L. thomsonii C. B. Clarke var．evolutior C. B．Clarke，系我国首次记录。 相似文献
7.
在扫描电镜下,比较观察了冷杉属全世界36种2变种的叶角质层内表面的结构特征,根据叶角
质层内表面胞间凸缘特征的显著差异,将冷杉属植物归为4类:(1)直且发达的单凸缘;(2)双凸缘;
(3)不发达的单凸缘;(4)弯曲且发达的单凸缘。并发现这四种凸缘类型在冷杉属中的分布格局与该
类植物的地理分布具有相关性。根据所观察的结果和前人的属下分类系统以及化石资料,认为北美西部是现代冷杉属植物的一个多样性中心。 相似文献
8.
中国珠蕨属的分类修订 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对国产珠蕨属Cryptogramma R.Br.的分类进行了修订，承认2种1变种，即稀叶珠蕨C.stelleri（Gm l.）Prantl，高山珠蕨C.brunoniana Wall.ex Hook.&Grev.和珠蕨C.bru
noniana var.sinensis（Christ）G.M.Zhang。将峨眉珠蕨C.emeiensis Ching&K.H.Shing并入高山珠蕨。同时对该属的系统位置进行了讨论。 相似文献
9.
Norman K. B. ROBSON 《中国科学院研究生院学报》2005,1(4):271-277
描述了中国云南北部的金丝桃属Hypericum L.(藤黄科)两个新种,即楚雄金丝桃H. fosteri N. Robson和漾濞金丝桃H. wardianum N. Robson。二者均与短柱金丝桃H. hookerianum Wight &; Arn.相近。楚雄金丝桃为一地方特有种,目前仅在模式地点发现;漾濞金丝桃在缅甸东北部还有分布。二者主要以蒴果伸长,非卵状近球形,萼片无中脉而有别于短柱金丝桃。此外,将宽萼金丝桃H. latisepalum (N. Robson) N. Robson从亚种提升为种;将变异较大的纤枝金丝桃H. lagarocladum N. Robson划分为两个亚种,即叶较宽、具有开张习性的原亚种纤枝金丝桃H. lagarocladum ssp. lagarocladum和叶较窄、更为直立的新亚种狭叶金丝桃H. lagarocladum ssp. angustifolium N. Robson。 相似文献
10.
沿阶草亚科植物的叶表皮特征及其在分类学上的意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文用扫描电镜和光学显微镜观察研究了沿阶草亚科(Ophiopogonoideae)3属39种1变种叶
片远轴面的表皮特征。认为这些气孔器周围的邻近细胞和表皮细胞特征在分类上有比较重要的意义， 主要是：(1)有助于沿阶草属、山麦冬属和球子草属种间和属间种类的鉴别；(2)给这些植物类群的分类提供了有用的性状；(3)对沿阶草属的归类有着比较重要的意义；(4)为探讨沿阶草亚科内3个属间的亲缘关系提供了有益的证据。并认为，这三个属的气孔器邻近细胞和表皮细胞特征的演化趋势为无气孔带类型→无角质突起类型→具角质突起类型(具气孔带)。根据这些特征和外部形态性状认为这三个属 的亲缘关系比较密切，应归属于同一个大类群—沿阶草亚科。 相似文献
11.
本文根据植物类群的系统发育和地理分布统一的原理，讨论了獐牙菜属植物的起源、散布和分
布区的形成。獐牙菜属包括11组16系154种，间断分布在亚洲、欧洲、北美洲和非洲。中国西南部-
喜马拉雅地区汇集了大多数种类、不同演化水平的类群以及形形色色的特有类群，成为该属的多样化
中心和多度中心。该属的原始类群和外类群也集中分布在中国西南山地，极有可能是该属的起源地。该
属的分布区类型中出现了各式的间断分布，根据有该属植物分布的大陆间及大陆与岛屿间分离和连接
的时间推测，该属的起源时间至少不会晚于晚白垩纪，也许更早，可追溯到中白垩纪。通过分类群间亲
缘关系和现代分布分析，显示出该属植物从起源地向周围和一定方向散布，形成了三个主要散布途径。在散布过程中植物本身也发生演化和就地特化，形成新的类群。 相似文献
12.
傅德志 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1988,26(4):249-264
本文对人字果属Dichocarpum W．T．Wang et Hsiao．的形态、花粉和染色体等性
状，以及地理分布进行了系统研究。确认了该属在毛茛科Ranunculaceae中的地位，并认为可
能与星果草属Asteropyrum Drumm．et Hutch．关系较密切, 证实了该属内存在三沟和散沟两
种花粉类型。该属的染色体基数可能为x=6，产于东亚大陆的种为4倍体，日本的种为6倍
体，原始的2倍体种已灭绝。中国西部山地可能为该属的分布中心，日本的种可能是在第三纪由中国大陆迁移过去的。本文按该属内各种之间可能的亲缘关系，作出了系统排列。 相似文献
13.
中国车前属种子形态及其分类学意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文研究了中国车前科Plantaginaceae车前属plantago2亚属8组17种及1变种植物的种子，
在扫描电子显微镜下的形态及亚显微结构(种皮纹饰)．结果表明种子形态有四个类型：1，多角形类型；2．舟形类型；3．卵形类型；4．矩圆形类型。各个种的种子形态和种皮纹饰有着相当明显的区别。新种plantago densiflorus的建立应用了种子形态和种皮纹饰这一特征。车前种子形态分类与pilger用植物其他形态特征建立的车前属分类系统是一致的，因此，笔者支持Pilger的车前属分类系统。 相似文献
14.
海菜花属的分类、地理分布和系统发育 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李恒 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1981,19(1):29-42
The genus Ottelia is one of the great genera of Hydrocharidaceae. About 25 spe-
cies distributed in the Palaeotropics, extending from Africa through India and SE.
Asia to Korea and Japan, Australia and New Caledonia, 1 species in Brazil; centres of
specific devolopment are found in Central Africa and SE Asia.
The present study is mainly based on the materials collected during the field ex-
plorations in the lakes of Yunnan and observations on the structure of the spathe and
flowers, the variation of leaf of the plants cultivated in Kunming Bot. Garden.
Instead of the wings of the spathe used by Dandy, by the characters such as uni-or
bisexual flowers, this genus is divided into two subgenera, which by the number of the
flowers in spathe and the number of the carpus in ovary again subdivided into 4
sections. They are as the following:
A. Subg. Ottelia. Flowers bisexual.
Sect. 1. Ottelia. Spathe with 1 flower; ovary with 6(—9) carpus.
Sect. 2. Oligolobos (Gagnep.) Dandy. Spathe with many flowers; ovary with 3 car-
pus.
B. Subg. Boottia (Wall.) Dandy. Flowers unisexual; the male spathe with 1-many
flowers, the female spathe with many flowers.
Sect. 3. Boottia. The male spathe with 1 flower; ovary with 9(—15) carpus.
Sect. 4. Xystrolobos (Gagnep.) H. Li. The female spathe with (2-) many flow-
ers; ovary with 3 or 9 carpus.
The Chinense species of ottelia is in great need for revision. All of the species in
China previousely described under Ottelia Pers, Boottia Wall., Oligolobos Gagnep, and
Xystrolobos Gagen. are here combined into 3 species. They are O. alismoides, O. cor-
data, O. acuminata with 4 variaties.
After a study of the geographic distribution and infer relation-ships among the
floristic elements it has been proved that Ottelia is certainly an ancient genus, and the
primitive types came into being and widely dispersed before the separation of Laurasia
from Gondwana.
During a considerable period of time the elements of the genus Ottelia in fresh-
water environment of different continents have been separately differentiated and evolv-
ed into more or less derived types. The structure of flowers in all of the asian species
shows the following evolutionary tendenoes: 1. In this genus the plants with unisexual
flowers have evolved from plants with bisexual flower; 2. In the groups with bisexual
or unisexual flowers the number of stamens and styles reduced to 3-merous, but the
number of flowers in spathe increased. So that the subgenus Ottelia is more primitive
than the subgenus Bottia; While in the subgenus Ottelia O. alismoides is a more primi-
tive than O. balansae and in the subgenus Boottia O. cordata is the most primitive, butO. alata seems to be the most advanced. 相似文献
15.
半蒴苣苔属的研究(续) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李振宇 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1987,25(3):220-230
The genus Hemiboea is a curious genus of the tribe Didymocarpeae (Cyrtandroi-
deae), characterized by its peculiar pistil with one fertile carpel and its follicle-like capsule. This genus has not yet been thoroughly studied since its establishment by C. B. Clarke in 1888. In
the present paper, the taxonomic history is briefly reviewed; the external morphology, leaf his-
tology, pollen morphology and geographical distribution are discussed; a key to the 21 species
recognized by the author is provided; and the economic uses reported in various publications
are summarized.
I. Morphology
(1) Sclereids The foliar sclereids, occurring in this genus and defined by their forms,
fall into two types.
(A) Vermiform selereids This type of sclereids is noted in 15 species and may be clas-
sified into two groups according to their positions in leaf tissues. Those of the first group
are interspersed in the ground tissue around the vascular bundles of leaves and noted in 12
species, i.e.H. longisepala, H. cavaleriei, H. bicornuta, H. fangii, H. omeiensis, H. gracilis,
H. glandulosa, H. mollifolia, H. pingbianensis, H. parviflora, H. strigosa and H. gamosepala,
and those of the second group are dispersed in the mesophyll, occurring in H. subcapitata, H.
henryi and H. latisepala.
(B) Astrosclereids The sclereids of this type are discovered for the first time in Hemiboea,
dispersed in the mesophyll of a single species, i.e.H. lungzhouensis.
No foliar sclereids are found in the remaining 5 species, i.e.H. integra, H. flaccida, H.
longgangensis, H. subacaulis and H. follicularis.
The differences in forms and positions of the foliar sclereids and their absence or pre-
sence are of great help in understanding the relationship between the infrageneric taxa.
(2) Pollen grains The pollen grains of 19 species were examined with LM and SEM.
They are 3-colporate, subglobose or prolate, 20-38.8×22-28μm. The exine is 1.3-2μm
thick and the sculpture is foveolate (e.g.H. cavaleriei) to reticulate (e.g.H. omeiensis). In
Sect. Subcapitatae the pollen grains are subglobose or prolate, while those of Sect. Hemiboea are
prolate.
No pollen grains are observed in anthers of 13 speciemens of H. subacaulis var. subacaulis
and var. jiangxiensis.
(3) Seed-coat Under SEM the seed-coat exhibits considerable diversity in the genus, fur-
nishing useful characters for explaining the relationship between the two sections.
2. Geographical distribution The genus Hemiboea ranges from the eastern border of the
Xizang Plateau and Yunnan Plateau eastwards to Ryu Kyu Islands, and from the southern
slope of the Qinling Range southwards to northern Vietnam. The karst region of S. E. Yun-
nan and W. Guangxi is the centre of maximum variation of the genus and is probably its origin
centre, where the most primitive taxon exists, and where more species (13 species, i.e. 61.9 per
cent of the sum total) and more endemic species (8 species) are found than elsewhere.
3. Classification The genus consists of 21 species and 6 varieties which are classified into
2 sections. The Clarke's classification is accepted, but emended here as follows:
Sect. 1. Subcapitatae Clarke Sepals free or posterior ones connate. Muri of the seed-coat
laevigate or rugose; bottom of meshes flat, smooth or with few verrucae. Pollen grains subglo-
bose or prolate.
Sect. 2. Hemiboea Sepals connate. Muri of the seed-coat tuberculate or aliform-tuberculate;
bottom of meshes flat or concave, with dense verrucae. Pollen grains prolate.
Based on the analysis of external and internal morphological characters, the main evolu-
tionary trends in the genus are discussed and enumerated, and a hypothesis indicating the re-
lationships between the two sections is given. 相似文献
16.
我国悬钩子属植物的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
陆玲娣 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1983,21(1):13-25
The genus Rubus is one of the largest genera in the Rosaceae, consisting of more
than 750 species in many parts of the world, of which 194 species have been recorded
in China.
In the present paper the Rubus is understood in its broad sense, including all the
blackberries, dewberries and raspberries, comprising the woody and herbaceous kinds.
So it is botanically a polymorphic, variable and very complicated group of plants.
The detailed analysis and investigation of the evolutionary trends of the main organs
in this genus have indicated the passage from shrubs to herbs in an evolutionary line,
although there is no obvious discontinuity of morphological characters in various taxa.
From a phylogenetic point of view, the Sect. Idaeobatus Focke is the most primitive
group, characterized by its shrub habit armed with sharp prickles, aciculae or setae,
stipules attached to the petioles, flowers hermaphrodite and often in terminal or axill-
ary inflorescences, very rarely solitary, druplets separated from receptacles. Whereas
the herbaceous Sect. Chamaemorus L. is the most advanced group, which is usually
unarmed, rarely with aciculae or setae, stipules free, flowers dieocious, solitary, dru-
plets adhering to the receptacles and with high chromosome numbers (2n = 56).
Basing upon the evolutionary tendency of morphological features, chromosome nu-
mbers of certain species recorded in literature and the distribution patterns of species,
a new systematic arrangement of Chinese Rubus has been suggested by the present
authors. Focke in his well-known monograph divided the species of Rubus into 12
subgenera, while in the Flora of China 8 sections of Focke were adapted, but some im-
portant revisions have been made in some taxa and Sect. Dalibarda Focke has been
reduced to Sect. Cylactis Focke. In addition, the arrangement of sections is presented
in a reverse order to those of Focke’s system. The species of Rubus in China are
classified into 8 sections with 24 subsections (tab. 3) as follows: 1. Sect. Idaeobatus,
emend. Yü et Lu(11 subsect. 83 sp.); 2. Sect. Lampobatus Focke (1 sp.); 3. Sect.
Rubus (1 sp.); 4. Sect. Malachobatus Focke, emend. Yü et Lu (13 subsect. 85 sp.); 5.
Sect. Dalibardastrus (Focke)Yü et Lu (10 sp.); 6. Sect. Chaemaebatus Focke (5 sp.);
7. Sect. Cylactis Focke, emend. Yü et Lu (8 sp.); 8. Sect. Chamaemorus Focke (1 sp.).
In respect to the geographical distribution the genus Rubus occurs throughout the
world as shown in tab. 2, particularly abundant in the Northern Hemisphere, while
the greatest concentration of species appears in North America and E. Asia. Of the
more than 750 species in the world, 470 or more species (64%) distributed in North
America. It is clearly showm that the center of distribution lies in North America at
present time. There are about 200 species recorded in E. Asia, of which the species
in China (194) amount to 97% of the total number. By analysis of the distribution
of species in China the great majority of them inhabit the southern parts of the Yangtze
River where exist the greatest number of species and endemics, especially in south-
western parts of China, namely Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou (tab. 3. 4.). It is in-
teresting to note that the centre of distribution of Rubus in China ranges From north-
western Yunnan to south-western Sichuan (tab. 5), where the genus also reaches its
highest morphological diversity.
In this region the characteristics of floristic elements of Rubus can be summarized
as follows: it is very rich in composition, contaning 6 sections and 94 species, about
66% of the total number of Chinese species; there are also various complex groups,
including primitive, intermediate and advanced taxa of phylogenetic importance; the
proportion of endemic plants is rather high, reaching 61 species, up to 44% of the
total endemics in China. It is noteworthy to note that the most primitive Subsect.
Thyrsidaei (Focke) Yü et Lu, consisting of 9 endemic species, distributed in southern
slopes of the Mts. Qin Ling and Taihang Shan (Fig. 4). From the above facts we may
concluded that the south-western part of China is now not only the center of distribu-
tion and differentiation of Rubus in China, but it may also be the center of origin ofthis genus. 相似文献
17.
18.
藤山柳属Clematoclethra(猕猴桃科)是中国特有属之一。本文作者研究了该属植物的
外部形态，统计了473张标本，结合地理分布，得出本属是一个单种属，并且是一个多型种的结
论。此种分为4个亚种。这与中国植物志的作者将本属分为20种和4变种不同。 本文作者
虽强调标本室分类是生物系统学研究的基础，是必不可少的一步，但这种分类，其方法上必须
根据大量标本，从研究性状变异开始，然后确定各分类群的划分和等级，最后才根据植物命名
法规的模式方法，给予它们正确名称。作者还根据本属的姊妹群猕猴桃属和它们的外类群水 东哥属的地理分布，推断本属是一个新特有属。 相似文献
19.
本文借助光学显微镜和扫描电镜，对豹子花属Nomocharis 6种植物和百合属Lilium 4
种植物的花粉形态与外部特征作了较系统的比较研究，其结果如下： 1．豹子花属植物花粉的
萌发孔均为单沟(远极)型，根据其外壁结构及表面纹饰的特点，可分为基柱网纹型和网纹
型，结合外部形态特征推断，可能存在由基柱网纹→网纹的进化趋势。 2．百合属植物花粉
的萌发孔多为单沟(远极)型，稀为2一3孔型，然而，其中外部形态极为相近的小百合集合群与
尖被百合在花粉形态上表现出较大的差异，这一事实为研究百合科花粉的演化提供了线索。豹
子花属与百合属花粉虽在表面纹饰上存在区别，但从外部形态上，该属的一些种类与百合属极 为相近，反映出二属之间存在着较为紧密的亲缘关系。 相似文献