共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
1.
目的：总结和借鉴优秀运动员的技术特点,应用BioRow赛艇技术测试分析系统对里约奥运会奖牌获得者段静莉划桨技术动作特征进行分析,提供相应技术参数供参考。方法：通过实船测试获得段静莉各个划桨阶段的技术参数,从桨叶控制技术、划桨风格和艇速及艇加速度三方面对段静莉的划桨技术特征进行分析总结。结论：(1)段静莉的拉桨阶段的桨叶控制有待提高,特别是桨叶入水打滑角度和桨叶出水打滑角度均偏大,桨叶入水深,不利于拉桨后期做功效率;(2)段静莉回桨阶段桨叶控制技术良好,桨叶轨迹稳定性较良好,桨叶高度适中;(3)段静莉的划桨风格属于“卢森博格”的中发力模式;(4)艇速及艇加速度是评价运动员划桨技术简单直接有效的方式。 相似文献
2.
世界优秀赛艇双人单桨运动员途中阶段划桨技术运动学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过二维摄像解析法、相关性分析,探索了世界优秀赛艇双人单桨运动员划桨技术的特征.研究结论有:1)揭示了世界优秀M2-、W2-运动员一桨中艇速、时间、位移分配及其性别差异情况.2)一桨艇速较高的M2-运动员倾向于艇速变化幅度小,拉桨后段至推桨前段艇速增长率较高;推桨前段时间比重较大,推桨后段时间比重较小;拉桨后段位移比重较大.3)一桨艇速较高的W2-运动员倾向于在拉桨后段至推桨前段艇速增长率较高;拉桨后段时间比重较大,拉桨前段时间比重较小;拉桨后段位移比重较大. 相似文献
3.
采用SIMIMotion运动分析系统,对中、外赛艇女子单人双桨项目(W1X)优秀运动员一个完整划桨周期技术进行分析。结果表明:中国赛艇W1X优秀运动员在划桨技术周期的艇速、划距指标上与国外W1X优秀运动员有显著性差异(P<0.05),推拉桨时间、桨角和各关节角度指标没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。中国赛艇W1X运动员的推拉桨时间、划桨身体姿势比较合理,建议在保持推桨动力的基础上,借鉴国外赛艇W1X优秀运动员低桨频高稳速划桨的技术,缩短与世界级赛艇W1X优秀运动员的差距。 相似文献
4.
利用奥地利WEBA Spon公司的Rower Expert Light赛艇实船测试系统对4名女子公开级赛艇运动员进行单人双桨实船划桨测试.分析发现:随着桨频的增加,拉桨与推桨更加迅速,但推桨速度增加得更快.桨频的增加会使得拉桨速度加快但并没有伴随着拉力的显著增加,而拉力的大小对于艇速并不起决定性作用.在相同桨频下,较小... 相似文献
5.
在前期质性研究的基础上,编制了赛艇运动员专项知觉运动技能问卷,并采用项目分析、探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析等量化研究手段,对该概念模型进行检验。结果显示,赛艇运动员专项运动知觉技能包括自身状态知觉运动技能、艇状态知觉运动技能、桨状态知觉运动技能3个维度;自身状态知觉运动技能包含自身用力知觉和自身体能知觉2个子维度;艇状态知觉运动技能包括艇速知觉运动技能、艇平衡知觉运动技能、艇身状态知觉运动技能和滑座运动状态知觉4个子维度;桨状态知觉运动技能包括划桨效果知觉运动技能、划桨动作调控能力、桨频知觉调控能力和桨力知觉调控能力4个子维度。量化研究检验的赛艇运动员专项运动知觉技能概念模型与前期质化研究结果基本一致,问卷信效度良好,具有一定的理论和实用价值。 相似文献
6.
赛艇运动中拉桨阶段的桨力曲线反映了运动员的发力特征，是专项竞技能力诊断的重要途径。根据国家队的测试实例，对不同艇种、不同桨位的桨力曲线特征进行归纳分析总结，对赛艇项目进行系列测试（桨频：35桨/min），结合专项认为专项技术较好的多人艇运动员大多采用A型；双人单桨项目中．领桨手倾向于采用A型桨力-时间曲线，一号位桨手倾向于采用B型桨力-时间曲线。不同桨频下的桨力-时间曲线特征可作为训练效果的评估依据，低桨频训练必须保持合理的拉桨速度和拉桨力量。 相似文献
7.
以艇速作为标准,采用系统分类与判别分析方法将赛艇各单项进行分层,对各层次中世界优秀运动员桨频与划距的关系进行相关分析与线性回归,并且探索了其对艇速的影响.研究表明,在各层次单项群内优秀运动员桨频与划距均存在高度负相关;桨频每分钟增加1桨,划距(按艇速层次从下到上)分别减少0.160 m、0.217 m、0.189 m、0.154 m和0.265 m;反之亦然.在各层次单项群中艇速随着桨频变化成倒"U"形变化,在自变量范围内各层次单项群间艇速的变化存在差异.研究认为,各层次单项群的优秀运动员中桨频与划距存在高度负相关关系,这两个变量在一定范围内变化能够提高艇速,并且存在最佳值,使艇速达到最大.建议应用不同层次单项群桨频与划距、桨频与艇速的回归方程诊断优秀赛艇运动员划桨技术,利用理想的桨频与划距搭配改进划桨技术训练. 相似文献
8.
“一体感”是运动员长期训练与比赛形成的专项心理能力,是保障运动员发挥最佳竞技状态的基础。赛艇运动要求运动员在划行过程中对
人、艇、桨、水具有良好的协调和控制能力。在赛艇日常训练和比赛中,运动员多使用“人艇合一”的感觉来描述对自身状态、动作技术和艇、桨的良
好控制与清晰的认知,并对其自身竞技水平的发挥具有至关重要的作用。为了探讨赛艇运动员“人—艇—桨一体感”的结构特点,运用扎根理论,对
来自湖北和广东省赛艇运动队的24名赛艇运动员与6名教练员进行半结构式访谈,通过对访谈结果进行开放式编码、主轴编码和选择性编码,得出
赛艇运动员“人—艇—桨一体感”的结构包括：感知控制艇身能力（艇速感、艇平衡感、艇噪音感、艇滑座感、艇吃水感）、感知控制桨能力（桨出入水
感、桨力感、桨频节奏感、桨叶位置感）、感知掌控对手能力（对手位置感、对手体力感、对手节奏感、对手战术感）和感知掌控队友能力（队友节奏感、
队友协同感、队友战术感、队友体力感）4个大范畴和17个小范畴,并且它们之间相互协调形成一个有机整体,反映赛艇运动员对自身技术动作控制
状态的感知能力,为赛艇运动员竞技能力发挥提供核心动力。 相似文献
9.
目的：以国家队和赛艇优势省队运动员为测试对象，总结分析我国精英女子赛艇运动员的划桨技术特点。方法：27名运动员参与本研究，利用"BioRow Tel"系统测试五种桨频（20、24、28、32、36桨/分）下的划桨技术，测试参数包括划桨节奏、桨叶轨迹、桨力特征等。结果：拉桨时间百分比随桨频的提高显著提高；入水角、出水角和划幅在中低桨频下非常稳定，但在接近比赛桨频时显著下降；抓水打滑和出水打滑均随桨频的增加而显著增加；与桨力相关的参数对桨频的变化相对不敏感。结论：我国运动员较为注重桨叶入水和拉桨前段，表现出的技术较好，而在拉桨后段特别是桨叶出水阶段暴露出的问题比较大；临近比赛桨频时的技术同中低桨频时相比存在比较明显的下降。训练中要解决好拉桨后段和桨叶出水的问题，并注重提高运动员在比赛桨频时的划桨技术。 相似文献
10.
国内男子优秀皮艇运动员途中划划桨技术与效果的研究——兼谈双机同步二维摄像法和皮艇专项分析系统 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用双机同步二维摄像法对参加2005年全运会预选赛的12名男子优秀运动员在500m单人艇比赛时的途中划过程进行了现场拍摄，并且运用自行研发并与摄像方法相适应的皮艇运动专项解析软件对所拍的图像资料进行解析。运用理论和统计学方法分析了途中划的划桨技术，拟揭示国内单人皮艇500m优秀运动员途中划的技术动作的运动学特征，以期从理论和解析数据两方面探究提高途中划划桨效果的皮艇技术的改进方向。结论：双机同步二维摄像方法和专项分析系统使用效果良好；根据拉桨过程中桨获得推进力的主要来源，整个拉桨阶段可分为入水升力推进时相、阻力推进时相和出水升力推进时相；拉桨时艇速的变化特征是分析划桨效果的重要依据之一；随速度的提高，后拉划距减小；最大艇速出现时刻前移和速度下降率增大，阻力作用于艇和桨的相对时间延长；在出水升力推进时相，减小划桨的水平速度，加大垂直速度，加大出水角，将更有利于提高艇速和划桨效果。 相似文献
11.
Lotte L. Lintmeijer Mathijs J. Hofmijster Guido A. Schulte Fischedick Patrick J. Zijlstra A. J. “Knoek” Van Soest 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(18):2138-2146
In rowing, mechanical power output is a key parameter for biophysical analyses and performance monitoring and should therefore be measured accurately. It is common practice to estimate on-water power output as the time average of the dot product of the moment of the handle force relative to the oar pin and the oar angular velocity. In a theoretical analysis we have recently shown that this measure differs from the true power output by an amount that equals the mean of the rower’s mass multiplied by the rower’s center of mass acceleration and the velocity of the boat. In this study we investigated the difference between a rower’s power output calculated using the common proxy and the true power output under different rowing conditions. Nine rowers participated in an on-water experiment consisting of 7 trials in a single scull. Stroke rate, technique and forces applied to the oar were varied. On average, rowers’ power output was underestimated with 12.3% when determined using the common proxy. Variations between rowers and rowing conditions were small (SD = 1.1%) and mostly due to differences in stroke rate. To analyze and monitor rowing performance accurately, a correction of the determination of rowers’ on-water power output is therefore required. 相似文献
12.
13.
Winko W. An Vincy Wong Roy T.H. Cheung 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(4):375-383
Back injury is common in rowers. Asymmetrical lower limb reaction force on the foot stretchers during rowing may compromise trunk biomechanics and lead to back injury. However, such a mechanism remains putative. Therefore, this study examined lower limb reaction force in experienced rowers with and without a history of back injury. Six rowers who suffered from back injury for more than one week in the past year and another 19 rowers who were never injured performed maximal exertion rowing on a fixed-head rowing machine for 30 strokes. Peak force, average and peak loading rate of the lower limb reaction force during the middle 10-stroke were recorded using strain-gauge transducers placed at the foot stretchers. Asymmetries and intra-limb variability were quantified as asymmetry indices and coefficients of variation, respectively. No significant asymmetry was observed in all selected kinetic parameters between the injured and healthy rowers (p = 0.448–0.722, Hedges' g = 0.162–0.310). Subgroup analyses also did not reveal any significant kinetic differences between injured and healthy scullers or sweepers (p = 0.194–0.855, Hedges' g = 0.203–0.518). Rowers with a history of back injury, regardless of the rowing types, did not demonstrate greater lower limb reaction force asymmetry when compared with healthy rowers. 相似文献
14.
Abstract Our aim was to present a mathematical model of rowing and sculling that allowed for a comparison of oar blade designs. The relative movement between the oar blades and water during the drive phase of the stroke was modelled, and the lift and drag forces generated by this complex interaction were determined. The model was driven by the oar shaft angular velocity about the oarlock in the horizontal plane, and was shown to be valid against measured on-water mean steady-state shell velocity for both a heavyweight men's eight and a lightweight men's single scull. Measured lift and drag force coefficients previously presented by the authors were used as inputs to the model, whichs allowed for the influence of oar blade design on rowing performance to be determined. The commonly used Big Blade, which is curved, and it's flat equivalent were compared, and blade curvature was shown to generate a 1.14% improvement in mean boat velocity, or a 17.1-m lead over 1500 m. With races being won and lost by much smaller margins than this, blade curvature would appear to play a significant role in propulsion. 相似文献
15.
Abstract In rowing, power is inevitably lost as kinetic energy is imparted to the water during push-off with the blades. Power loss is estimated from reconstructed blade kinetics and kinematics. Traditionally, it is assumed that the oar is completely rigid and that force acts strictly perpendicular to the blade. The aim of the present study was to evaluate how reconstructed blade kinematics, kinetics, and average power loss are affected by these assumptions. A calibration experiment with instrumented oars and oarlocks was performed to establish relations between measured signals and oar deformation and blade force. Next, an on-water experiment was performed with a single female world-class rower rowing at constant racing pace in an instrumented scull. Blade kinematics, kinetics, and power loss under different assumptions (rigid versus deformable oars; absence or presence of a blade force component parallel to the oar) were reconstructed. Estimated power losses at the blades are 18% higher when parallel blade force is incorporated. Incorporating oar deformation affects reconstructed blade kinematics and instantaneous power loss, but has no effect on estimation of power losses at the blades. Assumptions on oar deformation and blade force direction have implications for the reconstructed blade kinetics and kinematics. Neglecting parallel blade forces leads to a substantial underestimation of power losses at the blades. 相似文献
16.
中国赛艇优秀男子轻量级运动员技术特征分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
通过研制的赛艇实船力量测试系统对我国优秀男子轻量级运动员技术特点进行了测试分析。结果表明该系统为科学地评定、改进和完善赛艇技术提供了强有力的工具。目前我国男子轻量级多人艇技术配合上的主要问题是身体移动、停止、再启动时机不一致，身体的整体重心回位不够及时，另外，桨叶入水时拉桨不够迅速、圆滑，腿部蹬力过大。经过测试分析以后，包括老运动员在内，技术动作得到明显的改进和完善。 相似文献
17.
Our aim was to present a mathematical model of rowing and sculling that allowed for a comparison of oar blade designs. The relative movement between the oar blades and water during the drive phase of the stroke was modelled, and the lift and drag forces generated by this complex interaction were determined. The model was driven by the oar shaft angular velocity about the oarlock in the horizontal plane, and was shown to be valid against measured on-water mean steady-state shell velocity for both a heavyweight men's eight and a lightweight men's single scull. Measured lift and drag force coefficients previously presented by the authors were used as inputs to the model, whichs allowed for the influence of oar blade design on rowing performance to be determined. The commonly used Big Blade, which is curved, and it's flat equivalent were compared, and blade curvature was shown to generate a 1.14% improvement in mean boat velocity, or a 17.1-m lead over 1500 m. With races being won and lost by much smaller margins than this, blade curvature would appear to play a significant role in propulsion. 相似文献
18.
The aims of this study were to examine the use of the critical velocity test as a means of predicting 2000-m rowing ergometer performance in female collegiate rowers, and to study the relationship of selected physiological variables on performance times. Thirty-five female collegiate rowers (mean ± s: age 19.3 ± 1.3 years; height 1.70 ± 0.06 m; weight 69.5 ± 7.2 kg) volunteered to participate in the study. Rowers were divided into two categories based on rowing experience: varsity (more than 1 year collegiate experience) and novice (less than 1 year collegiate experience). All rowers performed two continuous graded maximal oxygen consumption tests (familiarization and baseline) to establish maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2max)), peak power output, and power output at ventilatory threshold. Rowers then completed a critical velocity test, consisting of four time-trials at various distances (400 m, 600 m, 800 m, and 1000 m) on two separate days, with 15 min rest between trials. Following the critical velocity test, rowers completed a 2000-m time-trial. Absolute VO(2max) was the strongest predictor of 2000-m performance (r = 0.923) in varsity rowers, with significant correlations also observed for peak power output and critical velocity (r = 0.866 and r = 0.856, respectively). In contrast, critical velocity was the strongest predictor of 2000-m performance in novice rowers (r = 0.733), explaining 54% of the variability in performance. These findings suggest the critical velocity test may be more appropriate for evaluating performance in novice rowers. 相似文献
19.
All those who compete in the sport of rowing have used the land rowing machine, Ergometer (commonly called the ‘erg’), manufactured
by Concept II (Morrisville, Vermont, USA). Ergon is the Greek word for work, hence the Ergometer measures work. Rowers are
commonly ranked according to their ‘erg score.’ The fault in this ranking is that the land Ergometer cannot account for many
of the important technical aspects associated with rowing on the water. The goals of this project were to (1) develop a system
for on-the-water measurement of work during rowing and then (2) demonstrate the potential of such a system to quantify performance
and improve rowing technique. To achieve these goals, force was measured using strain gauges glued to the shaft of the rowing
oar and angular displacement was measured using a potentiometer. The force and displacement measurements were sent to a microcontroller,
which calculated the total work done in a particular stroke, as well as other parameters, and displayed the values to the
rower. The parameters were used to evaluate the performance of three collegiate rowers on the water. The data were also used
to plot force profiles, which were reviewed with each rower and the coach to illustrate the rowers’ habits and facilitate
improving technique. One rower was ‘tutored’ with the device through five on-the-water practices, after which his force profiles
and parameter values demonstrated significant improvement. The device not only provided a standard to which all rowers were
compared on the water, but also supplied the rowers with important information on technical aspects of their strokes and pacing
themselves. 相似文献