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1.
采用成分数据分析方法探究儿童24 h活动与基本动作技能的关系，以及24 h活动时间之间重新分配与基本动作技能的“剂量-效应”特征。对浙江省金华市327名6～10岁儿童展开横断面调查，采用加速度计测量24 h活动，采用大肌肉动作发展测试第3版测量FMS，运用成分数据分析方法分析24 h活动时间占比、重新分配与基本动作技能的关系。结果显示：(1)控制年龄、性别和身体质量指数后，中高强度身体活动时间占比与儿童的FMS显著正相关(β=4.155,P<0.01)，久坐行为时间占比与FMS显著负相关(β=-6.926,P<0.01)，睡眠和低强度身体活动时间占比与FMS均无显著相关。(2)MVPA替代其他行为(LPA、SED、睡眠)可显著提升儿童FMS水平，反之则降低，且两者之间的相互替代具有不对称性；睡眠替代SED也会提升FMS水平，反之则降低；在所有替代中，MVPA替代SED对FMS的促进效应最佳。(3)睡眠时间占比以及与MVPA之间的相互替代与操控技能正相关，与位移技能无显著性相关；同时，MVPA与其他行为之间的相互替代对于操控技能的影响均高于位移技能。研究认为：学校与家庭应关注...  相似文献   

2.
目的：探究基本动作技能对不同程度智力障碍儿童中高强度身体活动（moderate to vigorous physical activity, MVPA）水平的影响。方法：采用方便抽样方法共获得轻度（n=48）、中度（n=60）和重度（n=45）智力障碍儿童153名,其中男生116名,女生37名。采用大肌肉动作发展评估量表（第2版）对受试者的基本动作技能水平进行评估,采用三轴加速度计ActiGraph GT3X+对受试者的身体活动水平进行测量。结果：不同程度智力障碍儿童的身体活动水平[F2(6,290)=18.379,ηp=0.28,P<0.01]和基本动作技能得分[F(4,294)=54.230, η2p=0.425,P<0.01]差异显著,障碍程度越重,MVPA越低[轻度（44.21 min/天）>中度（38.34 min/天）>重度（20.76 min/天）],基本动作技能得分越低[轻度（72.12）>中度（56.77）>重度（22.29）];校正混杂因素后,轻度智力障碍儿童控制技能对MVPA存在显著影响（R2=0.191,β=0.437,P&l...  相似文献   

3.
马晓凯  朱政  孙晨  赵胜  曹振波 《体育科学》2022,(4):43-49+97
目的：探讨儿童青少年中高强度身体活动（MVPA）构成时长特征及其与体质健康间的关系。方法：在上海市3个区招募四年级和八年级学生各360名,根据《国家学生体质健康标准（2014年修订）》要求对儿童青少年进行身体形态及素质测评,使用三轴加速度传感器测量其身体活动水平,统计不同时长分类的MVPA时间（零星：0<单次MVPA<5 min;短时：5≤单次MVPA<10 min;中长时：单次MVPA≥10 min）。有效样本为每天佩戴加速度传感器10 h以上,每周佩戴至少4天（3个工作日,1个周末日）。结果：共407名9～14岁儿童青少年符合数据纳入标准,其中男生185名（占45.5%）,四年级学生223名（占54.8%）,BMI中位数18.6 kg/m2(16.4,21.0),达到平均每天60 min及以上MVPA的人数比例为6.6%。儿童青少年MVPA构成中,零星MVPA占比最大（占59.9%）;男生中长时MVPA占比（占24.4%）显著高于女生（占12.3%）(P<0.05),而零星和短时MVPA占比趋势则相反（P<0.05,P=0.033）;四年级学生零星MV...  相似文献   

4.
目的：本研究旨在检验PASE评估中国城市老年人体力活动水平的有效程度，为其进一步在中国老年人当中广泛应用奠定基础。方法：纳入146名60岁以上在社区生活的老年人，其均具有独立生活能力。通过PASE量表得分与三轴加速度计ActiGraph(GT3X)的测量指标(总counts值、总MVPA)以及身体测量指标(握力、30s椅子坐立、30s负重屈肘)的相关系数评估效度。结果：本研究中PASE的中位数及平均值为106.0、112.6±53.8。PASE总分与左手握力(ρ=0.21,P=0.01)、右手握力(ρ=0.18,P=0.03)、30s椅子坐立(ρ=0.25,P<0.01)、总counts值(ρ=0.37,P<0.01)、总MVPA(ρ=0.32,P<0.01)均呈显著相关；与30s负重屈肘无相关性(P>0.05),总体PASE得分与效度指标呈中度相关。结论：PASE具有良好的效度，可考虑未来进一步广泛应用于评估中国老年人的体力活动。  相似文献   

5.
目的：使用成分分析方法综合探究上海市儿童24 h活动时间分布与身体质量指数（body mass index,BMI）之间的关系。方法：对上海市321名6～13岁学龄儿童（男生158名,女生163名）展开横断面调查,采用加速度计测量其24 h活动行为,采用标准测量仪器测量儿童身高、体质量;使用成分线性回归分析儿童24 h活动行为与身体质量指数z分数（body mass index z-score,zBMI）的关系,以及探讨24 h活动行为等时替代对zBMI的影响。结果：1）成分回归结果显示,控制性别和年龄后,中高强度身体活动（moderate-to-vigorous physical activity,MVPA）(β=-0.75,P<0.001)、低强度身体活动（light physical activity,LPA）(β=-0.13,P<0.05)的时间占比与儿童zBMI呈显著性负相关,久坐行为（β=0.61,P<0.001）和睡眠（β=0.53,P<0.01）的时间占比与儿童zBMI呈显著性正相关。2）在15 min等时替代模型中,用MVPA替代LPA、久坐行...  相似文献   

6.
目的:掌握寄宿高中学生体力活动情况,了解班主任和体育教师干预支持性,为学生体力活动不足的干预计划提供参考依据。方法:采用分层随机抽样法,对怀化市寄宿高中生进行半结构式问卷调查。结果:过去7d只有45.1%的学生体育课中处于活跃体力活动(MVPA)状态,仅有8.7%的寄宿高中生每天体力活动时间达到1h,年级差异有统计学意义(p<0.001)。45.7%的学生课间处于静坐少动行为(SB)状态,年级差异无统计学意义。男女生在体育课MVPA水平、课间SB行为以及课余锻炼时间上均有统计学差异(p<0.05~p<0.01)。班主任体力活动干预支持性高于体育教师,差异有统计学意义(p<0.05)。结论:寄宿高中学生体育课中MVPA人数比例偏低,课余体力活动时间不足,课间SB比例偏高。建立班主任与体育教师合作干预机制符合学校健康促进的发展理念与现实需求。  相似文献   

7.
大学生体质与体力活动的相关分析和研究   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9       下载免费PDF全文
采用《学生体质健康标准》和体力活动概念研究大学生体质、体力活动现状及相互关系。从南京大学、南京理工大学等11所院校共抽取研究对象2 614人,其中男生1 313人,女生1 301人。体质测试采用《学生体质健康标准》,体力活动调查采用国际体力活动问卷。结果显示:大学生体质总体良好,男生体质综合得分、体质健康达标优秀率均优于女生;男生超重或肥胖发生率为9.5%,女生低体重发生率为24.5%,身体成分不合理对体质健康构成负面影响;大学生大中强度体力活动主要来源于体育课,课余时间体力活动偏少,女生活动比男生少,大学生每天静坐时间较长;每周有规律地参加大中强度体力活动,尤其是大强度活动可以有效提高大学生体质健康水平。  相似文献   

8.
目的:检验学龄前儿童不同簇集特征体力活动与体质健康是否存在剂量-效应关系。方法:不同簇集特征体力活动通过连续7天佩戴加速度传感器进行测量。根据持续时间不同,分为零星中高强度体力活动(MVPA)(2~4 s)、短时持续MVPA(5~9 s)和长时持续MVPA(≥10 s)3类。体质测试包括心肺耐力、肌肉力量和速度灵敏素质。将男、女童不同簇集特征体力活动和体质健康综合得分分别按四分位数进行分类(Q1~Q4组),并定义体质健康得分最高的Q4组为高体质健康水平(HPH)。采用逻辑回归和线性回归探讨不同簇集特征MVPA与HPH间的关系。结果:共265名受试者纳入最后统计分析(男童149名,女童116名;月龄,57.19±5.33月)。男童中,校正混杂因素后,以活动量最少的Q1组为参照,活动量最多的Q4组中零星、短时持续和长时持续MVPA达到HPH的比值比(OR)分别为:11.72(95%CI:2.27,60.53)、7.53(95%CI:1.83,30.90)和8.98(95%CI:1.78,45.39);女童中也得到类似结果,分别为11.85(95%CI:2.33,60.19)、12.34(95%CI:2.47,61.57)和8.58(95%CI:1.70,43.41)。此外,研究发现,合计(零星+持续)MVPA与HPH在男童中存在非线性关系。当合计MVPA≤65 min/天时,每增加1 min的合计MVPA,达到HPH的OR增加19%(OR=1.19,95%CI:1.03,1.37);合计MVPA>65 min/天时,达到HPH的OR无显著变化。女童中未发现此非线性关系。结论:学龄前儿童累积不同簇集特征MVPA越多,达到HPH的比率越高,呈现出显著的剂量-效应关系。而在男童中,每日累积的MVPA超过65 min后达到HPH的比率不再显著增加。  相似文献   

9.
目的调查湘西地区大学生群体的体力活动量及静态生活方式现状对提高大学生的体质健康水平具有重要的现实意义。方法采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、和数理统计法,分层整群随机抽取湘西地区张家界学院、吉首大学和怀化学院的大一至大四非体育专业的1 019名本科学生进行体力活动的抽样调查。结果湘西地区大学生体力活动活跃度达到适宜及活跃水平的活跃率最高(75.6%);男生体力活动活跃度达到适宜及活跃水平的活跃率为80.6%,女生为70.9%,男女生差异显著(p<0.01);80%以上的调查对象缺少不同强度职业性体力活动时间,其职业性和交通性体力活动方式主要是步行;并且女生的各强度职业性和交通性体力活动代谢当量均值高于男生,男女生差异显著。结论湘西地区大学生体力活动不足状况较严重;每天平均静坐的时间超过4h,长时间的静坐方式对湘西地区大学生日常体力活动的影响较大。建议完善职业性体力活动;丰富大学生休闲时间及日常生活的活动方式;引导大学生进行适量的运动锻炼,减少静坐时间;均衡体力活动时间及活动强度。  相似文献   

10.
目的：探讨中小学生运动益处与障碍认知对于身体活动的影响及内在关联,为提升中小学生身体活动和减少久坐行为提供参考。方法：随机抽取小学4～6年级618人和初中1～3年级学生1047人,调查其身体活动水平、久坐行为时长和运动障碍及障碍认知水平;使用卡方检验比较不同性别、不同学段学生的身体活动水平的差异,使用独立样本t检验比较中小学生的运动益处认知差异,最后进行多元线性回归分析揭示其关联性。结果：被调查学生的总体身体活动水平偏低,66.5%的女生处在低强度身体活动水平远高于男生的46.9%(X2=71.29,P<0.001);初中生低强度身体活动人数占比68.6%远高于小学生的36.1%,56.0%的小学生处在中等强度身体活动水平远高于初中生的29.0%(X2=171.75,P<0.001)。中小学男生的运动益处与障碍认知得分高于女生,中学生运动益处与障碍认知得分高于小学生,并具有显著性差异(P<0.001)。运动益处与障碍认知中预防保健、生命促进维度与中小学男生久坐行为显著相关(P<0.001),社会交往与女生久坐行为显著相...  相似文献   

11.
Numerous studies have identified a positive association between fundamental movement skill (FMS) competency and physical activity in children; however, the causal pathways have not been established. The aim of this study is to determine if changes in FMS competency mediated the effect of the Supporting Children’s Outcomes using Rewards, Exercise and Skills (SCORES) intervention on physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in children. Eight primary schools (25 classes) and 460 children (aged 8.5 ± 0.6, 54% girls) were randomised to the SCORES intervention or control group for the 12-month study. The outcomes were accelerometer-determined moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and cardiorespiratory fitness. The hypothesised mediators were actual FMS competency and perceived sport competence. Mediation analyses were conducted using multilevel linear analysis in MPlus. From the original sample, 138 (30.0%) and 370 (80.4%) children provided useable physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness data at post-test assessments. There were significant treatment effects for locomotor skills and overall FMSs. Changes in MVPA were associated with changes in object-control skills, overall FMSs and perceived competence. The overall FMSs had a significant mediating effect on MVPA (AB = 2.09, CI = 0.01–4.55). Overall FMSs (AB = 1.19, CI = 0.002–2.79) and locomotor skills (AB = 0.74, CI = 0.01–1.69) had a significant mediating effect on cardiorespiratory fitness. The results of this study conclude that actual but not perceived movement skill competency mediated the effect of the SCORES intervention on physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness.  相似文献   

12.
Children’s fundamental movement skill levels (FMS) predict moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Asian children have been reported as less active than English-Europeans, possibly due to poorer skills. This study compared the FMS of children from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) backgrounds and examined FMS correlates. A total of 261 children (122 males) aged 9-to-11 years were divided based on language spoken at home: English-European (n = 105) and Asian (n = 156). Height, mass, FMS (Test of Gross Motor Development-2), MVPA (accelerometer) and cardio-respiratory fitness (20m multistage shuttle run) were directly measured. Sex, age, language and perceived sport competence (CY-PSPP) were self-reported. Independent sample t-tests assessed age, BMI, FMS and perception by CALD group. Linear mixed models examined FMS correlates. Asian-speaking children had lower object control skill (35.5 v 37.2; CI [0.17, 3.18]; p < 0.03) compared to English-European- children, but no between-group differences in locomotor skills were observed. Fitness, physical activity and sport competence perception were positively associated with object control, yet adjusting for these variables (and age and BMI) did not remove the CALD effect (B = ?2.02, SE = 0.69, p = 0.004). Cultural factors may affect object control competence in Asian-Australian children.  相似文献   

13.
Associations between fundamental movement skills (FMS), perceived competence, enjoyment and physical activity (PA) have not been widely investigated among Chinese school children. We hypothesised that FMS would be directly related to self-reported and objectively measured PA, and indirectly related to these outcomes via perceived physical and movement skill competence, and enjoyment. Participants were 763 primary school children (age = 9.3 ± 1.7 years; 474 girls) across grades. FMS were measured for a subsample (n = 603) using Test of Gross Motor Development-2. PA using accelerometers was obtained from this subgroup (n = 238). All participating children completed a questionnaire measuring their PA participation, enjoyment, and perceived physical and movement skill competence. Structural equation modelling revealed positive associations between locomotor skills and perceived movement skill competence (β = .11, 95% CI [.001, .22]), and between perceived movement skill competence and objectively measured PA (β = .59, 95% CI [.04, 1.14]). Perceived physical competence and enjoyment mediated the association between locomotor skills and self-reported PA (β = .08, 95% CI [.02, .12]), but not objectively measured PA. Given inconsistent findings for subjective and objective measures of PA, further mediation analyses of the association between FMS and PA may be warranted.  相似文献   

14.
Abstract

Levels of physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour among English and Spanish youth are high and vary within different regions of each country. Little though is known about these during specific periods of the day. The purpose of this study was to describe physical activity (PA) and sedentary time during segments of the day and week, and compare these critical contexts between youth in the Liverpool and Madrid areas of England and Spain, respectively. PA was objectively assessed in 235 Liverpool- and 241 Madrid youth (aged 10–14 years) who wore accelerometers for seven consecutive days. Minutes of sedentary time, moderate PA, vigorous PA and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were calculated for weekdays, weekend days, school time, non-school time and after-school. Between-country differences were analysed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Madrid youth spent significantly more time in sedentary activities than their Liverpool counterparts. Madrid youth engaged in more minutes of moderate intensity physical activity (MPA) than Liverpool youth during weekdays, school time and non-school time (P<0.01). Liverpool children recorded more time in vigorous physical activity (VPA) than Madrid peers during week days and weekend days (P<0.01) and during school time and after-school periods (P <0.01). The MVPA was significantly higher among Madrid youth during non-school time (P<0.01). Around 25% of all youth achieved recommended levels of MVPA. Low levels of MVPA and systematic differences in sedentary time, MPA and VPA exist between Liverpool and Madrid youth. Interventions targeted at the least-active children during weekends, after-school and non-school periods within the cultural contexts common to each city are required.  相似文献   

15.
This study sought to determine whether weight status influences the association among children's fundamental movement skills (FMS) and physical activity (PA). Two hundred forty-eight children ages 9-12 years participated. Proficiency in three object-control skills and two locomotor skills was examined. Accelerometers objectively assessed physical activity. Body mass index was calculated to determine weight status. Correlations between physical activity and FMS proficiency were evident among boys and girls. No significant interaction was apparent when examining FMS proficiency scores, PA variables, and weight status. Future studies should examine a broader range of skills and types of activities to better characterize this relationship and to inform the promotion of movement skill proficiency and PA.  相似文献   

16.
Little is known about whether physical activity compensation occurs and, if so, what are potential moderators of such responses. This study examined whether children’s physical activity, sedentary time and energy expenditure on one day was associated with these behaviours the following day, and what factors may moderate observed associations. One hundred and twenty-seven children (8–11 years) wore an ActiGraph accelerometer for eight days. Time spent in sedentary time and physical activity was obtained. Daily energy expenditure was also assessed using a SenseWear Armband (n=98). Moderators examined were sex, age, BMI, fitness, and fundamental movement skills (FMS). Multilevel analyses were conducted using generalized mixed models. On any given day, every additional 10 minutes spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was associated with 9.3 minutes less MVPA the following day. Every additional 10kcal expended on one day was associated with 2.9 fewer kcal expended the following day. Additional time spent sedentary on any given day was associated with less light physical activity the following day in children with lower FMS. The results are largely consistent with the compensation hypothesis, with children appearing to compensate their activity between days. Strategies to minimise potential compensatory changes may be needed for children overall rather than for specific population sub-groups.  相似文献   

17.
The aim of this study was to determine if a potential relationship among physical activity (PA), fundamental movement skills and weight status exists amongst early adolescent youth. Participants were a sample of 85 students; 54 boys (mean age = 12.94 ± 0.33 years) and 31 girls (mean age = 12.75 ± 0.43 years). Data gathered during physical education class included PA (accelerometry), fundamental movement skills and anthropometric measurements. Standard multiple regression revealed that PA and total fundamental movement skill proficiency scores explained 16.5% (P < 0.001) of the variance in the prediction of body mass index. Chi-square tests for independence further indicated that compared with overweight or obese adolescents, a significantly higher proportion of adolescents classified as normal weight achieved mastery/near-mastery in fundamental movement skills. Results from the current investigation indicate that weight status is an important correlate of fundamental movement skill proficiency during adolescence. Aligned with most recent research, school- and community-based programmes that include developmentally structured learning experiences delivered by specialists can significantly improve fundamental movement skill proficiency in youth.  相似文献   

18.
BackgroundPhysical activity (PA) in the early years is associated with a range of positive health outcomes. Fundamental motor skill (FMS) competence is associated with PA and is theorized to be driven by PA in the early years and vice versa in mid to late childhood. However, to date, no studies have meta-analyzed the association between PA and FMS in the early years.MethodsSix electronic databases were searched for articles published up to April 2019. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies were included if they targeted children (ages 3–6 year) as the population of the study and assessed the association between objectively measured PA and FMS. Total FMS, total physical activity (TPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) data were meta-analyzed using a random effects model.ResultsWe identified 24,815 titles and abstracts. In total, 19 studies met the inclusion criteria, including 14 cross-sectional and 4 longitudinal studies, as well as 1 study with cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis. There was a significant but small positive association between FMS and MVPA (r = 0.20, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.13–0.26) and TPA (r = 0.20, 95%CI: 0.12–0.28). Findings from longitudinal studies revealed that PA drives FMS in early childhood. Mediation was explored in 1 study, which found that perceived motor competence did not mediate the association between FMS and PA.ConclusionUsing a meta-analysis, this study is the first to show a positive association between FMS, MVPA, and TPA in the early years of childhood, suggesting that the association begins at an early age. Limited evidence from longitudinal studies supports the theory that PA drives FMS in the early years of childhood. More evidence is needed from large studies to track PA and FMS until mid to late childhood and to explore the mediators of this association.  相似文献   

19.
The aims of this study were: (1) to observe participation in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during school recess periods; (2) to determine the relative importance of physical activity during recesses to overall daily physical activity; and (3) to examine differences in physical activity between the sexes during unstructured recess periods. The participants were 22 school children (10 boys, 12 girls) aged 8?–?10 years (mean = 8.9, s = 0.7) in the third and fourth grades. Daily totals for the physical activity variables were calculated by summing the values for each hour of 14?h of physical activity measurements (08:00 to 22:00?h). Recess times (minutes) were as follows: morning 10:30 to 11:00?h and afternoon 15:30 to 16:00?h. We did not differences between boys and girls in daily total accelerometer counts or the overall time spent in MVPA. However, girls were significantly (P <?0.05) more involved (38%) in MVPA during recess time than boys (31%). Participation in MVPA during recess contributes significantly more (P <?0.05) for girls (19%) than boys (15%) to the total amount of physical activity suggested by international health-related physical activity guidelines, while the percentage of time engaged in MVPA during recess time at school accounts for a small amount of the daily MVPA (6% for boys and 8% for girls). The results of this study suggest that school recess time is an important setting to promote MVPA and contributes to daily physical activity in young children, especially in girls.  相似文献   

20.
This study aimed to examine aspects of validity and reliability of the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2) in Filipino children with intellectual disability. Content and construct validity were verified, as well as inter-rater and intra-rater reliability. Two paediatric physiotherapists tested 81 children with intellectual disability (mean age = 9.29 ± 2.71 years) on locomotor and object control skills. Analysis of covariance, confirmatory factor analysis and analysis of variance were used to test validity, while Cronbach’s alpha, intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) and Bland–Altman plots were used to examine reliability. Age was a significant predictor of locomotor and object control scores (P = 0.004). The data fit the hypothesised two-factor model with fit indices as follows: χ2 = 33.525, DF = 34, P = 0.491, χ2/DF = 0.986. As hypothesised, gender was a significant predictor for object control skills (P = 0.038). Participants’ mean scores were significantly below mastery (locomotor, P < 0.001; object control, P < 0.001). Cronbach’s alpha was 0.830 for locomotor and 0.792 for object control components. ICC for locomotor and object control scores ranged from 0.995 to 0.998, suggesting excellent intra-rater and inter-rater reliability, confirmed by Bland–Altman analysis. This study provides evidence of sufficient content and construct validity, internal consistency and rater reliability of TGMD-2 for Filipino children with intellectual disability.  相似文献   

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