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Benoit Godin 《Research Policy》2004,33(5):679-690
In the last two decades, concepts have appeared that have influenced and even defined entire science and technology policies in Western countries: high technology, national system of innovation, information economy, knowledge-based economy, and the new economy. In all these policy developments, the OECD, acting as a think tank for its member countries, has been an important promoter of the concepts, turning them into buzzwords. This article looks at the concept of the new economy as the culmination of decades of work on technology and productivity, and explores the crucial role of the OECD in its dissemination and, above all, the role statistics have played in shaping science and innovation policies. 相似文献
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跨国公司技术转移溢出效应区域差异分析 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
20世纪80年代以来，在以跨国公司为主导的全球化浪潮中，外国直接投资（FDI）已成为国际技术转移的主要方式。由于技术对经济持续增长的动力作用，跨国公司技术转移在世界经济发展中扮演着愈来愈重要的角色。同时，跨国公司技术转移对东道国尤其是发展中国家经济、社会发展的影响也在日益扩大。技术转移的大规模发生，不仅缓解了经济发展过程中的资本短缺，加快了国民经济工业化、市场化和国际化的步伐；而且使东道国技术水平、组织效率不断提高，从而提高国民经济全要素生产率（TFP），使国民经济走上内生化增长的道路。本文在现有文献基础上，构建经济计量模型，以我国近年来具体数据为依托，运用计量经济方法进行检验和分析。 相似文献
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Derek L. Bosworth 《Research Policy》1980,9(4):378-388
The causes of the transfer of technology between countries is now seen as an important dimension of the diffusion of new products and processes. Despite its obvious importance, there has been little empirical research investigating the international transfer of technology, although the work of Schiffel and Kitti (Research Policy 7 (1978)) provides a useful foundation on which to build. The research reported below tests the hypothesis that the transfer of technology between countries, as measured by the movement of patented invention, is influenced by both supply side and demand side factors. The principal variables are: patenting activity in the country of origin; the size of the recepient economy; international trade in goods and services; and the operations of multinational producing enterprises. These vaiables explain most of the variation across countries in the transfer of U.S. technology abroad. The worldwide distribution of U.S. based multinational enterprises appear to play an important part in explaining U.S. technology tranfer. On the other hand, the remaining international differences in patent law do not seem to significantly affect patent flows between countries. 相似文献
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基于国家知识产权局专利检索及分析平台2001-2015年专利转移记录,本文对中国城市技术转移的空间集聚特征及其对城市经济增长的作用机制进行了研究。结果发现：（1）2001-2015年,中国技术转移在城市尺度上表现出显著的空间相关性和空间集聚性,在空间格局上呈现出由多极格局向一超多强格局演进,长三角是中国技术转移最为活跃和频繁的区域;（2）空间计量分析发现技术转移服务于城市经济增长的作用不断突显,2001-2015年,中国城市技术经济发展路径经历了由集聚经济向扩散经济转变的历程。 相似文献
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In the last decade, there has been an increasing recognition among Central American policy makers of the central importance of science, technology and innovation (STI) for inclusive and sustainable economic growth, based on higher productivity. This paper aims to study current STI policies in those countries and explore whether this increasing acknowledgement has come along with new and more active policies. Empirical evidence collected through questionnaire-based interviews with high-level government officials in each country shows that Central American governments have built public organisations and institutions to support STI, such as laws, national plans and a wide variety of policy instruments. Yet available science and technology indicators illustrate that the results are still meagre. This paper identifies eight barriers faced by these governments when designing and implementing STI policies. 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2023,52(9):104819
Our study is a quasi-replication of Dechezleprêtre et al. (2013), which was among the first studies to find a strong role for IPRs in explaining the international transfer of climate change and mitigation technologies (CCMTs). Their result is at odds with the received wisdom on the ambiguous role of IPRs in determining technology transfer to developing countries as strong IPRs can enable a market expansion effect and result in technology transfer but they may also strengthen monopoly power, increase value and reduce the incentive to transfer a large volume of technology. We extend the Dechezleprêtre et al. (2013) study by distinguishing between OECD and non-OECD groups of countries, including the effect of both de jure and de facto IPRs, and extending the period of study to include the years 2008–2018, when global trade and investment slowed down. Our exercise reveals that technology transfer to non-OECD countries is associated with a different set of policies compared to OECD countries. We also find that strong IP policies have not had the same beneficial CCMTs transfer outcomes in 2008–2018 as they did in the earlier period and in fact strong de facto IPR reduced the volume of CCMTs transfer to all countries. 相似文献
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本文从理论和经验两方面概括性地介绍了西方经济学者关于经济全球化条件下国家技术政策的研究 ,揭示了西方国家技术政策的演进趋势。 相似文献
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Khaled Elmawazini 《The Journal of High Technology Management Research》2012,23(2):103-111
The paper contributes to the empirical literature by investigating host country innovation capability and export success of local firms as main determinants of technology transfer spending by foreign affiliates. In addition, the paper succeeds to partially explains why previous studies show mixed support for the significance of the technology diffusion from foreign affiliates by estimating the innovation capability threshold level. Using data for majority-owned foreign affiliates of the US parent companies in 32 developed and developing countries during the period 1966–2000, the panel data models have two main results. The first result is that the host country innovation capability and export success of local firms have significant impact on the technology transfer spending by foreign affiliates. The second result is that many developing countries do not attain the innovation capability threshold level in order to obtain positive technology spillovers from foreign affiliates. 相似文献
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A comparison is made between the application of computers and other information technology (IT) in China and the West. Computers started being applied much later in developing countries. China, the largest developing country, geographically, in the world has a wish to catch up with the advanced countries and to build its own information technology infrastructure. Much of the technology, theory, and application methods have been introduced into China from the West and other countries over the past 15 years. There is a problem in that a large proportion of the technology and methods cannot simply be transferred between the West and China. On the one hand Chinese people become suspicious of the results of introducing IT from the West, and on the other hand China is a mysterious country for many western people. What has happened when IT has been introduced to China? Will there be a similar growth pattern for China as in the West? This paper compares the environment in terms of culture and the stages of growth model in an attempt to answer those questions, and improve understanding. 相似文献
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Diana Crane 《Research Policy》1977,6(4):374-395
The recent literature on the role of science and technology in developing countries is reviewed in order to assess the extent of our current knowledge concerning the sociological factors affecting the development of indigenous scientific and technological innovations. Existing studies provide some preliminary evidence in favor of the hypothesis that inadequate linkages between institutions in the various sectors of developing societies inhibit the development and utilization of indigenous technological innovations.In general, relationships between government research organizations and the potential users of their technological innovations are absent or unsatisfactory. Academic research tends to be oriented toward the interests of the international scientific community. The substantial literature on the problems of indigenous technological transfer in India suggests that inadequate coordination between different sectors of that society is in part responsible for its failure to develop its potential for technological innovation.Recent attempts to stimulate the production and diffusion of indigenous technology in developing countries by creating new types of research institutes in the university and coordinating agencies in the government are discussed. Systematic evaluations of these programs are lacking, but coordinating agencies have often performed poorly because of insufficient power to influence the policies of other organizations.A sociological approach based on interorganizational analysis is suggested for future studies of this problem. This literature identifies the optimal characteristics of coordinating organizations at the government level and of research utilizations systems which link research organizations to their clients at the local level.A bibliography comprising 102 references classified by region is included. 相似文献
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可再生能源技术创新是促进能源转型和经济高质量发展的重要一环。已有研究多从国内经济因素探讨环境政策对可再生能源技术创新的影响,较少从制度层面以及开放的国际视域开展研究。本文利用1998—2016年32个国家的面板数据,运用多元回归分析方法,首先引入政策强度计量政策严格性,探索国内外环境政策对本国可再生能源技术创新的动态影响,其次选用制度质量作为制度环境优劣的度量指标,探讨制度因素对环境政策效果的调节作用。研究发现：①国内外环境政策对本国可再生能源技术创新均存在正向影响,但这种影响存在一定的时间滞后期;②国外环境政策对本国可再生能源技术创新的影响早于国内环境政策,国外环境政策的“政策溢出”效应存在;③制度质量正向调节国内环境政策对本国可再生能源技术创新的影响,制度质量的提高能够增强环境政策的创新激励效应。研究结论可为中国进一步优化环境政策体系、推动可再生能源发展提供科学依据。 相似文献
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姜凤杰 《科技成果管理与研究》2009,(4):27-29
环境问题已经成为当今世界面临的共同问题,制约着经济社会发展、威胁着人类的生存,许多国家纷纷采取各种手段治理环境污染。其中,环境税作为环境保护手段之一已被越来越多的国家所采用。虽然我国已经在税收政策中涉及到几个方面的环境税收政策,但我国现有的环境税收政策暴露出的种种弊端说明目前的环境税收政策没有很好地,有效地发挥环保作用。这就要求政府相关部门尽快改革原有的环境税收制度．制定新的符合国情的环境税收政策以促进环保事业的发展。 相似文献
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产业集群已成为我国区域发展重要的产业组织形式,特别是对中小企业的发展其有重要影响。通过基于产业集群的投入政策加强对产业集群的支持有助于国家调整产业结构、实现保增长促发展。本文探讨了基于产业集群的投入政策在国内外的现状,认为区域政策、产业政策的重点应转向基于产业集群的投入政策,重点是建立基于产业集群的多层次的财政和金融投入体系;完善集群产业基础设施,特别是集群类企业技术创新的公共平台和服务体系等。 相似文献
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提高出口技术复杂度是中国外贸和经济实现高质量发展的重要方向。本文在控制其他传统变量的情况下,重点研究了区际产业转移对中国出口技术复杂度的影响机理,并利用2003~2017年数据和省级空间面板模型对其进行实证评估。结论显示,一省的出口技术复杂度不仅受到本地区区际产业转移的影响,而且还受到相邻地区区际产业转移的影响,表现为本地区的产业转入对出口技术复杂度产生显著的促进作用,相邻地区的产业转入对其产生显著的抑制作用。此外,本地区及相邻地区的研发投入和外商直接投资、相邻地区的基础设施改善有助于提升本地区的出口技术复杂度。 相似文献
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外向的对外直接投资（OFDI）在发展中国家从高速增长到迅速下滑，中国加快“一带一路”战略的实施以应对外部严峻的经济形势。目前已有研究涉及知识产权制度距离与外向对外直接投资关系的很少，本文研究了知识产权制度距离在发展中国家对OFDI的影响，并进一步分析中国对“一带一路”国家投资的特殊规律。研究发现：发展中国家只有向知识产权制度距离相近且为负的发展中国家投资时，知识产权制度距离才会起到吸引作用；而向知识产权制度距离为正的其他发展中国家、落后国家及发达国家投资时，知识产权制度距离都会对发展中国家外向对外直接投资起到阻碍作用。中国向“一带一路”国家投资在不同地区各影响因素表现出不同的影响规律。在此基础上，本研究从发展中国家以及中国对“一带一路”地区投资两个角度提出了政策建议。 相似文献