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《宁波教育学院学报》2020,(3):113-118
儿童广泛性发育障碍,又称自闭症(孤独症)谱系障碍,是一组以交流语言障碍和行为异常为特征的发育障碍性疾病。早期干预是目前被认为最有效的治疗方案。语言干预在早期干预中占有重要地位。提高自闭症谱系障碍儿童的语言使用能力有利于其与外界进行交流与沟通。通过分析总结出适用于自闭症儿童在幼儿园环境中进行语用干预的基本模式。结果表明,语用干预的实施有利于自闭症谱系儿童接受融合教育,最终实现各方面能力的全面进步,迈出融入社会的第一步。 相似文献
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从全国幼儿园大班儿童入学成熟水平标准化测量数据库中的四万多个样本中随机抽取100名普通儿童,同时选取47名自闭症谱系障碍儿童入学成熟水平的有效数据,探究自闭症谱系障碍儿童与普通儿童在入学成熟水平方面的差异。结果表明,自闭症谱系障碍儿童在视知觉能力、听知觉能力、运动协调能力、知觉转换能力、数学准备能力、语言沟通能力、社会适应能力、学习品质八个入学成熟水平维度上均显著低于普通儿童。参照本研究结果,可为随班就读的自闭症谱系障碍儿童做好全面科学的入学准备提出合理建议。 相似文献
3.
自闭症儿童模仿能力的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
半个世纪以来,国外学者在自闭症儿童模仿能力的研究,尤其是近十年来有关模仿的认知研究和脑神经科学研究方面取得了许多新的有价值成果.在回顾和分析这些结果的基础上,我们认为:在行为水平上,模仿缺陷是自闭症儿童的主要障碍特征;在认知理论上,自我-他人投射理论是解释自闭症儿童模仿缺陷的最简洁假设;在神经机制上,镜像神经系统的机能障碍可能是造成自闭谱系儿童模仿缺陷的生理机制. 相似文献
4.
在普通儿童语言发展的早期阶段就具有将新异词语与所指事物进行“快速映射”的词语习得能力,但有明显语言发展障碍的自闭症谱系障碍儿童是否也存在这种“快速映射”能力呢?本文回顾并评析过去15年间国外关于自闭症谱系障碍儿童在基本映射条件下、社会性映射条件下和非社会性映射条件下词语习得能力的相关研究,发现自闭症谱系障碍儿童不能像普通儿童一样灵活自如地运用各种线索、技能或策略来学习词语. 相似文献
5.
通过家长问卷筛查自闭症谱系障碍儿童是为常见,然运用问卷来区分功能则,本研究欲探索其可能性.结合我国社会文化编制了用于甄别自闭症谱系障碍儿童和区分其功能的家长访谈问卷,并运用该问卷对全国11个城市的2901名1-6岁普通儿童和119名自闭症谱系障碍儿童家长进行了实际调查.调查结果表明,运用该问卷既可甄别又可有效地区分自闭症谱系障碍儿童不同功能.说明运用家长问卷甄别与区分自闭症谱系障碍儿童的功能具有可行性. 相似文献
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语言缺陷,尤其是语义一语用障碍,是自闭症谱系障碍(Autism Spectrum Disor-ders)的核心问题之一.本文在回顾和分析自闭症谱系障碍语义加工的认知特点及其神经心理机制的基础上,认为自闭症谱系障碍中有语言能力的个体既有简单语义理解能力,同时又存在复杂语义的理解缺陷.并针对自闭症谱系障碍的"能力"和"缺陷"并存的语言认知特点,复杂信息加工缺陷模式、中央统合理论以及脑神经联结异常假设,从认知神经心理学的角度进行了科学的解释和说明. 相似文献
7.
自闭症谱系儿童语言干预中的"视觉支持"策略 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
自闭症谱系障碍儿童的语言理解和运用在很大程度上可能涉及到视觉能力的参与."视觉支持"是根据这一认知加工特点而设计的干预策略.从种类上说,视觉支持工具包括视觉流程表、信息分享栏、组织图等.这些视觉工具既能够单独使用,又能够整合到相关的教育干预方案(如图片兑换沟通系统、结构化教学、社会故事方案)之中.视觉支持策略能够有效提高自闭症谱系障碍的社会交往能力和语言能力,是一种值得提倡和推广的语言干预策略. 相似文献
8.
《兰州教育学院学报》2019,(4)
近年来,自闭症儿童患病人数逐年增加,其中男童多发于女童,发病机制尚不明确。自闭症儿童因智商高低又可分为高功能自闭症与低功能自闭症两种类型。语言障碍作为自闭症儿童临床表现中最为突出的症状之一,为其生活带来了极大的不便。本文根据汉语自闭症儿童的语言功能特征,针对高功能自闭症儿童的语言问题进行探讨,得出了儿童语言模仿行为僵化,儿童内部状态语言匮乏,儿童不适宜表达方式时有发生等特征,以期在亲子互动中推动高功能自闭症儿童语言康复发展。 相似文献
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自新冠疫情爆发以来,各国加大了对自闭症儿童远程诊疗的研究和实践.本文对2010-2021年间国外自闭症谱系障碍儿童远程诊疗的研究案例作了梳理,从技术手段、诊疗对象、诊疗措施和治疗效果等几个方面进行实证分析,发现远程诊疗在提升患儿言语语言交流能力、日常生活技能、社交技能和行为管理能力方面都产生了实际疗效.此外,远程指导下... 相似文献
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J P Braden 《American annals of the deaf》1989,134(5):329-332
Despite the popularity of nonverbal IQ tests for psychoeducational assessment of deaf children, criterion-related validity is lacking. This may be because nonverbal IQ tests lack criterion-related validity, or because inappropriate scaling attenuates IQ achievement correlations. Two studies used samples of deaf children to test these hypotheses. The first study (N = 33) correlated WISC-R PIQs with Stanford Achievement Test-Hearing Impaired Edition (SAT-HI) grade equivalents and age-based percentiles (rs less than .37, NS). The second study (N = 64) correlated nonverbal IQs from many tests with SAT-HI scores (rs .05 to .42). The results implicate the hypothesis that criterion scale affects IQ-achievement correlations. The role of nonverbal IQ in the psychoeducational assessment of deaf children is discussed. 相似文献
13.
上海市智障、脑瘫儿童康复工作现状调查研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
该研究的调查对象主要是上海市17个区招收智障、脑瘫儿童的幼儿园特教班、辅读学校以及康复机构的有关人员,采用自编问卷与访谈相结合的方式,对智障、脑瘫儿童的康复训练情况进行了调查研究。调查发现,上海市智障、脑瘫儿童的康复训练工作已受到各有关方面重视,能充分利用各种渠道为两类儿童进行康复训练,并取得一定成效,初步形成了比较完善的康复训练体系;但是在专业人员队伍建设(数量和专业水平)、经费投入、康复设施与设备等方面仍存在不少问题;文中最后对两类儿童的康复训练工作提出了一些建议。 相似文献
14.
Bouton S Bertoncini J Serniclaes W Colé P 《Journal of deaf studies and deaf education》2011,16(4):458-473
We assessed the reading and reading-related skills (phonemic awareness and phonological short-term memory) of deaf children fitted with cochlear implants (CI), either exposed to cued speech early (before 2 years old) (CS+) or never (CS-). Their performance was compared to that of 2 hearing control groups, 1 matched for reading level (RL), and 1 matched for chronological age (CA). Phonemic awareness and phonological short-term memory were assessed respectively through a phonemic similarity judgment task and through a word span task measuring phonological similarity effects. To assess the use of sublexical and lexical reading procedures, children read pseudowords and irregular words aloud. Results showed that cued speech improved performance on both the phonemic awareness and the reading tasks but not on the phonological short-term memory task. In phonemic awareness and reading, CS+ children obtained accuracy and rapidity scores similar to CA controls, whereas CS- children obtained lower scores than hearing controls. Nevertheless, in phonological short-term memory task, the phonological similarity effect of both CI groups was similar. Overall, these results support the use of cued speech to improve phonemic awareness and reading skills in CI children. 相似文献
15.
Deaf children's use of phonological coding: evidence from reading, spelling, and working memory 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Two groups of deaf children, aged 8 and 14 years, were presented with a number of tasks designed to assess their reliance on phonological coding. Their performance was compared with that of hearing children of the same chronological age (CA) and reading age (RA). Performance on the first task, short-term recall of pictures, showed that the deaf children's spans were comparable to those of RA controls but lower than CA controls. For the older deaf children, short-term memory span predicted reading ability. There was no clear evidence that the deaf children were using phonological coding in short-term memory when recall of dissimilar items was compared with recall of items with similarly sounding names. In the second task, which assessed orthographic awareness, performance of the deaf children was similar to that of RA controls although scores predicted reading level for the deaf children but not the hearing. The final task was a picture spelling test in which there were marked differences between the deaf and hearing children, most notably in the number of spelling refusals (which was higher for the deaf children in the older group than their RA controls) and the percentage of phonetic errors (which was considerably lower for both groups of deaf children than for any of the hearing controls). Overall these results provide support for the view that deaf children place little reliance on phonological coding. 相似文献
16.
This article reports on a longitudinal study of reading progress in a group of five-year-old deaf children and a group of hearing controls. All children were prereaders at the beginning of the study and the IQ of the two groups were matched. The deaf children varied considerably on a number of measures, including implicit phonological awareness, oral ability, and familiarity with British Sign Language and fingerspelling. Overall, the deaf children made significantly less reading progress than their hearing peers over the first year of schooling, and they also scored significantly lower on the test of rime and onset awareness. However, considerable variation in the reading progress of the deaf children was positively correlated with oral skills, rime/onset awareness, and language comprehension. Language comprehension, itself, was positively correlated with signing and fingerspelling. The deaf children were assessed again one year later, when learning to read continued to be very delayed, and the pattern of correlation was essentially the same. The implications of these findings for the education of deaf children are discussed. 相似文献
17.
Nine children with severe-profound prelingual hearing loss and single-word reading scores not more than 10 months behind chronological age (Good Readers) were matched with 9 children whose reading lag was at least 15 months (Poor Readers). Good Readers had significantly higher spelling and reading comprehension scores. They produced significantly more phonetic errors (indicating the use of phonological coding) and more often correctly represented the number of syllables in spelling than Poor Readers. They also scored more highly on orthographic awareness and were better at speech reading. Speech intelligibility was the same in the two groups. Cluster analysis revealed that only three Good Readers showed strong evidence of phonetic coding in spelling although seven had good representation of syllables; only four had high orthographic awareness scores. However, all 9 children were good speech readers, suggesting that a phonological code derived through speech reading may underpin reading success for deaf children. 相似文献
18.
Vicki Bitsika 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》2015,62(2):158-167
The prevalence, severity and symptom profiles for major depressive disorder (MDD) were compared in samples of boys and adolescents with and without an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Self-reports were obtained on the Depression subscale of the Child and Adolescent Symptoms Inventory (CASI-D) with 70 ASD and 50 non-ASD male participants between the ages of 8 and 18 from Queensland, Australia who were matched for age and IQ. Results indicated that the ASD participants had significantly higher total CASI-D scores, a greater proportion of participants who qualified for a diagnosis of MDD, and over 50% higher scores for 8 of the 10 CASI-D symptoms than non-ASD participants. The MDD profiles for the ASD participants were dominated by anhedonia. Issues for assessment and diagnosis of comorbid MDD in young males with an ASD, plus targeted treatment planning that directly addresses their MDD profile, are discussed. 相似文献
19.
Christiana Butera Priscilla Ring John Sideris Aditya Jayashankar Emily Kilroy Laura Harrison Sharon Cermak Lisa Aziz‐Zadeh 《Mind, Brain, and Education》2020,14(3):243-254
Difficulty processing sensory information may impede progress in school for students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We explore the relationship between sensory processing and school performance in 26 high‐functioning youths with ASD and 26 controls (age 8–14) using measures of sensory, social, cognitive, and academic functioning. In the ASD group, bivariate Pearson correlations indicated a significant positive relationship between intelligence quotient (IQ) and the School Competence Scale (SCS) of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and a significant negative relationship between Dunn's Sensory Processing Framework and SCS scores. Final hierarchical multiple linear regression model accounting for SCS scores in ASD included IQ, ADHD symptoms, and sensory features. An interaction between increased sensory sensitivity with reduced sensory avoidance behaviors explained the greatest amount of variance in SCS, meaning school performance is lowest for children with greater hypersensitivity and fewer avoidance behaviors. Results indicate a strong impact of sensory processing on school performance in ASD. 相似文献
20.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by impairments in social communication and social cognition. Difficulties in emotion understanding, from emotion recognition to emotion regulation are common features that can affect the inclusion process. One outstanding question is the extent to which age and IQ affect such impairments. The effect of IQ and age on emotion understanding was estimated in 55 children with ASD aged between 5 and 10 and with IQ ranging from 70 to 130. Emotion understanding and non-verbal cognitive ability were assessed, respectively, with the Test of Emotion Comprehension and the Leiter-R scale. The majority of participants scored significantly lower on the TEC compared to the normative sample. Performance compared against norms decreased with age and improved with increasing IQ; children with ‘borderline cognitive functioning’ performed significantly worse than children with ‘normative cognitive functioning’. Emotion understanding skills in children with ASD are affected by cognitive level and age. Implications for educational interventions are discussed. 相似文献