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1.
Ashley Stadler Blank Joerg Koenigstorfer Hans Baumgartner 《Sport Management Review》2018,21(2):114-132
As there is still no commonly accepted scale to measure the brand personality of sport teams, the purpose of this study was to develop and validate the Sport Team Personality Scale (STPS) in a professional sport context. The authors conducted a series of studies in the United States and United Kingdom with fans of the English Premier League, Major League Baseball, the National Basketball Association, the National Football League, and the National Hockey League. The STPS contains 18 items that load onto six factors: success, talent, entertainment, dedication, admiration, and care. The authors compared this new scale with existing sport team personality scales and used it to explore team identification and perceptual similarities and differences among teams. Results indicate that teams map along performance (i.e., success and talent) and character (i.e., admiration and care) factors and that the character factor is a more important source of team identification than the performance factor. Taken together, these results illustrate how the STPS can help sport managers position and differentiate teams within a league to improve marketing outcomes. 相似文献
2.
张超群 《武汉体育学院学报》2019,53(10):88-92
采用录像观察法。对中超和欧洲五大联赛主、客场攻守数据进行了对比分析，指出竞技能力才是影响比赛结果的关键要素。研究认为：（1）与欧洲联赛相比，五大联赛各队之间竞争较均衡，中超各队之间竞争不均衡，实力相差悬殊，中超的整体技战术水平和运动员个人技术的全面性都不如五大联赛。中超各队还缺少鲜明的特点和风格；（2）西甲各队的技战术水平比较成熟，主、客场进攻与防守能力较为平衡；（3）西甲在主、客场胜负率上没有显著性差异，证明其不愧为是世界上最强的职业联赛；（4）中超及五大联赛在主、客场进球数上均没有显著性差异，表明客场不利因素的影响在减小；（5）德甲在主、客场失球上有显著性差异，是防守能力不足的表现。 相似文献
3.
张超群 《武汉体育学院学报》2001,53(10):88-92
采用录像观察法。对中超和欧洲五大联赛主、客场攻守数据进行了对比分析，指出竞技能力才是影响比赛结果的关键要素。研究认为：（1）与欧洲联赛相比，五大联赛各队之间竞争较均衡，中超各队之间竞争不均衡，实力相差悬殊，中超的整体技战术水平和运动员个人技术的全面性都不如五大联赛。中超各队还缺少鲜明的特点和风格；（2）西甲各队的技战术水平比较成熟，主、客场进攻与防守能力较为平衡；（3）西甲在主、客场胜负率上没有显著性差异，证明其不愧为是世界上最强的职业联赛；（4）中超及五大联赛在主、客场进球数上均没有显著性差异，表明客场不利因素的影响在减小；（5）德甲在主、客场失球上有显著性差异，是防守能力不足的表现。 相似文献
4.
The present study examined the relationship between aggression and game location in rugby league. We videotaped a random sample of 21 professional rugby league games played in the 2000 Super League season. Trained observers recorded the frequency of aggressive behaviours. Consistent with previous research, which used territoriality theories as a basis for prediction, we hypothesized that the home team would behave more aggressively than the away team. The results showed no significant difference in the frequency of aggressive behaviours exhibited by the home and away teams. However, the away teams engaged in substantially more aggressive behaviours in games they lost compared with games they won. No significant differences in the pattern of aggressive behaviours for home and away teams emerged as a function of game time (i.e. first or second half) or game situation (i.e. when teams were winning, losing or drawing). The findings suggest that while home and away teams do not display different levels of aggression, the cost of behaving aggressively (in terms of game outcome) may be greater for the away team. 相似文献
5.
Home advantage is quantitatively defined and calculated for each season since the start of the main professional sports in North America and England. Over 400,000 games are analysed. The leagues represented are the National League (1876-2002) and American League (1901-2002) for baseball, the National Hockey League (1917-2003) for ice hockey, the National Football League (1933-2002) for American football, the National Basketball Association (1946-2003) for basketball, and the four levels of professional football, formerly called the Football League, in England (1888-2003). Problems caused by unbalanced playing schedules are considered. The results are presented graphically to show long-term trends and sudden changes. The highest levels of home advantage for all sports were in their early years of existence. Home advantage in ice hockey, basketball and football in England has declined over the last two decades. In baseball there has been very little change over the last 100 years, with home advantage consistently lower than in other sports. There was a large drop in home advantage in football in England following the 7-year suspension of the league during the Second World War. The trends and changes provide some evidence that travel and familiarity contribute to home advantage, but little in support of crowd effects. 相似文献
6.
The present study examined the relationship between aggression and game location in rugby league. We videotaped a random sample of 21 professional rugby league games played in the 2000 Super League season. Trained observers recorded the frequency of aggressive behaviours. Consistent with previous research, which used territoriality theories as a basis for prediction, we hypothesized that the home team would behave more aggressively than the away team. The results showed no significant difference in the frequency of aggressive behaviours exhibited by the home and away teams. However, the away teams engaged in substantially more aggressive behaviours in games they lost compared with games they won. No significant differences in the pattern of aggressive behaviours for home and away teams emerged as a function of game time (i.e. first or second half) or game situation (i.e. when teams were winning, losing or drawing). The findings suggest that while home and away teams do not display different levels of aggression, the cost of behaving aggressively (in terms of game outcome) may be greater for the away team. 相似文献
7.
Home advantage is quantitatively defined and calculated for each season since the start of the main professional sports in North America and England. Over 400,000 games are analysed. The leagues represented are the National League (1876?–?2002) and American League (1901?–?2002) for baseball, the National Hockey League (1917?–?2003) for ice hockey, the National Football League (1933?–?2002) for American football, the National Basketball Association (1946?–?2003) for basketball, and the four levels of professional football, formerly called the Football League, in England (1888?–?2003). Problems caused by unbalanced playing schedules are considered. The results are presented graphically to show long-term trends and sudden changes. The highest levels of home advantage for all sports were in their early years of existence. Home advantage in ice hockey, basketball and football in England has declined over the last two decades. In baseball there has been very little change over the last 100 years, with home advantage consistently lower than in other sports. There was a large drop in home advantage in football in England following the 7-year suspension of the league during the Second World War. The trends and changes provide some evidence that travel and familiarity contribute to home advantage, but little in support of crowd effects. 相似文献
8.
Determinants of possession of the ball in soccer 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In research on the importance of the possession of the ball in soccer, little attention has been paid to its determinants. Using data from 170 matches of the 2003 - 2004 Spanish Soccer League, we explain why differences in the possession of the ball among teams are so great. In particular, four variables are examined: evolving match status (i.e. whether the team is winning, losing or drawing), venue (i.e. playing at home or away), and the identities of the team and the opponent in each match. Results of linear regression analysis show that these four variables are statistically significant and together explain most of the variance in possession. In short, home teams have more possession than away teams, teams have more possession when they are losing matches than when winning or drawing, and the identity of the opponent matters - the worse the opponent, the greater the possession of the ball. Combinations of these variables could be used to develop a model that predicts possession in soccer. 相似文献
9.
In soccer, home teams win about 67% of decided games. The causes for this home advantage are still unresolved. There is a shortage of research on the psychological states of actors involved. In this study, we examined soccer coaches’ expectations, goal setting and tactical decisions in relation to game location. Soccer coaches (N = 297) with different expertise levels participated in an experimental, online management game and were randomly assigned to one of two groups, “home game (HG)” or “away game.” Participants received information on the game for which they were asked to make decisions in multiple points. The only differing information between groups was game location. Regardless of expertise, HG coaches had higher expectations to win, set more challenging goals and decided for more offensive and courageous playing tactics. Possible consequences of these findings concerning home advantage in soccer are discussed. 相似文献
10.
When "where" is more important than "when": birthplace and birthdate effects on the achievement of sporting expertise 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
In this study, we assessed whether contextual factors related to where or when an athlete is born influence their likelihood of playing professional sport. The birthplace and birth month of all American players in the National Hockey League, National Basketball Association, Major League Baseball, and Professional Golfer's Association, and all Canadian players in the National Hockey League were collected from official websites. Monte Carlo simulations were used to verify if the birthplace of these professional athletes deviated in any systematic way from the official census population distribution, and chi-square analyses were conducted to determine whether the players' birth months were evenly distributed throughout the year. Results showed a birthplace bias towards smaller cities, with professional athletes being over-represented in cities of less than 500,000 and under-represented in cities of 500,000 and over. A birth month/relative age effect (in the form of a distinct bias towards elite athletes being relatively older than their peers) was found for hockey and baseball but not for basketball and golf. Comparative analyses suggested that contextual factors associated with place of birth contribute more influentially to the achievement of an elite level of sport performance than does relative age and that these factors are essentially independent in their influences on expertise development. 相似文献
11.
A home field advantage is given when the home team wins more than half of the games under home conditions. For team sports, this advantage has been well-established in many studies. The present study examines the home field advantage for individual sports on the example of table tennis. Therefore, all games of the men’s first German National League of table tennis (n?=?406) were analyzed for the seasons 2008/2009 to 2012/2013. There was a home field advantage of 51.48?%. A more specific measure for the home field advantage is to look at single games (“best-of-five” modus), where the home teams won more games (2.01 per competition) than the away teams (1.95 per competition). Both results were statistically not significant. A statistically significant correlation between the size of the home field advantage and the number of spectators was found, as well as an advantage by competition rules of the home team in the opening game, whereas the travel distances of the away teams did not affect the results. Accordingly, the home field advantage is less pronounced in individual sports than in team sports. The player’s performance, however, is positively influenced by the social support of home spectators and the specific competition rules. 相似文献
12.
Jo Halpin 《Sport in History》2017,37(2):146-163
ABSTRACTThe Lancashire and Cheshire Ladies Hockey League (LHL) was formed in 1910, ‘by way of dissenting from the policy of the All England Women’s Hockey Association [AEWHA]’, which disapproved of playing for championships or trophies.2 Similar league competitions – set up and largely run by men – quickly followed in cities and towns across the North and Midlands, providing women with regular Saturday afternoon fixtures, as well as knockout cup games. After failing to find satisfactory accommodation within the AEWHA, several leagues broke away to form an alternative governing body, the English Ladies Hockey Leagues Association (ELHLA), which remained in existence until 1960. As well as organising inter-league games and cup competitions, the ELHLA selected England representative teams. With a focus on class and gender, this article – for the first time – will examine the AEWHA’s evolving attitude towards leagues from 1910 to the start of the Second World War, and the types of teams that populated these early competitions. It will also explore the conditions that gave rise to the ELHLA and the impact this organisation had on the authority of the AEWHA before 1939. 相似文献
13.
Abstract In research on the importance of the possession of the ball in soccer, little attention has been paid to its determinants. Using data from 170 matches of the 2003 – 2004 Spanish Soccer League, we explain why differences in the possession of the ball among teams are so great. In particular, four variables are examined: evolving match status (i.e. whether the team is winning, losing or drawing), venue (i.e. playing at home or away), and the identities of the team and the opponent in each match. Results of linear regression analysis show that these four variables are statistically significant and together explain most of the variance in possession. In short, home teams have more possession than away teams, teams have more possession when they are losing matches than when winning or drawing, and the identity of the opponent matters – the worse the opponent, the greater the possession of the ball. Combinations of these variables could be used to develop a model that predicts possession in soccer. 相似文献
14.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(2):116-122
AbstractHome advantage as it relates to team performance at football was examined in Superleague Greece using nine seasons of game-by-game performance data, a total of 2160 matches. After adjusting for team ability and annual fluctuations in home advantage, there were significant differences between teams. Previous findings regarding the role of territorial protection were strengthened by the fact that home advantage was above average for the team from Xanthi (P =0.015), while lower for teams from the capital city Athens (P =0.008). There were differences between home and away teams in the incidence of most of the 13 within-game match variables, but associated effect sizes were only moderate. In contrast, outcome ratios derived from these variables, and measuring shot success, had negligible effect sizes. This supported a previous finding that home and away teams differed in the incidence of on-the-ball behaviours, but not in their outcomes. By far the most important predictor of home advantage, as measured by goal difference, was the difference between home and away teams in terms of kicked shots from inside the penalty area. Other types of shots had little effect on the final score. The absence of a running track between spectators and the playing field was also a significant predictor of goal difference, worth an average of 0.102 goals per game to the home team. Travel distance did not affect home advantage. 相似文献
15.
齐爽 《体育成人教育学刊》2012,28(1):80-82
采用录像观察与数理统计等研究方法,对2010—2011年全国女子排球甲A联赛中天津队和广东恒大队的技战术进行分析。解析代表当今中国女排联赛最高水平球队的技战术打法,并在此基础上揭示我国甲A女排队伍技战术的发展走向,旨在为新一届中国女排尽快形成自己独特实用的技战术风格提供参考。 相似文献
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采用文献资料法、录像观察法和数理统计法对2012赛季中超联赛前四名球队所有比赛的进攻、防守等数据,进行统计对比分析。研究结果表明每支球队各有各的风格,各项进攻和防守数据反映了各支球队的风格和打法;广州恒大和北京国安比较注重控球率,善于把握比赛的节奏,通过中前场的传递循序渐进地寻求进攻机会,高效的进攻和突破形成了很多前场任意球的机会;江苏舜天和贵州人和比较注重从整体稳固防守中积极运用快速反击打法,在快速的反击中寻求破门的机会,良好的下底传中意识和头球技术也给两队的胜利奠定了基础。 相似文献
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以2014—2015赛季CBA联赛20支球队为研究样本，对共406场比赛的17项技术指标进行统计分析，探讨CBA联赛总冠军北京队的攻防实力及特征。结果显示：（1)在球员年龄与身体形态方面，北京队球员的平均年龄（28.3岁）大于CBA前八强球队球员（2.7岁），且北京队球员在平均身高（1.989 m）、平均体重（97.3 kg）方面也略占有优势；（2）在整个赛季中，北京队获胜总场数为37场（主场24，客场13场），总负场数14场（主场1，客场13场），可见北京队拥有极好的主场优势；3）通过Pearson相关分析，与北京队得分存在（高度）线性相关关系的技术指标有3分命中率、总篮板、助攻、快攻等8项。结论：北京队球员拥有较大的平均年龄，这意味着他们部分球员有更多的训练时间和参赛经历，在身体形态方面北京队也有略微优势。此外，对主场优势的充分把握、较多的3分投射次数及较高的命中率、对篮板球冲抢、助攻、快攻及对失误的控制是北京队攻防实力的主要体现。 相似文献
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David J. Hancock Diane M. Ste-Marie Bradley W. Young 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(1):126-130
Relative age effects (RAEs; when relatively older children possess participation and performance advantages over relatively younger children) are frequent in male team sports. One possible explanation is that coaches select players based on physical attributes, which are more likely witnessed in relatively older athletes. Purpose: To determine if coach selections are responsible for RAEs by comparing RAEs in male players who played competitive versus noncompetitive ice hockey. Method: Using chi-square, we analyzed the birth dates of 147,991 male ice hockey players who were 5 to 17 years old. Players' birth dates were divided into four quartiles, beginning with January to March, which coincides with Hockey Canada's selection year. Results: There were strong RAEs (p < .001) when players were selected to competitive teams by coaches through a tryout system. On noncompetitive teams that did not have coach selections, there were strong RAEs (p < .001) from 5 to 8 years old, but not 9 to 17 years old. Conclusions: Although coaches might perpetuate RAEs, other influential social agents might include parents, which ought to be investigated in future research. 相似文献