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章成斌 《武汉体育学院学报》2013,47(1):62-64,69
为了比较体育项目运动学参数测量系统的不同特点,该文对体育中常用的运动参数测量系统的原理进行了概述,分析了运动图像解析系统和光电运动检测系统各软件的特点。研究发现,各种运动参数测量系统有的向着高精度方向发展,满足科研人员对软件的要求;有的则向着普及化、智能化发展,对使用者要求较低。另外,软件兼容性也不断扩大。但目前软件的使用效率并不高,真正服务于日常运动技术分析的软件并不多。该研究期望为我国科研人员、教练员选择适合的运动参数测量系统提供参考。 相似文献
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本文介绍了一种利用DPGS数据来测量高压输电线路弧垂方法,首先介绍了DGPS的原理,再次介绍了目前弧垂的几种测量方式,再次给出了利用DGPS测量弧垂的总体方案,并采用DPGS的载波相位差分方法和弧垂测量的中点高度法进行了实际验证.结果表明各项指标满足要求. 相似文献
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为了保护青少年的视力和防治近视,本文设计了一台智能学生坐姿矫正仪,该装置是基于单片机的超声波测距系统,其基本原理是通过测量人眼和书本的距离的方法,起到及时提醒学生注意眼睛和书本距离的问题. 相似文献
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以青年田径运动员足型研究为背景,基于足部扫描仪输出的三维足部点云数据,设计和实现足型参数自动测量软件系统.系统定义了12个测点和18个测量参数,给出了无标记点的测点自动识别方法和足型参数自动测量的方法,其中,围度和面积测量采用基于平面散乱点集的区间B样条拟合方法.系统具有可扩展性和易用性等特点,实现了足型参数的全自动测量.同时,允许用户对测点位置进行交互调整,提供了自定义测点和测量参数的功能.实验结果说明,该测量方法在自动识别率和准确率上都已经能够满足足部测量的需要,并且具有较强的鲁棒性,已成功应用于田径运动员的足型参数测量. 相似文献
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GPS即全球定位系统,它是近些年才发展起来的测绘新技术,随着科学技术的发展,GPS定位技术越来越成熟,并且逐步应用到测绘的很多领域,其在工程测绘中的应用也得到了很快地发展。这是因为GPS有着很多传统测绘技术没有的优势,其全天候、高精度、操作简便的优势在工程测绘当中发挥着重要作用。以GPS测量技术为例,介绍了GPS测量技术的优点,论述了GPS测量技术的广泛应用,同时对GPS在工程测量中的问题及对策进行了重点阐述,以期提高测量效果。 相似文献
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本文介绍了全站仪测量系统在天线表面精度测量中的应用,以Leica TS30全站仪测量系统为例详细介绍了测量实施方案和数据处理方法,总结了全站仪测量系统用于天线测量的优点。 相似文献
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本文首先简述了在桥梁施工放样中工程测量的概述,结合桥梁测量工作的基本要求,对工程测量进行了综合评价,并介绍了工程测量在桥梁施工放样中的应用。 相似文献
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本文以89C55单片机实现渡越时间测量算法,采取温度补偿措施并结合软件编程的算法科学合理的补偿测量误差,完成高精度测距系统设计. 相似文献
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This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue. 相似文献
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Roy J. Shephard 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):603-620
The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae. 相似文献
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许良 《体育科技文献通报》2011,19(2):1-4
基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。 相似文献
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采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求. 相似文献
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Alan M. Nevill Roger L. Holder Andrew Bardsley Helen Calvert Stephen Jones 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):437-443
A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer. 相似文献
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曲爱宁 《体育科技文献通报》2007,15(8):97-98
柔韧素质是健美操专业学生的专项素质之一,通过对普通高校健美操专业学生分组对照进行柔韧性训练的实验研究,认为对训练肌群辅以按摩器振颤刺激,可大大提高柔韧性训练效果。 相似文献
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我国城市体育自然环境建设与发展的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用实地调查研究、理性思维研究和文献资料调研等方法对主要问题进行了专门研究，提出了进行城市体育场所区域生态功能区划、设计体育生态功能区布局的方案、做好体育场所绿色环境系统规划、制定体育场所生态与绿地管理措施等基本观点，提出了若干城市体育自然环境建设与发展的对策。 相似文献
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重新认识体育的社会关联 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。 相似文献