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本文简要介绍了口吃的几种理论模型,包括言语错误侦察模型和内隐修复假设、要求和能力模型、口吃的神经心理语言学功能理论、言语运动控制失调假设和口吃的时间压力假设,并综述了口吃的最新研究进展,主要是脑功能成像研究、口吃的基因研究和对儿童口吃者的研究。 相似文献
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口吃俗称结巴,它是口头语言表达中出现的不恰当、不准确停顿和重复的一种语言节律障碍。口吃最早出现的年龄是学前期,二三岁一般是口吃开始发生的年龄,三四岁是口吃的常见期。学前儿童的口吃现象,部分是生理原因所致,更多的则源于心理的因素。对二三岁的幼儿来说,口吃会随着年龄的增长逐渐消失,延续到青春期的不足1％,而且多是生理因素所致。但4-7岁的儿童发生了口吃,就不仅是 相似文献
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对于口吃发病机制和口吃者言语行为表现的研究,有助于揭示语言和脑的关系,了解言语输出过程,并对口吃矫正治疗具有重要意义。本文从起始音、重音、词类和句法等方面介绍了国外学者在预测口吃发生位置的研究中对于语言因素的分析。希望籍此引起国内口吃治疗者和语言研究者对这一领域的关注。 相似文献
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口吃复发的研究进展述评 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文总结了口吃治疗后的长期效果或复发方面的研究。有数据基础的研究表明,有两种研究复发的方法,第一种方法试图分离复发的预测因素。虽然一些因素有一定的预测作用,如治疗前口吃的严重性,治疗结束时即时的焦虑水平,但是,很少有因素能独立、可靠地预测口吃复发。研究表明,几个因素结合起来能可靠地预测复发。这些因素包括口吃频率、言语速度、人格、控制点、言语方式以及参加抗复发活动等;第二种方法是评定抗复发策略的有效性,抗复发策略具有减少复发危险的潜在价值,具有重要的研究和治疗的意义。 相似文献
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《启蒙(3-7岁)》2003,(5)
问:我的孩子3岁时,突然口吃,不知是什么原因,该如何矫治? 答:口吃俗称“结巴”或“磕巴”,是2～5岁儿童常见的功能性语言障碍。随着小儿发育一天天成熟,多数口吃能自然矫正,这种情况称之为“暂时性结巴”所以,出现这种情况家长不必过度紧张。但必须注意消除儿童周围环境中可能诱发口吃的各种因素。诱发口吃的因素都有什么呢? 首先,从幼儿发育特点分析。两三岁,是口头语言发育最快时期,此时幼儿正处在学说话的敏感期;但是,口语发展与大肌肉的运动能力相比,略微滞后,能说出的词不够丰富。当孩子已经会跑、会跳,扩大了接 相似文献
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本研究报告采取问卷调查法、访谈法等研究方法,以湖南省长沙县、邵阳县、古丈县农村幼儿教师为对象,对湖南省农村幼儿教师继续教育现状进行描述分析。通过调查研究发现,农村幼儿教师待遇低、身份不明,专业化远远不够。同时,湖南省农村幼儿教师继续教育又存在种种突出的问题。关注农村幼儿教师生存状态,采取有效的措施促进农村幼儿教师的专业成长,是当前提升农村幼儿教育质量的必要前提。 相似文献
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Marit Alvestad 《International Journal of Early Years Education》2004,12(2):83-97
Norway recently adopted a National Framework Plan for Preschools. In this study, the central questions are: what does a Framework Plan for one to five year olds mean to the preschool teachers and their educational work with children? What are preschool teachers' understandings of the concept of learning in their educational planning and practice, and how is this related to the Framework Plan? How do preschool teachers understand the central content and strategies in the Framework Plan and in their own practical work? The results are based on empirical data from in‐depth interviews with eight Norwegian preschool teachers. 相似文献
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Sanja Tatalović Vorkapić Lidija Vujičić 《Early Years: An International Journal of Research and Development》2013,33(1):33-44
Constant changes in a modern world and scientific knowledge from the growing field of Positive Psychology appear to make a previously unheeded contribution to preschool teacher competences. The aim of this study was to explore preschool teachers' opinions concerning the need for positive psychology knowledge and its implementation. A nine-item pool was used on a sample of 49 preschool teachers (mean age 33) enrolled in a graduate programme of early and preschool care and education in Rijeka. Overall, preschool teachers liked this subject very much and thought it was needed very much for their profession at all work levels. Also, they viewed the positive psychology findings as very useful and applicable in their work, and especially in their work with children. Finally, they saw lots of implementation possibilities in Croatian kindergartens. 相似文献
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Pernilla Nilsson 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education》2015,43(4):296-308
An important task for the preschool teacher is to create meaningful learning situations where children have opportunities to experience science. However, many teachers have both weak subject knowledge and a lack of confidence to teach science. The aim of the project presented in this article was to capture how nine preschool teachers developed their learning of and self-confidence in teaching science during a two-year professional development (PD) project while coplanning, coteaching, and coreflecting on their teaching activities. During the project, the preschool teachers’ self-confidence and attitudes played an important role for the their approach to science activities. Their collaborative learning and reflection became important for their PD and for the way science phenomena were included in the preschool context. As such, the project is based on opportunities for preschool teachers to develop their ideas about science and to reframe their work with the aim to stimulate children’s curiosity for science. 相似文献
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为了研究四川省转岗幼儿教师工作满意度现状,文章以四川省转岗幼儿教师为研究对象(大部分来自四川省国培计划成都师范学院项目的培训对象),采用"幼儿教师工作满意度问卷"进行问卷调查,结果显示:城镇幼儿园转岗幼儿教师对幼儿园和领导因子的满意度高于农村幼儿园转岗幼儿教师;私立幼儿园转岗幼儿教师对幼儿园因子满意度高于公立幼儿园转岗幼儿教师;转岗幼儿教师的工作满意度随着工龄的增长而增高;在工资待遇因子上随着年龄的增大满意度越来越低。总的来说,四川省转岗幼儿教师工作满意度未达到很高的满意程度,满意水平在一般满意与比较满意之间,特别是在工资待遇上不是很满意。 相似文献
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Arna H. Jónsdóttir Marianne Coleman 《Early Years: An International Journal of Research and Development》2014,34(3):210-225
In this article, we explore the reality of Icelandic preschool teachers who are, as in most other countries, predominantly female. The gendered nature of the role and the current identity adopted by preschool teachers appear to impact on their perceived status and professionalism. In this process, stakeholders in early childhood education (ECE), as well as the preschool teachers themselves, play important parts. The question that underlies the paper is: ‘How do the views of preschool teachers and stakeholders in ECE affect the preschool teachers’ professional identity?’ The data used to answer the question are from focus group research carried out with preschool teachers and stakeholders in ECE in one community in Iceland. These stakeholders, besides preschool teachers and staff within the preschools, were parents, professionals at the municipal preschool office and politicians. The theoretical perspective informing the methodology of the research was ‘symbolic interactionism’ and the concept of ‘democratic professionalism’ was used as an aspirational framework to analyse the data. The findings reveal connections between the ideology relating to the preschool teachers’ educational role, their limited leadership and the gendered views of stakeholders. At the end of the paper, implications and recommendations for preschool teachers are suggested. 相似文献
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Jacqueline Lynch 《Early Years: An International Journal of Research and Development》2009,29(2):191-203
Beliefs have often been considered important because of their relation to practice. Little is known about the literacy beliefs of preschool teachers, particularly their print literacy beliefs, even though young children's experiences with print have implications for formal schooling. Therefore, this study explored the print literacy beliefs of preschool teachers in a large multicultural area of central Canada. Interviews were conducted with eight preschool teachers based on a previous study in Australia. There were five themes that emerged from this research: uncertainty and variation in beliefs about how and when children learn to read and to write; isolation from other preschools and limited access to professional literacy knowledge; the importance of parent involvement in children's literacy development and the need to inform; increased literacy knowledge required; and variation in practices for fostering print literacy development. This study has important implications for preschool teaching as well as for educators of preschool teachers. 相似文献
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Situated within a cohort of Chinese preschool teachers’ emotional experiences, this study shows that preschool teachers’ emotional labor is characterized by its long duration, high intensity, and diversity in emotional interactions. The findings also reveal three rules governing preschool teachers’ emotional labor, including being adept in emotional control, active use of emotions, and keeping smiling service. In response to these rules, preschool teachers regulate their emotions with four major strategies of disguising, restraining, self-persuading, and releasing. The paper concludes with implications on how preschool teachers’ emotion regulation can be better supported. 相似文献
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由于隔绝于城市和艰难的生活状态，外来务工人员家庭尚未意识到其子女的学前教育需求。外来务工人员在城市居住多呈聚落状态，能不能以非正规形式为这些儿童提供一定的学前教育呢?本文以在北京四环市场创办一个非正规的游戏小组的实践及体验，探讨非正规形式学前教育的可能与意义。 相似文献
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The aim of this exploratory, longitudinal study was to describe an overall picture of how perceptions of the teacher role and attitudes toward science and science teaching develop and interact during preschool teacher education, and how this in turn influences behavior when students are engaged in teaching science. Sixty-five students enrolled in a preschool teacher education program at a Swedish university were followed throughout their teacher education. The study used a phenomenographic approach within a theoretical framework of sociocultural and situated learning perspective. Questionnaires with open and closed questions were combined with interviews. The results show that in spite of growing competence and confidence, many of the students still found science activities to be awkward in preschool, mainly due to a wish to protect the children from school culture. The results have implications for teacher education and the preschool community, showing a need to problematize the purpose of teaching science in preschool and the meaning of pedagogical content knowledge in this context. 相似文献