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1.
How does the collaboration network of researchers coalesce around a scientific topic? What sort of social restructuring occurs as a new field develops? Previous empirical explorations of these questions have examined the evolution of co-authorship networks associated with several fields of science, each noting a characteristic shift in network structure as fields develop. Historically, however, such studies have tended to rely on manually annotated datasets and therefore only consider a handful of disciplines, calling into question the universality of the observed structural signature. To overcome this limitation and test the robustness of this phenomenon, we use a comprehensive dataset of over 189,000 scientific articles and develop a framework for partitioning articles and their authors into coherent, semantically related groups representing scientific fields of varying size and specificity. We then use the resulting population of fields to study the structure of evolving co-authorship networks. Consistent with earlier findings, we observe a global topological transition as the co-authorship networks coalesce from a disjointed aggregate into a dense giant connected component that dominates the network. We validate these results using a separate, complimentary corpus of scientific articles, and, overall, we find that the previously reported characteristic structural evolution of a scientific field's associated co-authorship network is robust across a large number of scientific fields of varying size, scope, and specificity. Additionally, the framework developed in this study may be used in other scientometric contexts in order to extend studies to compare across a larger range of scientific disciplines. 相似文献
2.
In this contribution, we develop a new approach to explore the process of knowledge transition from discovery-oriented science to technological fields, via applications-oriented research, including a mediator set. This trajectory is referred to as the D-A-T trajectory. It is shown how it can be constructed and measures are proposed to characterize the relational strength among different environments (discovery oriented research, applications-oriented research and patents) and the speed of evolution. Our approach is illustrated by a case study of three fundamental restriction enzymes articles. Among other results we found that 387 patents cited 124 of the 988 articles (a share of 12.55%) in the mediator set. Defining the non-patent references (NPR) transition rate as the number of citing patents divided by the number of articles in the mediator set yields a value 0.392. Our results suggest that the D-A-T path acts as a backbone and reveals important “invisible contributions” of an original scientific work during its evolution from discovery oriented research to outside academia. Our contribution provides a useful tool for bridging the existing gap in detecting the transition of knowledge between science and technology. 相似文献
3.
图书情报领域知识发现研究文献内容分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用内容分析方法,对图书情报领域的国内核心期刊与SCIE、SSCI上所载的有关知识发现的研究文献分别进行统计分析,比较国内外该领域研究文献的主题分布情况,得出知识发现在图书情报领域的研究热点和发展趋势。 相似文献
4.
Chaomei Chen Yue Chen Mark Horowitz Haiyan Hou Zeyuan Liu Donald Pellegrino 《Journal of Informetrics》2009,3(3):191-209
We propose an explanatory and computational theory of transformative discoveries in science. The theory is derived from a recurring theme found in a diverse range of scientific change, scientific discovery, and knowledge diffusion theories in philosophy of science, sociology of science, social network analysis, and information science. The theory extends the concept of structural holes from social networks to a broader range of associative networks found in science studies, especially including networks that reflect underlying intellectual structures such as co-citation networks and collaboration networks. The central premise is that connecting otherwise disparate patches of knowledge is a valuable mechanism of creative thinking in general and transformative scientific discovery in particular. In addition, the premise consistently explains the value of connecting people from different disciplinary specialties. The theory not only explains the nature of transformative discoveries in terms of the brokerage mechanism but also characterizes the subsequent diffusion process as optimal information foraging in a problem space. Complementary to epidemiological models of diffusion, foraging-based conceptualizations offer a unified framework for arriving at insightful discoveries and optimizing subsequent pathways of search in a problem space. Structural and temporal properties of potentially high-impact scientific discoveries are derived from the theory to characterize the emergence and evolution of intellectual networks of a field. Two Nobel Prize winning discoveries, the discovery of Helicobacter pylori and gene targeting techniques, and a discovery in string theory demonstrated such properties. Connections to and differences from existing approaches are discussed. The primary value of the theory is that it provides not only a computational model of intellectual growth, but also concrete and constructive explanations of where one may find insightful inspirations for transformative scientific discoveries. 相似文献
5.
美国“图书馆作为公众科学社区中心”项目旨在通过公共图书馆社区锚点的身份扩大公众科学的实践范围、提升公众科学素养,在全美范围内产生了广泛影响,值得我国学习借鉴。本文利用网络调查法对该项目进行研究,分析其实践举措,为我国公共图书馆推动公众科学的发展提供有益借鉴。具体来说,可通过吸引民众参与公众科学项目、开展公众科学项目科研数据管理与共享服务、提升图书馆馆员公众科学服务能力和构建以公共图书馆为枢纽的全国公众科学协作网络等措施,将公共图书馆打造成为公众科学的社区中心,支持公众科学的普及和可持续发展。 相似文献
6.
Scientific collaboration is often perceived as a joint global process that involves researchers worldwide, regardless of their place of work and residence. Globalization of science, in this respect, implies that collaboration among scientists takes place along the lines of common topics and irrespective of the spatial distances between the collaborators. The networks of collaborators, termed ‘epistemic communities’, should thus have a space-independent structure. This paper shows that such a notion of globalized scientific collaboration is not supported by empirical data. It introduces a novel approach of analyzing distance-dependent probabilities of collaboration. The results of the analysis of six distinct scientific fields reveal that intra-country collaboration is about 10–50 times more likely to occur than international collaboration. Moreover, strong dependencies exist between collaboration activity (measured in co-authorships) and spatial distance when confined to national borders. However, the fact that distance becomes irrelevant once collaboration is taken to the international scale suggests a globalized science system that is strongly influenced by the gravity of local science clusters. The similarity of the probability functions of the six science fields analyzed suggests a universal mode of spatial governance that is independent from the mode of knowledge creation in science. 相似文献
7.
《Journal of Informetrics》2020,14(2):101017
In this study, we investigate the extent to which patent citations to papers can serve as early signs for predicting delayed recognized knowledge in science using a comparative study with a control group, i.e., instant recognition papers. We identify the two opposite groups of papers by the Bcp measure, a parameter-free index for identifying papers which were recognized with delay. We provide a macro (Science/Nature papers dataset) and micro (a case chosen from the dataset) evidence on paper-patent citation linkages as early signs for predicting delayed recognized knowledge in science. It appears that papers with delayed recognition show a stronger and longer technical impact than instant recognition papers. We provide indication that in the more recent years papers with delayed recognition are awakened more often and earlier by a patent rather than by a scientific paper (also called “prince”). We also found that patent citations seem to play an important role to avoid instant recognition papers to level off or to become a so called “flash in the pan”, i.e., instant recognition. It also appears that the sleeping beauties may firstly encounter negative citations and then patent citations and finally get widely recognized. In contrast to the two focused fields (biology and chemistry) for instant recognition papers, delayed recognition papers are rather evenly distributed in biology, chemistry, psychology, geology, materials science, and physics. We discovered several pairs of “science sleeping”-“technology inducing”, such as “biology-biotechnology/pharmaceuticals”, “chemistry-chemical engineering”, as well as some trans-fields science-technology interactions, such as “psychology - computer technology/control technology/audio-visual technology”, “physics - computer technology”, and “mathematics-computer technology”. We propose in further research to discover the potential ahead of time and transformative research by using citation delay analysis, patent & NPL analysis, and citation context analysis. 相似文献
8.
GO在生物数据整合中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
GO是基因本体联盟开发的一个合作项目,建立了生物过程、分子功能和细胞组分三个领域的本体。在生物学中,GO已应用于基因功能注释、异构生物序列数据库整合、辅助生物学文献主题检索等各个方面。GO的应用为不同类型数据的知识组织体系整合提供了思路与方法,将有助于生物学研究中两种重要的信息资源——医学文献与科学数据的整合,为科学研究和情报研究提供更广阔的参考信息。 相似文献
9.
Tezeno L. Roberson 《图书馆管理杂志》2015,55(3):192-201
A public librarian's desire to go beyond outdated science fair experiments and bring a fun and challenging science, technology, engineering, and mathematics program to her library's summer reading club led to a successful partnership between the library and a local nonprofit science organization. Together they created a unique “science discovery camp,” now in its third year. The camp introduces middle-school-aged students to basic science concepts, actively engages them in creative experiments, and uses fun competitions to test scientific theories. The author explores the importance of developing community partnerships. 相似文献
10.
《Journal of Informetrics》2023,17(3):101435
How do scientific knowledge and technological knowledge interact to influence patent inventions? This study combines the “Reliance on Science in Patenting” dataset with the PATSTAT database to investigate focal patents and their paper references and patent references. A temporal investigation shows a growing tendency that patents absorb more knowledge from patents than papers. Additionally, we conduct two sets of analyses, namely, studying the knowledge flow among 35 technology fields and 39 science fields and estimating the impact of cited references on patent impact. The results show that the fields are heterogeneous in absorbing scientific knowledge and technological knowledge. The empirical models indicate that the knowledge depth of both science and technology show an inverted U-shaped relationship with patent impact, while the curve of former is steeper. The knowledge breadth of both science and technology present a U-shaped relationship with patent impact, while the curve of latter is steeper. We also explore the impact of time lags and time spread on citations and estimate their joint effects. Our study provides a new understanding of the convergence of scientific knowledge and technological knowledge to facilitate patent inventions. 相似文献
11.
我国图书馆、情报与文献学领域作者合作现状——基于小世界理论的分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文以2002年至2006年五年间CSSCI收录的图书馆、情报与文献学期刊论文作者为数据源,分析了各年作者合作率趋势、期刊作者合作率分布等作者合作特征,总结出该领域作者合作的现状;并建立了作者合作网络,析出了最大连通图,计算出该图的平均路径以及聚类系数,发现该作者合作网络具有小世界效应,为小世界网络.并通过与物理学、生物学以及数学作者合作网络比较,讨论了不同学科之间的作者合作的特征. 相似文献
12.
《Journal of Informetrics》2022,16(4):101322
One of the most useful and correct methodological approaches in bibliometrics is ranking. In the context of highly skewed bibliometric distributions and severe distortions caused by outliers, it is often the preferable way of analysis. Ranking methodology strictly implies that “oranges should be compared with oranges, apples with apples”. We should make a “like with like” comparison. Ranks in different fields show how a unit under study is compared to others in its field. But do we always apply an “apples approach” appropriately? Is median really a 50%, quartile a 25%, 10th percentile a 10%? The paper considers theoretical definitions of such terms compared to their real sense in the course of bibliometric research. It is found that in many empirical cases quartiles are not quarters, medians are not halves, world baselines are not unity, and integer thresholds lead to inequality of performance evaluation in different science fields. 相似文献
13.
科研合作是促进科学生产的一种重要形式,探讨不同机构之间的科研论文合著情况,可以有效把握机构合作的整体现状与特征,有助于提高机构合作的绩效。本研究基于2010-2015 年Web of Science 数据库图书情报学领域期刊发表的论文,构建我国图书情报学领域Top15 高产研究机构的合作网络,综合运用文献合著率、合作多样性、合作稳定度、合作绩效等度量指标,分析了机构合作的主要特征及指标间的相互影响。研究发现：我国图书情报学领域的论文数量总体上呈现增长趋势但论文影响力相对有限,香港地区的科研机构在国际上学术认可度领先于大陆地区的科研机构;科研机构间的合作对象不断拓宽、合作密度不断加强、合作论文产出不断提升成为我国近年来图书情报学领域发展的显著特征;国际化的合作团队、多元的合作对象和稳定的合作关系可以为科研机构带来更多的科研成果产出,提高其学术影响力。 相似文献
14.
大学图书馆现代化指南针报告 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
教育部高等学校图书情报工作指导委员会和北京大学图书馆合作研制《大学图书馆现代化指南针报告》,报告主要采用德尔菲法对34位图书馆学、情报学领域的专家和学者进行了三轮意见征询,集成专家智慧,总结出大学图书馆现代化在核心理念、主要目标、实际问题、理论问题、关键要素和生态关系等方面的发展趋势,为实现大学图书馆内涵式发展、整体发展、高质量发展、科学发展、可持续发展提供方向指引,成为新时代新征程上大学图书馆谋划新思路、推动新发展、构建新格局的“指南针”。 相似文献
15.
The purpose of this paper is to analyse and describe the topological properties of the institutional and national collaboration network from the profiles extracted from Google Scholar Citations (GSC). 19,912 unique profiles with “co-authors” were obtained from a web crawl performed in March 2012. Several statistical and network analysis techniques were used to map and analyse these collaboration relationships at the country and institution level. Results show that The United States dominates the world scientific map and that every research institution is grouped by national, geographical and cultural criteria. A clustering phenomenon based on the self-similarity and fractal properties of scale-free networks is also observed. We conclude that GSC is a suitable tool for collaboration studies only at macro level between countries and institutions. 相似文献
16.
目前我国部分高校已建立科学数据管理服务平台,但科学数据管理的相关服务还存在诸多不足,健全并完善科学数据管理服务平台尤为关键。文章以数据中台为切入点,讨论如何利用数据中台体系全面采集并打通各类数据资源,实现数据资源的安全交互和自主可控,继承并强化原有平台数据收集、存储、管理及共享等服务能力,在此基础上,把握“服务”这一核心要点,优化用户服务方式,增强用户体验感,使得科学数据管理服务平台能更好地分析、处理、管控、治理科学数据,协助进行数据价值的发现。 相似文献
17.
朱婷婷 《大学图书情报学刊》2021,39(1):32-37
基于“双高计划”背景,结合国内外研究,融入冰山模型和高职学生的学习实践活动流程,采用访谈和小样本问卷测试,通过探索性因子分析构建高职学生信息素养能力评价体系,并进行科学性检验与优化。运用主成分分析和差异性分析对高职学生信息素养能力评价体系进行实证研究,最后从国家层面的信息标准化管理与职业教育个性化协同、“三位一体”渐进式培养体系、信息素养教育云环境三个视角提出高职学生信息素养能力提升的对策与建议。 相似文献
18.
《Journal of Informetrics》2023,17(1):101372
Based on complementarity in terms of factors such as skill and knowledge, researchers might build long-term partnerships with one another during their scientific careers. It has been shown that such relationships have a significant positive impact on researchers’ scientific performance. However, the preferential connection mechanism in collaboration networks actually suggests the unequal positions of participants in the process of scientific collaboration. This study argues that this phenomenon is very similar to the symbiosis function in the natural world. Hence, this work provides a novel interpretation of scientific collaboration patterns from the perspective of symbiosis. In more detail, long-term collaboration relationships are investigated based on the scope of an academician dataset with multiple fields and an economic dataset. With the aid of a quantitative metric for symbiosis degree, six meta-patterns of the short-term evolution of symbiosis degree are proposed. Furthermore, by exploring the evolution of meta-patterns, four scientific collaboration patterns are summarized according to the common characteristics as follows: leading growth, continuous leadership, chasing each other, and standing on equal footing. Extensive experimental results on an academician dataset with multiple fields show that the collaboration network evolution of four collaboration patterns is consistent with our summarized characteristics based on symbiosis. This indicates that our symbiosis-based framework can be used to effectively interpret the developmental and evolutionary trajectories of scientific collaboration. 相似文献
19.
《Journal of Informetrics》2022,16(4):101342
Inspired by “sleeping beauties in science”, we proposed that the awakening effect in knowledge diffusion is ubiquitous, whereas the “prince” paper has the strongest effect. To test this hypothesis, a three-layer super-network model depicting the knowledge diffusion trajectory is designed and the diffusion path of the awakening effect (defined on the basis of influential strength) is simulated. In detail, the model is built based on the citation network and collaboration network of 63785 publications in the library and information science domain. Through meta-paths in this super-network, the influential strength of a paper and the awakening effect from neighboring papers can be quantified into 36 numerical features. By testing the effectiveness of these features in citation counts prediction, we try to prove our hypothesis. Thus an effective predictor in machine learning is trained upon these features. Using this predictor, we showed that most neighboring papers in the super-network had effects on future citation counts. The effectiveness of these features is again demonstrated through experiments on papers with different publication years. We also did a case study on papers that were significantly affected by the awakening effect, and found that the model proposed in this paper can also be used to explain some common phenomena in knowledge diffusion. All results show that the awakening effect could be not only ubiquitous but also quantifiable. 相似文献
20.
Mia Ridge 《Curator: The Museum Journal》2013,56(4):435-450
Crowdsourcing, or “obtaining information or services by soliciting input from a large number of people,” is becoming known for the impressive productivity of projects that ask the public to help transcribe, describe, locate, or categorize cultural heritage resources. This essay argues that crowdsourcing projects can also be a powerful platform for audience engagement with museums, offering truly deep and valuable connection with cultural heritage through online collaboration around shared goals or resources. It includes examples of well‐designed crowdsourcing projects that provide platforms for deepening involvement with citizen history and citizen science; useful definitions of “engagement”; and evidence for why some activities help audiences interact with heritage and scientific material. It discusses projects with committed participants and considers the role of communities of participants in engaging participants more deeply. 相似文献