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1.
We propose a backward tracking model for measuring knowledge transfer in the whole translational research spectrum. Using the drugs-patents-papers-grants backward linkages, we try to figure out the funding-science-technology-innovation translational pattern and ponder some policy implications on e.g., which priority areas and knowledge convergence level are more likely to generate new drugs. The drug-patent linkage data was accessed through the USFDA Orange Book, covering a drug's active ingredient, formulation, or methods of use for approved indications. It will take about 10 years from the application of earliest patent to the approval of the new drug. Also such high-value patents in FDA Orange Book tend to cite scientific knowledge published on average 10–15 years ago. The technology linkage of new drugs was relatively stable while the science linkage of technology inventions increased rapidly. Among the scientific papers cited by drug patents, private-institution originated papers are only a quarter of the public. By linking theses scientific papers with funding sources, we found a large majority (90%) are public-funded and only a very small part are private-funded or public-private joint-funded. Our study also indicates the importance of research on such fields as pharmacology, chemistry (including medicinal chemistry, biochemistry, and organic chemistry), molecular biology, neurosciences, and immunology on new drugs innovation. There is no obvious relationship between “basicness” and linkages to the resulting patents’ impact and to drugs innovation. A balanced basic research and applied research maybe essential for fostering drug innovation because it is a complete chain translating from basic discovery to clinical evidence then to clinical practice. In order to achieve successful pharmaceutical innovation, rather than focusing on only technology, convergence with science at moderate levels (maybe 1/3) is suggested. 相似文献
2.
《Journal of Informetrics》2023,17(3):101431
In science-technology research, papers and patents are used to represent science and technology, respectively. Detecting sleeping beauty papers and their princes in technology (patent field) could uncover dynamic knowledge contributions from science (paper field) to technology (patent field). However, previous studies have mainly focused on sleeping beauty in science. Some studies have examined SB patents in technology, but SB papers in patents are rarely studied and need to be further discussed. In addition, knowledge could flow along citations. Thus, if one paper is cited by one patent's reference (indirect citation), it also contributes to the patent, even though the patent does not directly cite it. At the same time, indirect citations are rarely discussed in sleeping beauty studies. This could lead to a loss of significant information. Therefore, to reveal the dynamic knowledge contribution from science to technology considering indirect citations, this study proposed a new method of mining sleeping beauty papers in technology and their princes. The lithium-ion battery domain is selected as a case study. The findings are as follows: (1) Most papers do not contribute knowledge to technology continuously, even when considering indirect citations, and the time-varying knowledge contribution strength changes significantly overtime. (2) The knowledge contribution strength with a time delay of more than 11 years occupies 80% of the total knowledge contribution strength. It is suggested that the window period of paper publication evaluation be extended. (3) 22 sleeping beauty papers in technology are detected. Nine papers are among the top 10 regarding the total knowledge contribution strength. (4) The princes of 9 typical sleeping beauty papers in technology are all papers. This implies that the awakening of these papers in technology was all provoked by scientific development. 相似文献
3.
《Journal of Informetrics》2020,14(4):101074
Demonstrating the practical value of public research has been an important subject in science policy. Here we present a detailed study on the evolution of the citation linkage between life science related patents and biomedical research over a 37-year period. Our analysis relies on a newly-created dataset that systematically links millions of non-patent references to biomedical papers. We find a large disparity in the volume of citations to science among technology sectors, with biotechnology and drug patents dominating it. The linkage has been growing exponentially over a long period of time, doubling every 2.9 years. The U.S. has been the largest producer of cited science for years, receiving nearly half of the citations. More than half of citations goes to universities. We use a new paper-level indicator to quantify to what extent a paper is basic research or clinical medicine. We find that the cited papers are likely to be basic research, yet a significant portion of papers cited in patents that are related to FDA-approved drugs are clinical research. The U.S. National Institute of Health continues to be an important funder of cited science. For the majority of companies, more than half of citations in their patents are authored by public research. Taken together, these results indicate a continuous linkage of public science to private sector inventions. 相似文献
4.
[目的/意义] 论文引用专利的“反向引用”也是科学与技术知识关联的重要体现。针对现有“反向引用”研究的不足,分析中国专利技术对世界科学研究的影响。[方法/过程] 搜集整理中国专利被世界科学论文引用的数据,利用文献计量学方法分析“反向引用”的引用频数、技术关联度、引用时滞及技术循环周期等指标,利用社会网络分析方法构建“反向引用”网络,探讨技术领域到科学领域的知识流动情况。[结果/结论] 中国专利技术对世界科学研究的影响力越来越大。科学与技术的双向互动在化学领域体现的最为明显,化学、工程、材料科学三个学科领域较多地吸收了专利知识,技术关联度较高。前1-4年的技术对当前科学影响最大,中国专利被科学文献引用的循环周期较短,平均为4.69年。 相似文献
5.
文献综合集成模式下领域知识发现流程研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的/意义] 面向多学科开展领域知识发现流程的研究,在丰富领域数据知识发现方面具有探索和开创性意义--不仅将促进学科间的融合,拓宽图书馆学与情报学的学科视野,同时对推动学科研究方法的创新,解决不同学科信息服务的实际问题将提供新思路。[方法/过程] 通过对现有基于文献的知识发现相关研究的评述,基于Meta分析法,构建异质领域异构信息源本体模式,结合领域数字资源的实际状况,提出一种基于文献综合集成的领域知识发现方法,并将其命名为异构信息源文献综合集成模式,分析该模式的流程及其特色。[结果/结论] 进一步探索领域知识发现的途径和方法,促进领域知识服务,设计完善的领域知识发现流程是拓展图书情报领域传统文献处理方式,推进图书情报工作演化的重要环节。面向知识服务的文献综合集成具有一定的应用前景,通过探索领域知识发现流程,进一步拓展图书情报领域传统文献处理、推进图书情报演化。 相似文献
6.
This study attempts to model the growth behavior of the number of publications and patents of South Korea, Taiwan, Japan and Malaysia. Three competing growth functions, namely, simple logistic growth function, bi-logistic growth function and logistic function within a dynamic carrying capacity were considered. The findings provide insight to the diffusion process of science and technology, often measured by the number of publications and patents, respectively. The function that provides the best fit to the observed data was opted for explaining the diffusion process. The function with the best fit is the bi-logistic growth function for the number of publications as well as the number of patents of South Korea and Taiwan, the logistic growth function within a dynamic carrying capacity (LGDCC) for the number of publications and the bi-logistic growth function for the number of patents of Japan, and the LGDCC for the number of publications and simple growth function for the number of patents of Malaysia. The results suggest a dynamic self-propagating growth for the science and technology, and thereby a transition from science and technology-push to market-pull growth for South Korea and Taiwan. While a similar transition was observed for the technology of Japan, the growth in science had entered a maturity stage. On the other hand, the growth potential in science is dynamic for Malaysia, but its technological advancement is relatively lower and static compared to the other economies. 相似文献
7.
国际学术合作能够提高科研效率,推动知识创新,探讨国际合著论文中的国家贡献度,对反映国家领域影响力,提升国际合作态势具有重要意义。从数值和内容两个层面构建国际合著国家学术贡献度分析模型,以中国作为重点研究对象,以Web of Science为数据来源,通过构建国际合著网络,结合学术贡献度计算公式,分析近十年中国在Information Science&Library Science(图书情报学,以下简称ISLS)领域的学术贡献度,并以知识图谱的方式揭示中国学术参与主题的演化。结果表明:在数值方面,第一阶段中国学术贡献度较小,但第二阶段持续发力,成为国际合作中的后起之秀,学术贡献度仅次于美国;在内容方面,经历了从理论研究到技术创新的演进,参与的学术主题呈多元化和深入化趋势。 相似文献
8.
The adoption of e-governing practices has revolutionised the administrative machinery of governments worldwide by improving efficiency, transparency, and accountability. Researchers and administrators often aim to identify emerging research fronts and the timeline of the evolution to forecast and implement technology. In this work, we systematically investigate the trajectory of the global evolution and emerging research fronts as well as the prospects for e-governance using citation network analysis. The growth curve fitted to the number of articles published per year shows that the research activities are still in the ascendant phase. We visualise the global main path of the citation network and investigate the patterns to trace the knowledge diffusion path, major milestones, and emerging research fronts. The cluster analysis identifies the major topics of research as administration and information system management, e-governance framework design, efficiency or quality evaluation, and the application of social networks and open data leading to e-democracy. The adoption of open data and social networking for user interactions with government that leads to participatory governance are the emerging research trends. We also identify research that can have a future impact based on network parameters. The results contribute to the literature by setting the focus of future research, and assisting administrators in selecting suitable models and methodologies, and manufacturers with the development of required technical devices suitable for the upcoming phase of symbiosis. 相似文献
9.
[目的/意义]梳理LIS领域学科知识的发展脉络,追踪、预测学科研究热点和增长点。[研究设计/方法]基于LIS领域国外和国内核心期刊数据,使用TP-JIF模型计算学科主题的热度并衡量学科主题的状态,对LIS领域国内外研究热点和学科增长点进行演化分析;使用TPP-LSTM学科主题预测模型,对LIS领域国内外的研究热点和增长点进行预测。[结论/发现]国内外LIS领域研究热点的体量和侧重点具有较大差异,国外研究热点聚焦在社交媒体、电子病历、知识管理、文献计量、机器学习、替代计量等方面,而国内聚焦在图书馆学类、大数据、知识服务、数字人文、人工智能等方面。数据科学可能是LIS领域国内外最具潜力的增长点,医疗健康、人工智能、科研评价指标与体系、数据素养以及数据管理等研究也有望快速增长。[创新/价值]从研究热点和学科增长点两个方面揭示了国内外LIS学科之间的差异,并对研究热点和学科增长点进行了预测,为学科未来规划提供参考。 相似文献
10.
文章首先从《2019年图书情报与档案管理青年学者沙龙学术共同体倡议》《新时代图书馆学教育行动倡议》分析当前我国图书馆学界的集体焦虑现象;然后以“图书馆学学科发展报告”“中国图书馆学学科史”的理论成果为基础,基于库恩关于学科发展的理论展开分析,发现我国仍然处于经验图书馆学时期,相关研究以社会热点为主,主要研究问题来自学科外部而不是学科内部。文章认为,图书馆学研究对象是发展的,不能简单地认为图书馆学的研究对象就是图书馆;图书馆学本质上是关于“知识对象”描述、序化与发现的科学;图书馆学的未来发展应该以知识为中心、以知识管理为轴心、以知识服务为重心,构建图书馆学理论体系。 相似文献
11.
《Journal of Informetrics》2023,17(3):101435
How do scientific knowledge and technological knowledge interact to influence patent inventions? This study combines the “Reliance on Science in Patenting” dataset with the PATSTAT database to investigate focal patents and their paper references and patent references. A temporal investigation shows a growing tendency that patents absorb more knowledge from patents than papers. Additionally, we conduct two sets of analyses, namely, studying the knowledge flow among 35 technology fields and 39 science fields and estimating the impact of cited references on patent impact. The results show that the fields are heterogeneous in absorbing scientific knowledge and technological knowledge. The empirical models indicate that the knowledge depth of both science and technology show an inverted U-shaped relationship with patent impact, while the curve of former is steeper. The knowledge breadth of both science and technology present a U-shaped relationship with patent impact, while the curve of latter is steeper. We also explore the impact of time lags and time spread on citations and estimate their joint effects. Our study provides a new understanding of the convergence of scientific knowledge and technological knowledge to facilitate patent inventions. 相似文献
12.
国内外颠覆性技术发现方法研究综述 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
[目的/意义] 对国内外颠覆性技术发现方法进行系统梳理,分析存在问题,提出未来研究方向,为今后颠覆性技术识别方法的研究奠定基础。[方法/过程] 在辨析颠覆性技术与相关技术概念的基础上,分析总结目前各种颠覆性技术发现方法及优缺点,并整理归纳各方法所依据的主要评判思想和指标。[结果/结论] 现有的颠覆性技术发现方法主要是基于技术管理与应用角度的主观分析,基于专利或科学论文统计分析的客观性探测研究也开始少量出现,但均处于待发展阶段,仍然存在许多不足之处;颠覆性技术发现方法未来研究方向应该是利用情报学理论方法,基于专利与论文两者相结合的数据源,从客观性角度建立颠覆性技术识别的合理、适用的指标体系,提升技术发现的准确性和有效性。 相似文献
13.
[目的/意义]回顾图情档学科五年内的研究进展,有助于掌握本领域知识域的结构与演变。[方法/过程]使用文献计量法,对近5年图情档学科领域的20种中文期刊文献,从发文总量、高被引论文、学术影响力、研究热点及研究趋势预测等角度进行计量研究。[结果/结论]研究发现中文期刊发文量逐年下降,外文论文发文量年度占比逐年增长,领域内研究逐渐与国际接轨;学科领域持续跟进基础理论研究和实践创新研究,对数据研究、数字人文也保持着高度关注;处于数字与数据化的环境中,图情档学科领域亟待完成学科体系与能力的重构,趋向于数据科学和大数据方向;领域研究更加关注用户体验和信息资源共建共享。 相似文献
14.
从文献计量的角度,分析科技查新的研究现状。通过获取核心期刊为来源的相关文献作为样本,对其年
代、机构、作者、关键词分别进行计量与共现分析。研究结果发现：相关研究论文数量有所回落;合作发表的论文较
少且相对封闭;研究主题主要集中在查新报告质量、查新机构现状、创新服务模式等。最后针对存在的问题提出相应
的对策和建议。 相似文献
15.
《Journal of Informetrics》2022,16(2):101253
Changes in the number of publications in a certain field might reflect the dynamic of scientific progress in this field, since an increase in the number of publications can be interpreted as an increase in the field-specific knowledge. In this paper, we present a methodological approach to analyse the dynamics of science on lower aggregation levels, i.e., the level of research fields. Our trend analysis approach is able to uncover very recent trends, and the methods used to study the trends are simple to understand for the possible recipients of the results. In order to demonstrate the trend analysis approach, we focused in this study on the annual number of publications (including patents) in chemistry (and related areas) between 2014 and 2020 identifying those fields in chemistry with the highest dynamics (largest rates of change in publication counts). The study is based on the mono-disciplinary literature database CAplus. Our results reveal that the number of publications in the CAplus database is increasing since many years. Research regarding optical phenomena and electrochemical technologies was found to be among the emerging topics in recent years. 相似文献
16.
We apply the knowledge discovery process to the mapping of current topics in a particular field of science. We are interested in how articles form clusters and what are the contents of the found clusters. A framework involving web scraping, keyword extraction, dimensionality reduction and clustering using the diffusion map algorithm is presented. We use publicly available information about articles in high-impact journals. The method should be of use to practitioners or scientists who want to overview recent research in a field of science. As a case study, we map the topics in data mining literature in the year 2011. 相似文献
17.
Forward citations of patents have been used extensively to capture the impact of technological knowledge. However, our understanding of the factors shaping patent citation patterns remains limited. One of the main limitations is the lack of scholarly attention paid to the dynamic influences arising from the evolution of technology fields. From an evolutionary perspective, technological impact is not simply determined by the static attributes of a technology itself; it is also dynamically affected by changes in the external conditions. Drawing on this viewpoint, this study suggests a model for understanding patent citation patterns by reflecting the evolution of the technology fields to which each patent belongs. Four such factors are explored: technology cycle time, potential of technological convergence, popularity of the technology field, and technological novelty. Based on the proposed model, we show how expected citation patterns can change as a result of different scenarios for technology field evolution. We conduct a case study of patents in the information technology and healthcare industries to show citation patterns of patents across heterogeneous industries as well as those within an industry. Contributions to the innovation literature and research investment decisions are discussed. 相似文献
18.
19.
Under the National Innovation System (NIS) framework, knowledge stock has been recognized as a key factor for enhancing national innovative capabilities. However, despite the importance of patents and papers for measuring knowledge, previous research has not fully utilized patent and paper databases, and has instead relied on research and development (R&D) data. Therefore, in this research, I introduce a way to utilize both types of useful data when measuring industrial knowledge stocks. As primary data sources, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) Web site for patents and the science citation index (SCI) for papers are used. In the case of Korea, the amount of knowledge stock proxied by patents and papers is different from that proxied by R&D, which indicates in turn that using a single indicator such as R&D may be misleading. Although the result may vary depending on the selected nation, the proposed method will be useful for gauging knowledge stocks in a more complementary way. 相似文献
20.
We analyze the advent and development of eight scientific fields from their inception to maturity and map the evolution of their networks of collaboration over time, measured in terms of co-authorship of scientific papers. We show that as a field develops it undergoes a topological transition in its collaboration structure between a small disconnected graph to a much larger network where a giant connected component of collaboration appears. As a result, the number of edges and nodes in the largest component undergoes a transition between a small fraction of the total to a majority of all occurrences. These results relate to many qualitative observations of the evolution of technology and discussions of the “structure of scientific revolutions”. We analyze this qualitative change in network topology in terms of several quantitative graph theoretical measures, such as density, diameter, and relative size of the network's largest component.To analyze examples of scientific discovery we built databases of scientific publications based on keyword and citation searches, for eight fields, spanning experimental and theoretical science, across areas as diverse as physics, biomedical sciences, and materials science. Each of the databases was vetted by field experts and is the result of a bibliometric search constructed to maximize coverage, while minimizing the occurrence of spurious records. In this way we built databases of publications and authors for superstring theory, cosmic strings and other topological defects, cosmological inflation, carbon nanotubes, quantum computing and computation, prions and scrapie, and H5N1 influenza. We also built a database for a classical example of “pathological” science, namely cold fusion. All these fields also vary in size and in their temporal patterns of development, with some showing explosive growth from an original identifiable discovery (e.g. carbon nanotubes) while others are characterized by a slow process of development (e.g. quantum computers and computation).We show that regardless of the detailed nature of their developmental paths, the process of scientific discovery and the rearrangement of the collaboration structure of emergent fields is characterized by a number of universal features, suggesting that the process of discovery and initial formation of a scientific field, characterized by the moments of discovery, invention and subsequent transition into “normal science” may be understood in general terms, as a process of cognitive and social unification out of many initially separate efforts. Pathological fields, seemingly, never undergo this transition, despite hundreds of publications and the involvement of many authors. 相似文献