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1.
用于乙醇-水分离的SA-PVA/PSF中空纤维渗透汽化复合膜 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Using polysulfone (PSF) hollow fiber ultrafiltration membranes as the substrate, sodium alginate (SA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) blend solutions as the coating solution, and maleic anhydride (MAC) as the cross-linked agent, SAPVA/PSF hollow fiber composite membranes were prepared for the dehydration of ethanol-water. The effects of different sodium alginate concentration in the coating solutions and different operating temperatures on pervaporation performance were investigated. The experimental results showed that pervaporation performance of the SA-PVA/PSF composite membranes for ethanol-water solution exhibited a high separation factor although they had a relatively low permeation flux. As SA concentration in SA-PVA coating solution was 66.7% and the operating temperature was 40 ℃, SA-PVA/PSF hollow fiber composite membrane (PS4) had a separation factor of 886 and flux of 12.6 g/(m2·h). Besides, SA-PVA/PSF hollow fiber composite membranes (PS3 and PS4) were used for the investigation of the effect of ethanol concentration in the feed solution on pervaporation performance. 相似文献
2.
The retention of sulfamethoxazole （SMZ） by nanofiltration （NF） membranes is strongly influenced by the pH value of the solution. The retention of SMZ reaches its peak value when the solution pH rises above its PKa2 value as the compound transforms into a negatively charged species. Charge repulsion is the main mechanism involved in SMZ removal by NF membranes. In this study, the removal of SMZ by NF membranes, as a function of solution chemistry, was examined at pH 8.9 to investigate the effect of solution conditions on charge repulsion. The results show that the retention of negatively charged SMZ is relatively independent of SMZ concentration, and an increase in the ionic strength of the solution causes a relatively small reduction in retention. A small effect of humic acid （HA） on SMZ retention was noticed at pH 8.9, which can be explained by a small but insignificant improvement in the zeta potential of the membrane caused by HA at high pH values. However, it was found that SMZ concentration in the feed decreased significantly in solutions containing tannic acid （TA）. The Adams-Bohart model was applied to our experimental data and was found to be suitable for describing the initial part of the breakthrough curves. The adsorptive parameters of the membrane were determined. 相似文献
3.
Nanosized photocatalyst ZnS particles supported on silica and polyvinyl alcohol was successfully prepared by complex transformation method. The photocatalytic reduction of CO2 was carried out in the presence of nanosized ZnS catalyst irradiated by a high-pressure mercury-vapor lamp to give the main products of formaldehyde and ethanol. The catalytic ability of ZnS characterized by the uptaken rate of CO2P volume in the reaction system depended upon the preparing conditions of nanosized ZnS catalysts. Decreasing the concentration of Na2S and increasing the molar ratio of oxygen in the PVA to Zn2 could result in the decreasing of the size of ZnS parti- 相似文献
4.
TiO2 fibers were prepared via alternatively introducing water vapor and Ti precursor carried by N2 to an APCVD （chemical vapor deposition under atmospheric pressure） reactor at ≤200 ℃. Activated carbon fibers （ACFs） were used as templates for deposition and later removed by calcinations. The obtained catalysts were characterized by scanning electron micros- copy （SEM）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, Brunauer, Emmett and Teller （BET） and X-ray diffraction （XRD） analysis The pores within TiO2 fibers included micro-range and meso-range, e.g., 7 nm, and the specific surface areas for TiO2 fibers were 141 m^2/g and 148 m^2/g for samples deposited at 100 ℃ and 200℃ （using ACFI700 as template）, respectively. The deposition temperature significantly influenced TiO2 morphology. The special advantages of this technique for preparing porous nano-material include no consumption of organic solvent in the process and easy control of deposition conditions and speeds. 相似文献
5.
Silicon carbide (SIC) ceramic with YAG (Y3Al5O12) additive added by sol-gel method was liquid-phase sintered at different sintering temperatures, and the sintering mechanism and microstructural characteristics of resulting silicon carbide ceramics were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and elemental distribution of surface (EDS). YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet) phase formed before the sintering and its uniform distribution in the SiC/YAG composite powder decreased the sintering temperature and improved the densification of SiC ceramic. The suitable sintering temperature was 1860 ℃ with the specimen sintered at this temperature having superior sintering and mechanical properties, smaller crystal size and fewer microstructure defects. Three characteristics of improved toughness of SiC ceramic with YAG added by sol-gel method were microstructural densification, main-crack deflection and crystal ‘bridging‘. 相似文献
6.
In2O3 nanoparticles were prepared from or with different indium salts by chemical precipitation under the conditions of various pH values. The crystal structure and ceramic microstructure of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The results show that the mean grain size of In2O3 is less than 100 nm, and their particle homogeneity and dispersibility are satisfactory. The gas sensitivity defined as Ra/Rg was detected in a static system. The results show that the sensors made by as-prepared nanoparticles has high sensitivity to many gases such as alcohol, HCHO, NH3 , et al. The response time is less than 20 s and the recovery time is lower than 30 s. 相似文献
7.
In an effort to find the effect of mass transfer ,surface tesion and drag forces on the velocity distribution,the mathematical model of the velocity profile of a nascent hollow fiber during membrane formation in the air gap region was numerically simulated by using the Runge-Kutta method (fourth-order method).The effect of mass transfer on velocity distribution based on the complicated function(G(Ch^s))was presented and the dffects of a complicated function were studied in two cases:in the first case,G(Ch^s) was constant;in the second,G(Ch^s) was variable.The latter was done by varying with the concentration of solvent in a nascent hollow fiber through the air-gap region.One empirical equation was used to describe this change and the predected values had a better agreement with the experimental values.To verify the moedl hypotheses,hollow fiber membranes were spun from 20:80 polybenzimidazole/polyetherimide dopes with 25.6 wt％ solid in N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) using water as the external and internal coagulants.Based on the experimental results of dry-jet wet-spinning process for the fabrication of hollow fiber membranes,it is found that the model calculated values were in a good agreement with the experimental values. 相似文献
8.
In2O3 Ultrafine Powder Synthesis by Sol—Gel Method 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The precursor of ultrafine In2O3 powder was prepared by the hydrolysis,peptization and gelation of InCl3.4H2O used as raw material.After calcination,ultrafine In2O3 powder was obtained.The particles were characterized by the methods of thermo-gravimetric and differential thermal analysis(TG-DTA),X-ray diffractometry(XRD) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).respectively. 相似文献
9.
Heterogeneous Fenton reagent, as a strong oxidizer, has been used widely in the treatment of wastewater. We prepared Fe2O3/γ-Al2O3 catalyst by impregnation method and characterized it by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Test results show that Fe2O3 crystal was compounded on the γ-Al2O3 carrier. We tested and optimized Fe2O3/γ-Al2O3/H2O2 and Fe2O3/γ-Al2O3/H2O2 /UV processes to remediate organic material of phenol, using phenol solution with an initial concentration of 250 mg/L as a representative of phenolic industrial wastewater. The preparation conditions were optimized based on performance of Fe2O3/γ-Al2O3 catalyst and the processes to degrade phenol in aqueous environments. The experimental results showed that the phenol removal perfomance with Fe2O3/γ-Al2O3/H2O2 /UV was more complete than with Fe2O3/γ-Al2O3/H2O2 and degradation rate of phenol reached 89.4and 94.7respectively after reaction for 2 h. 相似文献
10.
The objective of the study is the cytocidal and inhibitory effect of energy-controllable pulse on ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3.Ovarian cancer cell suspension were treated by electric pulse with different parameters,.The inhibitory rate(IR) was assayed by modified colorimetric MTT methods,the growth curves of two test groups and one control group were also measured.and the ultrasturctureal changes were observed under electron microscopy(EM) and scan electron microscopy (SEM),It was found that the treated SKOV3 cell proliferated more slowly.IR was increased with the enhancement of pulse paramters,The ultrastructural study showed that morphological changes occured obviously.Swollen mitochondria,fracutured ridges,cytoplasmic vacuoles and membrane holes appeard in most of the processed cells,and a part of bilayer membrane was ruptured.It is indicated that irreversible electric breakdown occurred in some of the treated cells,and the electric pulse could kill cancer cell and inhibit its recovery and growth. 相似文献
11.
1 Introduction Alumina membrane has received considerable atten-tion for its thermal ,chemical and mechanical stabilityin filtration applications .Alumina membraneis usuallyprepared by sol-gel process ,in which uniform nano-meter-sized particles can be pr… 相似文献
12.
在聚乙烯醇(PVA)中添加磷钨酸(PWA)和氧化铝(A l2O3),制得复合质子交换膜,测定其电导率、含水率、溶胀度和甲醇透过系数等性质.研究表明,该复合膜兼具较佳的导电率和较好的阻醇效果. 相似文献
13.
采用非醇盐溶胶-凝胶工艺在Al_2O_3基片上旋转涂敷制得掺Sb的SnO_2薄膜。再经直流溅射制得掺Pt的Sb:SnO_2薄膜,探讨了不同Pt添加量对气敏性能的影响。结果表明,对Pt的溅射时间为90s时,元件对50ppm浓度乙醇气体的灵敏度高达43。经选择性研究表明,该元件有较好的选择性和优异的酒敏特性。 相似文献
14.
TiO2/Al2O3超声降解高浓度亚甲基蓝溶液性能研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用溶胶-凝胶法在Al2O3表面负载TiO2制取TiO2/Al2O3催化剂,以亚甲基蓝为研究对象考察了TiO2/Al2O3催化剂的煅烧温度、亚甲基蓝反应初始浓度、介质酸度及TiO2/Al2O3催化剂用量对TiO2/Al2O3超声波降解脱色高浓度亚甲基蓝溶液的影响实验发现:煅烧温度对TiO2/Al2O3的活性有很大影响,从而对TiO2/Al2O3催化剂超声波降解脱色高浓度亚甲基蓝溶液有较大制约。煅烧温度在480℃时最佳;亚甲基蓝溶液的超声降解脱色速率随初始浓度的增大而降低;随介质酸度的增加,降解速率加快,中性条件下降解速率最低,当PH值呈碱性时,降解速率又有所提高。在TiO2/Al2O3催化剂作用下,超声波降解脱色高浓度亚甲基蓝溶液效果较好,能够有效的完成高浓度亚甲基蓝溶液的降解脱色。因此,TiO2/Al2O3催化剂超声波降解脱色高浓度亚甲基蓝溶液的方法,具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
15.
Al2O3-MA-Cr2O3质钢包渣线浇注料的研制与应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
刘文戈 《黄冈师范学院学报》2003,23(6):53-55
本文简要介绍了Al2O3-MA-Cr2O3质浇注料的性能和研制过程,根据对使用后材料结构分析,认为该浇注料的损毁为一缓慢的熔损过程,在分析了Al2O3-MA-Cr2O3渣线浇注料长寿命的原因的基础上,提出下一步研究设想. 相似文献
16.
采用纳米粒子二元复配填充改性及冷压烧结工艺,制备了Al_2O_3/CaCO_3/PTFE三元复合材料,对其力学性能进行了探讨。实验结果表明,纳米粒子的填充显著提高了PTFE的摩擦磨损性能、硬度、抗蠕变性能及拉伸强度,降低了断裂伸长率。当Al2O3质量分数为20%、CaCO_3质量分数为10%时,PTFE复合材料综合力学性能优异。 相似文献
17.
制备了ＰＶＡ（聚乙烯醇）／ＣＭＣ（羧甲基纤维素）渗透汽化复合膜。研究了ＰＶＡ／ＣＭＣ用量比、交联剂用量、乙醇浓度、渗透汽化时间等因素对膜的渗透汽化性能的影响。发现ＰＶＡ／ＣＭＣ复合膜对８５－９８．３ｗｔ％乙醇溶液表现为水优先透过。在２６．５°Ｃ和１ａｔｍ下,９０．８ｗｔ％乙醇溶液渗透汽化３小时、膜内乙醇浓度增至９８．３ｗｔ％。达到了较好的醇／水分离效果 相似文献
18.
合成吡啶催化剂的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
醛(酮)氨法合成吡啶可用ZSM-5作催化剂, 本文研究了ZSM-5催化剂的表面酸性与催化合成吡啶活性之间的关系. 合成了硅铝质量比为120的ZSM-5, 并用钴、铁对其进行改性, 用吡啶红外光谱技术测定了ZSM-5的表面酸性. 研究表明用Co2 ,Fe3 离子对HZSM-5进行改性, Lewis酸中心明显减少, 对氨的吸附能力下降, 这种现象保证了足够多的酸中心暴露和醛反应, 有利于吡啶碱的形成, 吡啶碱产率可达78%. 该研究为制备高活性、高选择性的合成吡啶催化剂提供了理论依据. 相似文献
19.
Positively charged composite nanofiltration (NF) membranes with good stability were prepared by dopamine (DA) assisted poly(ethylene imine) (PEI) deposition on a polysulfone ultrafiltration (UF) substrate followed by a cross-linking step. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electronic microscopy, and atom force microscopy were employed to characterize the surface chemistry and morphology of the obtained composite membranes. The DA and PEI co-deposition conditions were optimized based on knowledge of the co-deposition mechanism. The effects of the cross-linker concentration, cross-linking time, and reaction temperature on the permeation and separation properties of the prepared composite membranes were investigated in detail. Under optimized conditions, the MgCl2 rejection and permeation flux of the composite membrane reached 80.4% and 19.6 L/(m2·h), respectively (the feed was 0.01 mol/L of MgCl2 solution under a test pressure of 0.4 MPa). The rejection of various salts followed the order MgCl2≈CaCl2>MgSO4>NaCl>Na2SO4, suggesting the membranes were positively charged. The composite membranes showed good durability under alkaline aqueous conditions. This study provided new insights into the fabrication of mussel-inspired thin-film composite nanofiltration membranes. 相似文献
20.