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随着中国国家转化医学重大科技基础设施启用,如何盘活现有转化医学中心资源,对加速医学研究进程意义重大。研究系统梳理欧盟转化医学研究基础设施（EATRIS）的发展历史及项目情况,发现EATRIS立足于113个转化医学研究机构,成立协调办公室和科学咨询委员会,建立了以项目为中心的转化医学体系,以协调科研支持资源,在患者教育、公私合作、生物数据库建设等方面积累了丰富经验。综合中国国家临床医学研究中心快速增加,但缺乏顶层统筹协调,支持分散和协作割裂以及基础设施利用率低的现状,研究提出应立足国家转化医学基础设施,搭建统筹管理平台,设立专项发展基金,以推动患者临床价值实现为目标的发展建议,为中国转化医学中心高效率运转提供经验参考。 相似文献
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Governmental health policy officials increasingly seek to promote public participation in expert and technical decisions regarding health regulation. The issues of what r?le the public plays in regulatory processes, and how health policy officials orient to public opinion, matter especially in the US context, where public commentary is a requisite component of federal rule-making. This paper examines written commentary as one specific, institutionalized form of public participation. To understand the relationship between scientific evidence and public commentary in public health regulation, we examine a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulation, proposed in 1995, to restrict the promotion and sale of tobacco products to minors. We use recent work on collective action frames to analyse how the FDA framed the proposed regulation as a rational, science-based policy; the discursive practices employed in the public commentary either to embrace or to contest the FDA's framing; and how the agency presented the final version of its rule as responsive to that public commentary. Our content analyses reveal a significant disparity between the FDA's emphasis on scientific evidence and the commentators' emphases on political and ideological frames, which we analyse in terms of counter-framing. An orientation to the dynamics of framing and counter-framing contributes to an understanding of the relationship between scientific evidence and public commentary in the formulation of controversial health policy regulations. 相似文献
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Given the mixed evidence for the impact of various publicly funded initiatives that aim to foster entrepreneurial activity, this paper empirically examines the efficacy of publicly funded business advisory services in relation to entrepreneurial outcomes. Based on a sample of 228 early-stage firms, of which 101 used business advisory services focused on helping companies secure 1st rounds of financing and start generating revenues, we examine the firm-level impact such services can have on sales growth, innovation, finance and alliances. We find services are positively associated with firms’ sales growth, patents, finance and alliances. We assess statistical and economic significance, and assess robustness to controls for the non-randomness of the firm's using business advisory service program, as well as endogeneity of advisors’ hours spent with firms. Other robustness checks are also included. We find significant robustness of hours spent on sales and finance, but sensitivity of the effect of hours on patents and alliances after controlling for endogeneity. 相似文献
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This paper presents a case study in the production and interpretation of regulatory science, focusing on the conflicting British and American clinical risk assessments of triazolam (Halcion) - the most controversial sleeping pill in the world. The regulation of triazolam is shown to be more permissive in the USA than in the UK. Six principal socio-political factors are put forward to explain this; differential regulatory trust; regulators' socio-technical data selections; medico-scientific disciplinary influences; organizational and professional interests; conflicts of interest of expert advisers; and the growth of the neo-liberal regulatory state. The risk assessments of both the British and American regulatory agencies are shown to be complacent relative to technical standards which the agencies themselves later accepted. It is suggested that, when the interests of pharmaceutical manufacturers and patients diverge, regulatory assessments are crucially affected by whether regulators are predisposed to award the benefit of the scientific doubts to the manufacturers or patients, and by the balance of such predispositions both within and between regulatory institutions of scientific expertise. The triazolam case indicates that the amount of trust placed in the pharmaceutical industry by the British American regulatory systems may hamper detection of flaws in manufacturers' medical data in a timely manner and, as a consequence, compromise patients' interests. Some policy implications for drug regulation are sketched. 相似文献
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以调节焦点理论为基础,探讨高校科研团队中领导语言框架对团队成员知识隐藏的影响及其内在机制。采用问卷调查方法对多地高校科研团队中的研究人员进行了调研。以217份有效数据为样本进行假设检验,实证分析得出以下结论:领导语言框架对知识隐藏有显著影响;团队成员情境调节焦点中介了领导语言框架与知识隐藏间的关系;Web2.0情境能够有效调节情境调节焦点对知识隐藏的影响。 相似文献
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作为高素质的人力资本,高校科研团队成员在实际科研过程中普遍存在科研动力不强的现状,直接影响科研团队运作效率。究其原因,是团队负责人没有充分重视团队成员的人力资本特性,未能激发团队成员的科研动力。从人力资本视角出发,运用委托代理模型研究高校科研团队成员科研动力的影响因素。研究结果表明:高校科研团队成员的科研动力与团队成员的科研能力水平、获得的科研成果分配份额正相关。结合当前高校科研团队管理现状,从工资、劳务报酬和科研奖金三方面出发,为科研团队负责人激励科研团队成员提出相关建议。 相似文献
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本文主要从班委的设置、选拔、工作素质培养、辅导员与班委的情感教育等几个方面为出发点，结合辅导员实际工作经验展开论述．探讨出了一些科学培养班委快速提高辅导员学生管理效率的方法。 相似文献
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拓展科技查新工作，为企业和科研单位提供深层次的技术咨询服务 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文就如何拓展科技查新工作,如何提高科技查新质量,为政府主管部门、科研单位和企业提供深层次的技术咨询服务,提出自已想法和建议,并结合科技查新工作现状及存在的问题提出几点改进措施。 相似文献
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Lykknes A Kvittingen L Børresen AK 《Isis; an international review devoted to the history of science and its cultural influences》2004,95(4):576-609
Ellen Gleditsch (1879-1968) became Norway's first authority on radioactivity and the country's second female full professor. From her many years abroad--in Marie Curie's laboratory in Paris and at Yale University in New Haven with Bertram Boltram--she became internationally acknowledged and developed an extensive personal and scientific network. In the Norwegian scientific community she was, however, less appreciated, and her appointment as a professor in 1929 caused controversy. Despite the recommendation of the expert committee, her predecessor and his allies spread the view that Gleditsch was a diligent but outdated researcher with little scientific promise-a view that apparently persists in the Norwegian chemical community today. In addition to her scientific work, Gleditsch acquired political influence by joining the International Federation of University Women in 1920; she later became the president of both the Norwegian section and the worldwide organization. She worked in particular to establish scholarships enabling women to go abroad. 相似文献
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在大学生中发展党员工作是高校党建工作的一项重要任务。武汉科技大学理学院党委把握党员发展工作的理论背景,认清当前大学生党员发展现状,分析学生党员发展过程中入党材料所存在的问题,采取"三个加强,一个完善"的措施加以针对性解决,有力地促进了高校学生党员的发展工作,进一步提高了党建科学化水平。 相似文献
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Scientific knowledge dynamics and relatedness in biotech cities 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
This paper investigates the impact of scientific relatedness on knowledge dynamics in biotech at the city level during the period 1989–2008. We assess the extent to which the emergence of new research topics and the disappearance of existing topics in cities are dependent on their degree of scientific relatedness with existing topics in those cities. We make use of the rise and fall of title words in scientific publications in biotech to identify major cognitive developments within the field. We determined the degree of relatedness between 1028 scientific topics in biotech by means of co-occurrence of pairs of topics in journal articles. We combined this relatedness indicator between topics in biotech with the scientific portfolio of cities (i.e. the topics on which they published previously) to determine how cognitively close a potentially new topic (or an existing topic) is to the scientific portfolio of a city. We analyzed knowledge dynamics at the city level by looking at the entry and exit of topics in the scientific portfolio of 276 cities in the world. We found strong and robust evidence that new scientific topics in biotech tend to emerge systematically in cities where scientifically related topics already exist, while existing scientific topics had a higher probability to disappear from a city when these were weakly related to the scientific portfolio of the city. 相似文献
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在系统梳理科技创新决策与咨询制度概念及研究进展的基础上,以主要发达国家科技创新决策与咨询制度的基本现状和基础架构为主线,分析可资借鉴的经验。结合我国建立科技创新决策与咨询系统的需求,提出建立、完善国家科技创新决策与咨询制度的政策建议:建立国家宏观科技创新决策领导机构,减少政府创新管理职能重复;设立国家科技创新决策咨询机构,建立常态化联系沟通机制;加快推动决策咨询和智库体系建设法治化,建立多渠道、不同运行模式的科技创新顾问制度体系,不断探索并创新咨询模式和运行方式;加强科技创新决策与咨询能力建设,提高决策与咨询质量。 相似文献
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庄华城 《科技成果管理与研究》2010,(5):32-34
科技型中小企业技术创新基金自1999年设立以来,到2009年已走过了十年的历程。创新基金在鼓励科技人员创业、推动科技成果转化、提高企业自主创新能力等方面发挥着积极作用,促进了中小企业的发展。笔者利用几年来从事基金项目审核和技术咨询服务的经验,就创新基金项目申报和申请资料编撰谈了个人体会。 相似文献
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[目的]认识科技期刊和科技智库互动发展的必要性和可行性,揭示二者互动发展的机理与路径。[方法]运用逻辑演绎推理方法,阐述双方互动发展的必要性、可行性以及机理与路径。[结果]科技期刊与科技智库互动发展的战略意义显著且可行。从机理上看,科技期刊可为科技智库建设输送知识资源并提供人才团队支持,还可张扬智库研究成果的价值;科技智库则能提高科技期刊学术质量、提升期刊社会影响力和塑造科技期刊品牌。二者互动发展的路径主要有协同创新、资源融合、常态化合作和互为环境与保障等。[结论]互动发展既对双方有利,又能使其更好地履行社会责任、更好地提升国家软实力并强化决策咨询功能。 相似文献
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在科研项目管理过程中,项目负责人和其他成员组成了合作网络。本文检验了科研项目负责人网络位置对项目创新的影响,并分析了当合作网络的创新能力处于行业不同水平时,该影响是否存在差异。利用国家自然科学基金结题数据,结果表明,科研项目负责人的网络中心度对项目创新有正向影响,结构洞数对项目创新有倒U型影响。相比较合作网络创新能力处于行业高水平,当其处于中、低水平时,项目负责人网络位置对项目创新的影响更大。本研究结论不仅完善了网络位置对创新影响的相关文献,验证了我国提出项目负责人制进行项目管理的正确性,也对项目负责人制定管理方案有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
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科技期刊注重科技伦理评估的做法及实例分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
【目的】促进科技期刊的正确导向,提升科技期刊对科技伦理的重视程度,加强普通科技期刊进行科技伦理评估的力度。【方法】 阐述了科技期刊重视科技伦理评估的道德意义,提出了科技伦理评估的具体做法。【结果】 发现通过消除伪科技伦理谣言、关注国际科技伦理的热点、刊发前瞻性科技伦理专业论文、结合新闻热点约稿、解疑释惑等方法是科技期刊实现科技论文评估的具体途径。【结果】 科技期刊论文的科技伦理评估还在起步阶段,需要进一步完善伦理委员会的审查、监督体系,提高作者和编辑的科技伦理学意识等等。 相似文献
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This paper explores recent trends in the size of scientific teams and in institutional collaborations. The data derive from 2.4 million scientific papers written in 110 top U.S. research universities over the period 1981-1999. The top 110 account for a large share of published basic research conducted in the U.S. during this time.We measure team size by the number of authors on a scientific paper. Using this measure we find that team size increases by 50% over the 19-year period. We supplement team size with measures of domestic and foreign institutional collaborations, which capture the geographic dispersion of team workers. The time series evidence suggests that the trend towards more geographically dispersed scientific teams accelerates beginning with papers published at the start of the 1990s. This acceleration suggests a sharp decline in the cost of collaboration. Our hypothesis is that the decline is due to the deployment of the National Science Foundation's NSFNET and its connection to networks in Europe and Japan after 1987.Using a panel of top university departments we also find that private universities and departments whose scientists have earned prestigious awards participate in larger teams, as do departments that have larger amounts of federal funding. Placement of former graduate students is a key determinant of institutional collaborations, especially collaborations with firms and with foreign scientific institutions. Finally, the evidence suggests that scientific output and influence increase with team size and that influence rises along with institutional collaborations. Since increasing team size implies an increase in the division of labor, these results suggest that scientific productivity increases with the scientific division of labor. 相似文献