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1.
Peña ED 《Child development》2007,78(4):1255-1264
In cross-cultural child development research there is often a need to translate instruments and instructions to languages other than English. Typically, the translation process focuses on ensuring linguistic equivalence. However, establishment of linguistic equivalence through translation techniques is often not sufficient to guard against validity threats. In addition to linguistic equivalence, functional equivalence, cultural equivalence, and metric equivalence are factors that need to be considered when research methods are translated to other languages. This article first examines cross-cultural threats to validity in research. Next, each of the preceding factors is illustrated with examples from the literature. Finally, suggestions for incorporating each factor into research studies of child development are given. 相似文献
2.
Miller BD 《American annals of the deaf》2008,152(5):459-466
The general purpose of the present article is to emphasize contemporary research-based and theory-based assessment, specifically Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory-based assessment (Carroll, 1993, 1997; Horn & Noll, 1997), in work with deaf and hard of hearing students in the school setting. The article focuses on the history of cognitive ability theory and test development and interpretation, as well as contemporary perspectives, including recent applications of CHC-based assessment useful with deaf and hard of hearing students in school-based evaluations. Implications for future research and educational practice are discussed. 相似文献
3.
Sign language interpreters in mental health settings face extreme linguistic and cultural difficulties in interpreting basic, everyday language used in these settings. This is particularly true when deaf clients have limited English proficiency, which often requires interpreters to use expansion techniques in order to render messages successfully. To examine how diagnostics may be affected by interpretation, Brauer (1993), Montoya et al. (2001), and Steinberg, Lipton, Eckhardt, Goldstein, and Sullivan (1998) translated two widely used psychological screening instruments into American Sign Language (ASL). The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and the Diagnostic Interview Schedule-IV (DIS-IV) were selected for translation, and data from the three studies are presented and discussed. Their implications in terms of the expectations and stresses placed on interpreters are described within a framework of demand and control theory. Finally, sections of the Code of Ethics of the Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf (RID) are examined relative to both the issue of confidentiality and what the interpreter's contribution should be in mental health settings. 相似文献
4.
中国古诗词历史源远流长,是我国文学宝库中最为宝贵的珍藏,历来受到国内外学者的青睐。对于古诗词的英译,已是自古有之。由于译者主体的不同,译文和方法也千差万别。英国著名翻译理论家彼得·纽马克对自己的研究成果进行总结,并借鉴其他一些跨学科的知识提出了“语义翻译”(semantictranslation)和“交际翻译”(communicativetranslation)理论。用纽马克的翻译理论来指导古诗英译,不但可以使译品更富有诗意,而且也会丰富翻译理论。 相似文献
5.
Evans CJ 《American annals of the deaf》2004,149(1):17-27
A bilingual model has been applied to educating deaf students who are learning American Sign Language (ASL) as their first language and written English as a second. Although Cummins's (1984) theory of second-language learning articulates how learners draw on one language to acquire another, implementing teaching practices based on this theory, particularly with deaf students, is a complex, confusing process. The purposes of the present study were to narrow the gap between theory and practice and to describe the teaching and learning strategies used by the teachers and parents of three elementary school children within a bilingual/bicultural learning environment for deaf students. The findings suggest that strategies such as using ASL as the language of instruction and making translation conceptual rather than literal contribute to literacy learning. Findings further indicate that some inconsistencies persist in applying a bilingual approach with deaf students. 相似文献
6.
商标翻译是运用译入语来完美再现和传达原语商标的思想、内容和意境,以获得新颖独特、富有艺术魅力的译名。本文将从商标翻译应注意的问题和方法两个方面探讨如何翻译商标名称。 相似文献
7.
依据翻译理论和实践,分析了在大学日语翻译教学过程中新词新语日译所面临的难点和问题,探讨翻译对于学生建立正确的自我-他者理解的重要性和必要意义,旨在为日语教育发展提供一些参考。 相似文献
8.
李昕 《重庆第二师范学院学报》2007,20(1):97-99
学术界对翻译的本质及翻译的对象等问题所持观点不一而足,有必要从翻译研究本体论角度出发加以探讨,梳理中国翻译史上“直译”与“意译”旷日持久的纷争,并指明应在语旨、语义及语形的层面实现“意”译的回归。 相似文献
9.
This article presents the findings of a study of the relationship between American Sign Language (ASL) skills and English literacy among 160 deaf children. Using a specially designed test of ASL to determine three levels of ASL ability, we found that deaf children who attained the higher two levels significantly outperformed children in the lowest ASL ability level in English literacy, regardless of age and IQ. Furthermore, although deaf children with deaf mothers outperformed deaf children of hearing mothers in both ASL and English literacy, when ASL level was held constant, there was no difference between these two groups, except in the lowest level of ASL ability. The implication of this research is straightforward and powerful: Deaf children's learning of English appears to benefit from the acquisition of even a moderate fluency in ASL. 相似文献
10.
Recent research into signed languages indicates that signs may share some properties with gesture, especially in the use of space in classifier constructions. A prediction of this proposal is that there will be similarities in the representation of motion events by sign-naive gesturers and by native signers of unrelated signed languages. This prediction is tested for deaf native signers of Australian Sign Language (Auslan), deaf signers of Taiwan Sign Language (TSL), and hearing nonsigners using the Verbs of Motion Production task from the Test Battery for American Sign Language (ASL) Morphology and Syntax. Results indicate that differences between the responses of nonsigners, Auslan signers, and TSL signers and the expected ASL responses are greatest with handshape units; movement and location units appear to be very similar. Although not definitive, these data are consistent with the claim that classifier constructions are blends of linguistic and gestural elements. 相似文献
11.
There are at least two languages (American Sign Language [ASL], English) and three modalities (sign, speech, print) in most deaf individuals' lives. Mixing of ASL and English in utterances of deaf adults has been described in various ways (pidgins, diglossia, language contact, bilingualism), but children's mixing usually is treated as the 'fault' of poor input language. Alternatively, how might language mixing serve their communication goals? This article describes code variations and adaptations to particular situations. Deaf children were seen to exhibit a wide variety of linguistic structures mixing ASL, English, Spanish, signing, and speaking. Formal lessons supported a recoding of English print as sign and speech, but the children who communicated English speech were the two who could hear speech. The children who communicated ASL were those who had deaf parents communicating ASL or who identified with deaf houseparents communicating ASL. Most language produced by the teacher and children in this study was mixed in code and mode. While some mixing was related to acquisition and proficiency, mixing, a strategy of many deaf individuals, uniquely adapts linguistic resources to communication needs. Investigating deaf children's language by comparing it to standard English or ASL overlooks the rich strategies of mixing that are central to their communication experience. 相似文献
12.
张强 《天津职业院校联合学报》2004,6(4):98-99
不同的文章有不同的风格。在翻译中,如何再现原作的风格,无疑是一个让译者们在实践中反复思量的问题。翻译风格中的障碍消除,应以坚持不懈地提高个人文化素养为原则,积极投身到实践中去,培养和强化译者对作品风格的感悟能力,尽可能地再现原作的风格。 相似文献
13.
张志 《闽西职业技术学院学报》2007,9(1):85-88
长期以来,翻译理论之争不断,而传统的翻译教材过分侧重技巧的教学,忽视理论的介绍。翻译理论与翻译技巧在翻译过程、翻译教学、翻译作品的评价三个方面各自发挥着不同层次的作用,在实践中应注意把握两者之间的关系。 相似文献
14.
Bobbie Jo Kite 《Psychology in the schools》2020,57(3):402-417
This article explores the journey of eight hearing families of bimodal-bilingual deaf children as they navigate the decision-making process reflecting their beliefs and values about American Sign Language (ASL) and English through their family language policy framework. The resources offered to families with deaf children often reflect a medical view, rather than a cultural perspective of being deaf. Because medical professionals, educators, and specialists who work with deaf and hard-of-hearing children have a strong influence on family members’ opinions, beliefs, and attitudes about being deaf, it is even more crucial to correct misconceptions about ASL and empower families to develop a family language policy that is inclusive of their deaf and hard-of-hearing children. This article informs researchers, teachers, and other professionals about the potential benefits and challenges of supporting the families’ ASL and English language planning policy. 相似文献
15.
唐诗是中华民族的文化瑰宝.一百多年来,许多唐诗被翻译成外文,为中外文化交流做出了杰出贡献.然而唐诗英译中求真与求美的矛盾仍然没有得到很好的解决.科学派讲究真实,而艺术派强调求美.从诗歌翻译的总体实践来看,诗歌翻译属于艺术,科学派的对等译法不适合诗歌翻译. 相似文献
16.
Susan Goldin-Meadow Rachel I. Mayberry 《Learning disabilities research & practice》2001,16(4):222-229
Reading requires two related, but separable, capabilities: (1) familiarity with a language, and (2) understanding the mapping between that language and the printed word (Chamberlain & Mayberry, 2000; Hoover & Gough, 1990). Children who are profoundly deaf are disadvantaged on both counts. Not surprisingly, then, reading is difficult for profoundly deaf children. But some deaf children do manage to read fluently. How? Are they simply the smartest of the crop, or do they have some strategy, or circumstance, that facilitates linking the written code with language? A priori one might guess that knowing American Sign Language (ASL) would interfere with learning to read English simply because ASL does not map in any systematic way onto English. However, recent research has suggested that individuals with good signing skills are not worse, and may even be better, readers than individuals with poor signing skills (Chamberlain & Mayberry, 2000). Thus, knowing a language (even if it is not the language captured in print) appears to facilitate learning to read. Nonetheless, skill in signing does not guarantee skill in reading—reading must be taught. The next frontier for reading research in deaf education is to understand how deaf readers map their knowledge of sign language onto print, and how instruction can best be used to turn signers into readers. 相似文献
17.
刘晴 《湖北广播电视大学学报》2007,27(11):139-140
劳伦斯·韦努蒂在其文章"翻译,社区,乌托邦"中,主张在翻译的过程中,译者应该努力去建立一个社区,使该社区成为沟通两国语言文化的桥梁。但是十全十美的翻译又是乌托邦式的空想,翻译的目的是要表达语言和文化的差异。本文通过介绍劳伦斯·韦努蒂解构主义翻译策略中的几个重要概念来彰显这种差异。他批判英语翻译中的归化策略,揭示翻译话语中的民族中心主义和文化霸权主义的实质,此举旨在为翻译确立自身的地位,即翻译具有自身存在的价值。 相似文献
18.
介绍了翻译的两个主要趋向——语言学趋向和文化学趋向。文章肯定了语言学对翻译的指导作用,并从结构主义语言学的纵聚合和横组合关系这一视角出发,通过不同译本的对比分析,再现了这一组合关系在翻译实践中的指导作用,为译本的评价提供了一个标准,同时也为翻译教学提供了一个新的方法。 相似文献
19.
马春香 《楚雄师范学院学报》2004,19(2):118-119
翻译是科技和跨文化交流最重要的手段之一。本文阐述了翻译理论的基础和翻译实践的前提——可译性，详述了翻译困难和由于文化差异导致的翻译失败，以便翻译工作者能够更顺利、有效地进行翻译实践。 相似文献
20.
语料库翻译学是近二十年来兴起的一个翻译学分支学科,旨在通过语料库的方法认识翻译活动及翻译过程。从整体来看,不管是译学语料库的建设还是基于译学语料库开展的研究,其内容都有待扩展。政府文件是一种较为规范的正式文体,与其他类型文本相比,其英文译文总体质量较高。对政府文件英文译文进行深入研究,有利于译者总结翻译规律、掌握翻译技巧,从而提高译文质量。文章主要介绍政府文件翻译语料库建库及标注方案,重点阐述如何利用该语料库在翻译课堂教学中提高译者翻译策略与翻译效率问题。 相似文献