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1.
通过研究我国社会流动性与经济增长目前的发展状况,分析社会流动性与长期经济增长之间的互动关系,进一步探讨我国社会流动性与长期经济增长的影响因素,政治因素、经济因素、教育因素和社会因素,并构建我国社会流动性与长期经济增长的互动关系图,最终提出促进我国社会流动性与长期经济增长良性互动的建议,打破制度障碍,促进自由流动;优化产业结构,创新科学技术;调节收入分配,增强社会流动;改善资源配置,落实教育公平;加强人力资本投资,提高劳动力适应性。 相似文献
2.
Sebastian Ureta 《The Information Society》2013,29(2):83-92
In the last few decades physical mobility has become one of the key elements of contemporary societies. This centrality of mobility also means the development of a new kind of social exclusion caused by the problems of living in a social context in which one has to be increasingly “on the move” to access goods and services. In this article, based on fieldwork conducted with 20 low-income family inhabitants of the city of Santiago, Chile, we study the role that mobile phone usage has in relation to physical mobility in the everyday lives of these individuals. Through an analysis of the pattern of usage and mobility of these devices, we arrive at the conclusion that rather than giving rise to an experience of constant mobility and “anytime–anywhere” availability, the individuals studied face limitations and exclusions that profoundly constrict the potential “mobility” afforded by these devices. 相似文献
3.
《The Information Society》2008,24(2):83-92
In the last few decades physical mobility has become one of the key elements of contemporary societies. This centrality of mobility also means the development of a new kind of social exclusion caused by the problems of living in a social context in which one has to be increasingly “on the move” to access goods and services. In this article, based on fieldwork conducted with 20 low-income family inhabitants of the city of Santiago, Chile, we study the role that mobile phone usage has in relation to physical mobility in the everyday lives of these individuals. Through an analysis of the pattern of usage and mobility of these devices, we arrive at the conclusion that rather than giving rise to an experience of constant mobility and “anytime-anywhere” availability, the individuals studied face limitations and exclusions that profoundly constrict the potential “mobility” afforded by these devices. 相似文献
4.
Tufool Alnuaimi 《Research Policy》2012,41(9):1534-1543
We examine the impact of local and foreign labor mobility in India by modeling one regional and one global network, each of which captures the inter-organizational mobility of inventors. Our analysis of the regional network shows that, within India, the productivity of inventors does not improve when they move from foreign to Indian organizations. In the global network, we find that Indian organizations remain located in the periphery as a result of employing a small number of inventors from foreign organizations. However, in the instances when inventors are hired from foreign organizations, they are able to produce patents with a higher impact in comparison to inventors hired from other Indian organizations. Furthermore, when the inventors are hired from abroad, the impact of their patents is even higher in comparison. The implications of these findings for innovation and policy in the emerging economy context are discussed. 相似文献
5.
以2014—2019年我国入选全球高被引科学家具有跨省流动的科学家为高层次科技人才研究对象,利用社会网络分析方法对其跨省流动网络结构特征进行研究.研究结果表明,我国高被引科学家省际迁移主要集中在北京、上海、江苏、浙江、安徽、四川等省区;北京、上海、江苏、广东和四川等省级行政区具有较强的人才吸引力;通过入度盈余值来看,广东、江苏、四川、上海和山东等省份人才为净流入状态,吉林、安徽、辽宁、湖南等地为人才净流出状态;根据核心-边缘结构分析,北京、上海和江苏处于网络核心位置. 相似文献
6.
史卫东 《科学．经济．社会》2005,23(3):56-59
以社会学概念社会流动为切入点,本文首先分析社会流动的概念、内涵及其与社会稳定的互动关系;其次在对国内外社会学界有关最新研究动向阐述为基础,剖析了中国古代科举制度所具有的社会流动功能;再次进一步对科举制下帝王、精英、大众等社会层次儒家思想、民本意识、草民思维作深入分析;最后得出近代科举制衰亡、社会流动阻塞与社会稳定缺失有一定的因果联系,社会失范是科举制的内容陈旧的衰败,而不是考试取材方式本身的问题. 相似文献
7.
本文基于“科学家在线”平台数据,运用复杂网络分析方法,按照年份分别构建2010—2017年间全国34个省份之间科研人员流动网络模型,测度并分析8年间科研人员流动的复杂性网络整体特征和随时间变化的趋势。研究发现：（1）8年间科研人员流动呈现整体较为明显的“无标度”特性,即北京、上海、江苏等经济科技发达地区不仅流入科研人员的规模较大,流出科研人员的规模也不小,但是全国大部分省份流动科研人员规模较为有限;（2）除了小部分省份之外其余省份的人员流入流出相对较为均衡,一些经济科技发达省份在一定程度上也是全国或本区域科研人员流动的中心节点;（3）从发展态势来看,8年间全国省级科技人员流动态势相对平稳,但是省份之间科研人员流动规模差距越来越明显,经济科技发达省份与其他省份科研人员流动的规模相比差距越来越大;（4）最为突出的变化是流动人员规模显著增加,人员流动更加便利。 相似文献
8.
隐性课程一般被认为具有“润物细无声”的积极作用.然而,本文认为隐性课程是社会排斥与社会团结的分层机制中重要却常为人忽视的组成部分,它影响了学生对未来社会地位的预期,进而对合理的社会流动产生威胁. 相似文献
9.
自1978年改革开放以来,中国社会正在经历一场历史上前所未有的伟大实践。持续出现且继续深化的各种新社会生活形式,如虚拟空间与信息交流的广泛渗透和升级,社会流动与文化观念的不断加速和变迁,劳动分工与工作方式的日益精细和专业化,人际交往与心理体验的普遍拓展和功利化等,倒逼着人们比其他任何历史生活年代都更为迫切地诉求在社会实践和社会互动中营造普遍的信任环境,实现有效的合作。为实现富强民主、文明诚信的社会理想和社会主义核心价值观,中国社会治理进程将会面临信任的三大变迁,即:从内群信任转向外群信任的群际信任变迁,从人际信任转向制度信任的抽象信任变迁,从低信任社会转向高信任社会的社会信任变迁。 相似文献
10.
We studied the mobility of DNA molecules driven by an electric field through a nanofluidic device containing a periodic array of deep and shallow regions termed entropic traps. The mobility of a group of DNA molecules was measured by fluorescent video microscopy. Since the depth of a shallow region is smaller than the DNA equilibrium size, DNA molecules are trapped for a characteristic time and must compress themselves to traverse the boundary between deep and shallow regions. Consistent with previous experimental results, we observed a nonlinear relationship between the mobility and electric field strength, and that longer DNA molecules have larger mobility. In repeated measurements under seemingly identical conditions, we measured fluctuations in the mobility significantly larger than expected from statistical variation. The variation was more pronounced for lower electric field strengths where the trapping time is considerable relative to the drift time. To determine the origin of these fluctuations, we investigated the dependence of the mobility on several variables: DNA concentration, ionic strength of the solvent, fluorescent dye staining ratio, electroosmotic flow, and electric field strength. The mobility fluctuations were moderately enhanced in conditions of reduced ionic strength and electroosmotic flow. 相似文献
11.
社会分工与社会发展的关系,是一个非常广博又非常深奥的话题。笔者在这篇文章中,通过对社会分工与社会进步的分析,初步探索这两者之间的关系,并对世界未来的社会形式进行大胆预测。 相似文献
12.
区域耕地社会保障功能替代程度及其差异研究——基于北京市海淀区、大兴区24村214户农户问卷的实证 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
中国人多地少的国情,决定耕地的社会保障功能将长期存在.因此,区域耕地社会保障功能是否得到有效替代,是决定区域耕地是否具有流转条件,实现土地规模化经营的关键制约因素.本文依据耕地社会保障功能的替代模型,测算出研究区耕地社会保障功能被其他农村保障体系替代的程度,并从区域间和农户间两个方面在宏观和微观层面分别分析造成耕地社会保障功能替代程度差异的原因,为区域土地流转提供相对客观的判断依据和发展方向.本文的研究方法是从农户对于耕地社会保障功能的需求和耕地对农户社会保障功能的供给两个角度,在耕地生产功能替代、价值功能替代和劳动力吸纳功能替代3个层次构建了耕地社会保障功能替代程度测算体系,并以北京市大兴区和海淀区的214份实地调研数据进行验证.研究结果显示:耕地生产功能替代程度海淀区为0.04,大兴区为-2.7;耕地价值功能替代程度海淀区为0.5,大兴区为0.3;耕地劳动力吸纳功能替代程度海淀区为0.43,大兴区为0.35.海淀区耕地社会保障功能替代程度高于大兴区,与经济发展水平一致.说明经济发展水平较高的地区,农户从粮食市场获得粮食的比例较大,参加非农就业的机会较多,农户对耕地社会保障功能的依赖程度较低、被替代程度较大,土地流转条件具备. 相似文献
13.
We engage with recent applications of the Marxist “labor theory of value” to online prosumer practices, and offer an alternative framework for theorizing value creation in such practices. We argue that the labor theory of value is difficult to apply to online prosumer practices for two reasons. One, value creation in such practices is poorly related to time. Two, the realization of the value accumulated by social media companies generally occurs in financial markets, rather than in direct commodity exchange. In an alternative framework, we offer an understanding of value creation as based primarily on the capacity to initiate and sustain webs of affective relations, and value realization as linked to a reputation based financial economy. We argue that this model describes the process of value creation and appropriation in the context of online prosumer platforms better than an approach based on the Marxist labor theory of value. We also suggest that our approach can cast new light on value creation within informational capitalism in general. 相似文献
14.
15.
Maurie J. Cohen 《Research Policy》2010,39(4):459-470
A growing volume of scholarship and policy practice focuses on developing societal capacity to guide transitions of socio-technical systems toward more sustainable alternatives. Because several prominent modes of transportation are widely regarded as systemically problematic, the notion of sustainable mobility has received considerable attention from the standpoint of system innovation. Sustainability though constitutes only one of many contemporary political objectives and public commitment to goals consistent with such a future is highly equivocal. A related challenge arises from the ambivalence that sustainability champions often harbor on an individual level. It is probable that efforts to facilitate sustainable mobility will need to be reconciled with rival societal aspirations such as the pursuit of faster and more convenient forms of travel. Drawing on insights from the multi-level perspective, this article contrasts the relatively static automobility system with its more dynamic aeromobility counterpart and explores why evidence of an incipient transition is more apparent within the realm of aviation. In particular, the diffusion of “personal aeromobility” involving the use of small airplanes for on-demand, point-to-point air travel raises perplexing questions for the governance of sustainable mobility. 相似文献
16.
The economic health of nations and regions is increasingly coming to rest on the scientific and technical labor force conducting scientific research. As such, enormous social resources are directed to educating and training those who will fire the engines of economic growth. In the first part of this paper, we compare recent investment in the scientific and technical labor forces by two giants of nationally-supported research endeavors: France and the United States. We find that France is more invested in scientific and technical training, but that both nations invest directly and indirectly in the scientific and technical labor force. French policy is more likely to support the individual graduate student directly through a national grant, while graduate students in the US tend to rely indirectly on federal support through research grants to other researchers. We then use duration models on individual data to predict entry into a permanent academic position within three years of completing a Ph.D. We do not find that industrial support of graduate training has any effect on later success in obtaining a position. There is, however, evidence of different academic labor markets operating in each country. In France, entry into a position has not depended on period factors, while in the US more recent cohorts have been more successful in obtaining permanent employment. Furthermore, postdoctoral positions in France delay or deter academic careers, but have no impact on entry in the US: this suggest that two different modes of scientific human resources management operate in France and in the USA. In the USA, Ph.D.s are seen as an essential element in the process of knowledge transfer, and early mobility does not affect entry into permanent academic careers. In France, few incentives are given to encourage mobility, which merely deters the access to permanent jobs. Finally, we found that graduates of the most prestigious undergraduate institutions were systematically advantaged in obtaining permanent academic employment, suggesting that academic stratification occurs very early in the training path in each country. 相似文献
17.
农地社会保障功能替代程度与农地流转关系研究简 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
区域经济发展水平不同是导致农地社会保障功能替代程度差异化的重要因素,而农地作为农民的最后一道社会保障,其社会保障功能能否得到有效替代是农地流转的关键所在。本文以京冀平原区中自然条件相似但是经济发展水平不同的北京市海淀区、大兴区和河北省曲周县作为研究区域,从农地生产功能、价值功能和劳动力承载功能3个方面测算农地社会保障功能替代程度,采取二项Logistic回归模型正向分析农地社会保障功能替代程度对农地流转意愿的影响,并反向分析实际流转行为对于农地社会保障功能替代程度是否有反馈作用,量化二者的关系,以期为农地流转提供合理的政策建议。研究结果：农地的价值功能替代程度和劳动力承载替代程度越高,农户越愿意将土地转出,而不愿意转入土地;反之农户实际的转出土地行为促进农地价值功能替代程度和劳动力承载替代程度的提高,转入土地的行为促进替代程度的降低。研究结论：农地的价值功能替代程度和劳动力承载替代程度与农地流转之间存在良性互动的关系。 相似文献
18.
《Information processing & management》2022,59(5):103030
The prevalence of Location-based Social Networks (LBSNs) services makes next personalized Point-of-Interest (POI) predictions become a trending research topic. However, due to device failure or intention camouflage, geolocation information missing prevents existing POI-oriented researches for advanced user preference analysis. To this end, we propose a novel model named Bi-STAN, which fuses bi-direction spatiotemporal transition patterns and personalized dynamic preferences, to identify where the user has visited at a past specific time, namely missing check-in POI identification. Furthermore, to relieve data sparsity issues, Bi-STAN explicitly exploits spatiotemporal characteristics by doing bilateral traceback to search related items with high predictive power from user mobility traces. Specifically, Bi-STAN introduces (1) a temporal-aware attention semantic category encoder to unveil the latent semantic category transition patterns by modeling temporal periodicity and attenuation; (2) a spatial-aware attention POI encoder to capture the latent POI transition pattern by modeling spatial regularity and proximity; (3) a multitask-oriented decoder to incorporate personalized and temporal variance preference into learned transition patterns for missing check-in POI and category identification. Based on the complementarity and compatibility of multi-task learning, we further develop Bi-STAN with a self-adaptive learning rate for model optimization. Experimental results on two real-world datasets show the effectiveness of our proposed method. Significantly, Bi-STAN can also be adaptively applied to next POI prediction task with outstanding performances. 相似文献
19.
《Research Policy》2022,51(4):104485
The mobility of inventors leaves behind their patented inventions at sourcing firms, yet there is little scholarly insight into how firms handle those intellectual properties. We investigate this important issue by developing a framework of tacit-codified knowledge interdependence. We theorize that tacit and codified knowledge offer the intellectual and legal pillars of corporate inventions, which complement each other in value creation. Inventor mobility decouples the two pillars and reduces the maintenance likelihood of the left-behind patents. The negative impact is greater for inventions that are complex or rely less on internal prior art because the tacit knowledge loss is more destructive and unrecoverable. However, when inventors move to competing or litigious target firms, the relationship between mobility and patent maintenance becomes less negative or even turns positive because the left-behind patents can be leveraged to hedge against the risk of knowledge leakage. Applying a two-stage Coarsened Exact Matching approach to construct a sample of 36,204 U.S. patents with comparable leaving and staying inventors from public firms between 1983 and 2010, we find strong evidence supporting our framework. Our findings highlight the intricate interdependence of tacit and codified knowledge in corporate inventions and add to the literatures on inventor mobility and intellectual property management. 相似文献
20.
从母权社会到男权社会,女子的家庭地位一落千丈。恩格斯直言,只要女子走出家庭,参与社会化的劳动,摆脱经济束缚,就可以享有婚姻中与男子平等的地位。可是社会分工并未给女子平等地参与劳动的权利,女子只有通过教育先改变自己的社会地位,才能稳固家庭地位。 相似文献