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1.
采用停车线法建立了多相位信号交叉口通行能力模型,并对直行车道和左转车道均为一条以及直行车道为2条而左转车道为一条这2种常见状态下建立的模型进行了简化,结果表明信号交叉口通行能力主要和信号周期长度、相位配置、交叉口几何设计和车辆跟车时距等因素有关.考虑车辆到达率时的信号周期长度和相位配时设置问题,建立了基于各相位剩余时间均衡的优化模型,并采用拉格朗日乘子法对优化模型进行求解,从而确定出信号周期最佳时长以及各相位时长的计算模型,并对模型进行了简化.所建立周期和相位时长的计算模型较现有的模型更简便实用.最后,选取了一个实际的交叉口,用所建立的模型对其周期和相位时长进行了设计. 相似文献
2.
吴娟莉 《福建工程学院学报》2015,(6):557-561
倒计时对信号交叉口的影响主要表现为对驾驶行为的影响。为量化驾驶行为规律,研究倒计时交叉口驾驶决策模型,探索其对通行效率的作用效果,以福州市典型交叉口为例,分析倒计时对信号交叉口驾驶决策的影响,以期为交通管理部门选用此类设施提供参考。 相似文献
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为使感应式交通信号控制系统中由于协调控制方案调整造成的额外延误和停车次数最小,基于先进交通管理系统数据设计了基于随机理论的相位差计算方法. 在感应式信号控制系统中,干线的绿灯启动时间是随机的. 基于支线绿灯时间中断机理,应用随机理论分析支线未使用绿灯时间的分布. 最佳干线绿灯启动时间可选取在绿灯时间返还概率最大处,以保证因干线绿灯启动时间变化而引起的停车和延误最小. 所提方法通过在交通状况接近于中国中小城市的美国缅因州的一个实例研究得到了进一步的论证,证实了新计算方法能够显著减低干线车辆行驶时间和延误. 相似文献
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Previous evidence suggests that a disruptive stimulus presented during the delay interval of a delayed matching-to-sample trial increases the rate of forgetting by pigeons. However, disruptive events have generally been presented for a period of time proportional to the delay interval. Thus, the observed increase in forgetting may be the result of greater exposure to these events at longer delays than at shorter ones. This possibility was examined by comparing the effects of houselight illumination for the entire delay, half the delay, or a constant 1.5 sec of each delay on pigeons’ delayed matching-to-sample accuracy. Presenting the houselight for a period of time proportional to each delay (i.e., the entire delay or half the delay) impaired accuracy more at longer delays than at shorter delays. By contrast, when the houselight was illuminated for 1.5 sec, irrespective of delay length, there was a greater impairment in accuracy at shorter delays than at longer delays. Thus, the increased rate of forgetting previously reported in the literature may be the result of unequal application of a disrupting stimulus across delays. 相似文献
6.
信号交叉口行人相位配时方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以信号交叉口行人相位配时为研究对象,针对信号交叉口行人和机动车对配时要求不一致以及我国行人相位清空时间不足的问题,借鉴HCM中行人绿灯最小时间和行人闪时间的计算公式,利用交通流理论,分析了行人相位和机动车相位关系,并建立了不同情况下行人信号配时方法,尤其是行人绿灯时间的调整方法.讨论了不同中央分隔带形式和宽度的行人过街方式,对计算参数的取值进行了研究,在此基础上,给出了不同情况下建议的行人配时计算模型. 相似文献
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为了给公交线路车辆调度提供重要参数及给公交运营管理和居民公交出行提供决策依据,应用车辆自动定位系统数据对公共交通运行时间可靠性进行了分析. 基于对公共交通运行时间的统计分析,提出变异系数、分布宽度、运行速度、堵率、规划时间、预留时间等 6 个指标,构建了公共交通运行时间可靠性评价分析框架. 苏州市某公交线路实例分析结果表明,所提出的评价指标体系简单直观,能有效反映该线路公交车辆运行的效率和稳定性,且公共交通运行时间可靠性具有随不同时段变化的特征. 相似文献
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研究了MIMO OFDM系统中最小描述长度(MDL)准则在均方根时延扩展估计中的应用. 分析了多径分量功率和多径分量的自相关矩阵之间的关系, 使MDL可有效地应用于RDS估计. 该估计器能以较低的计算复杂度给出RDS、噪声方差、信道功率和信噪比等多个实时信道参数的准确估计. 根据估计的多径分量功率, 利用MDL准则获得了当前信道环境下的路径数及它们各自时延的估计; 根据路径数得到了噪声方差和各径功率的估计, 从而得到当前信道的功率时延谱和均方根时延扩展的估计. 仿真结果表明该估计器可有效对抗信道中信噪比变化和频率选择性的影响. 相似文献
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Systematic errors in pigeons’ memory for event duration: Interaction between training and test delay
Marcia L. Spetch 《Learning & behavior》1987,15(1):1-5
Pigeons trained to choose different stimuli following short- and long-duration signals make disproportionately more “short” choices (i.e., “choose-short errors”) following an increase in the retention interval and more “choose-long errors” following a decrease in this delay. The present experiment provided a systematic investigation of how these selective errors depend on the relationship between the training delay and the test delay. Pigeons were first trained with a 0-sec delay between the signal (2- or 8-sec food presentations) and the choice stimuli (red- and blue-lit keys). On subsequent test trials with 5- and 10-sec delays, choose-short errors predominated. Next, the birds were trained with a constant 10-sec delay and then tested with shorter or longer delays on some trials. The birds now responded accurately and without selective errors at the 10-sec training delay, but made choose-long errors at shorter delays and choose-short errors at longer delays. Finally, the birds were trained with a constant 20-sec delay and then tested with shorter and longer delays. Choose-long errors again appeared at shorter test delays, choose-short errors at longer test delays, and no differential errors at the 20-sec training delay. The selectivity of these errors generally increased with the absolute difference between the training and test delay. Theoretical implications of these results are discussed. 相似文献
10.
Barry Schwartz 《Learning & behavior》1985,13(3):261-268
When pigeons are required to peck each of two keys in any order for reinforcement, stereotyped response sequences develop that are resistant to disruption by extinction, schedules of reinforcement, or contingencies requiring sequence variability. To test the hypothesis that stereotyped response sequences become integrated behavioral units, two experiments introduced within-sequence temporal delays of varying duration. Experiment 1 found that when a delay followed each peck in a sequence, there was substantial disruption of sequence performance that was independent of delay duration. However, such disruption was only temporary. Experiment 2 found that when the location of a delay within a sequence was varied, sequence disruption was a function of when, in a sequence, the delay occurred. Delays that occurred within sequence subunits had large effects, whereas delays that occurred between such subunits had small effects. The data indicate that pigeons can learn to bridge within-sequence delays, and suggest that response sequences are organized into “phrases.” 相似文献
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文章用运筹学排队理论来研究交通十字路口最佳红绿灯的转换比，先查标，取得样本，分析样本找出车流到达的分布规律，再用系统模拟的方法来进行检验其转换比的合理性。同时在对某市几个十字路口查标的基础上，对各个路口的交通流作分析计算，用停车线法计算得出理论值，把现有值、理论值和查标计算出的优化值对比分析，可以找出三者之间的明显差距，应用排队理论的优化值是最佳的。 相似文献
12.
为提高城市主干道交通通行能力,通过建立多交叉口信号配时的优化模型,对主干道单点交叉口配时优化和相邻交叉口之间相位差的线性协调进行研究,并利用Matlab软件对模型进行求解。最后以福建省莆田市荔城南大道与国道G324、荔园西路两个相邻交叉口为优化对象,并利用Synchro软件对优化结果进行仿真。结果表明,优化方案使交叉口服务水平提高一个等级,两个交叉口总延迟时间降低20.1%。 相似文献
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散客时代的突然到来,使得我国散客旅游服务体系的保障工作迫在眉睫。如何为散客营造一个宽松、便利、安全的旅游环境,增强散客旅游的接待能力,提升散客旅游市场综合竞争力,是散客旅游时代快速增长的迫切需要。 相似文献
14.
Rats on an eight-arm radial maze chose between four arms on which a small reward could be obtained after a short delay and
four arms on which a larger reward could be obtained after a longer delay. Experiments 1 and 2 showed that rats preferred
the long-delay, large-reward arms over the short-delay, small-reward arms. This preference was particularly marked when the
arms were made into enclosed alleys. Experiment 3 showed that this effect was not produced by a preference for staying in
enclosed alleys. We argue that the rats endured longer delays to obtain larger rewards when fear of predation was minimized. 相似文献
15.
In three delayed matching-to-sample experiments, pigeons were given distinctive stimuli that were either correlated or uncorrelated with the scheduled retention intervals. Experiment 1 employed a single-key, go/no-go matching procedure with colors as the sample and test stimuli; lines of differing orientations signaled short or long delays for one group, whereas the lines and the delays were uncorrelated for the other group. The function relating discriminative test performance to delay length was steeper in the correlated group than in the uncorrelated group. In addition, the line orientation stimuli controlled differential rates of sample responding in the correlated group, but not in the uncorrelated group. In Experiment 2, subjects extensively trained with correlated line orientations were exposed to reversed cues on probe trials. Miscuing decreased discriminative test responding at the short delay, but enhanced it at the long delay. As in the correlated group of the first experiment, rates of sample keypecking were higher in the presence of the “short” time tag than in the presence of the ”long” time tag. Experiment 3 used a three-key choice-matching procedure and a within-subjects design, and equated reinforcement rate at the short and long delays. When auditory stimuli were correlated with delay length, the function relating choice accuracy to delay was steeper than when the stimuli and the delays were uncorrelated. The consistent effects of signaled retention intervals on memory performance may be understood in terms of differential attention to the sample stimuli. 相似文献
16.
Frans van Haaren 《Learning & behavior》1981,9(3):425-431
The effects of changeover delays of fixed or variable duration on concurrent variable-interval performance in pigeons were investigated in a series of three experiments. Experiment 1 compared the effects of a fixed, variable, or variable signaled changeover delay on interchangeover times and responding during and after the changeover delay. The duration of the changeover delays was systematically varied in Experiment 2, and the relative reinforcement frequencies were manipulated in Experiment 3. Interchangeover times were found to be shorter when changeover delays of variable duration were compared with those of fixed duration. Changeover delays of fixed duration produced higher response rates during the changeover delay than after the changeover delay had elapsed; changeover delays of variable duration produced such differences to a lesser extent. It was concluded that the changeover delay in concurrent variable-interval schedules of reinforcement functionally acts as a delay period to the next opportunity for reinforcement, possibly serving as a conditioned reinforcer for the behavior preceding it (the interchangeover time) and as a discriminative stimulus for the behavior in its presence (response rates during the delay). 相似文献
17.
In Experiment 1, pigeons were trained in a within-subjects design to discriminate sequences of light flashes (illumination of the feeder) that varied in number, but not in time (2f/4sec and 8f/4sec), and in time, but not in number (4f/2sec and 4f/8sec). Number samples required a response to one of two comparison dimensions (either color or line), whereas time samples required a response to the remaining comparison dimension. Delay testing revealed a significant choose-small bias following number samples and a significant choose-long bias following time samples. In Experiment 2, testing confirmed that in the absence of a sample, there was a bias to respond small to the number comparisons and long to the time comparisons. Additional tests indicated that the birds were discriminating time samples on the basis of the number of light flashes occurring during the last few seconds of the time samples, rather than on the basis of the total duration of the flash sequence. Consequently, the choose-long bias observed for time samples during delay testing was really a choose-small bias. In Experiment 3, the birds received baseline training with a 5-sec delay and were subsequently tested at shorter and longer delays. A choose-large bias occurred at delays shorter than the baseline training delay, whereas a choose-small bias was again observed at delays longer than the baseline delay. These findings provide additional empirical support for the conceptualizing of memory for number and time in terms of a common mechanism. 相似文献
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研究了双时滞水体富营养化生态模型.从对模型特征方程根的分布分析入手,讨论了模型平衡点的稳定性,确定了模型的线性稳定性区域,发现当模型中的时滞经过一系列临界值时,模型在平衡点附近经历了Hopf分支.最后,数值模拟验证了理论结果. 相似文献
19.
谢于民 《鞍山师范学院学报》2006,8(6):4-7
考虑了一个时滞变系数SIR传染病模型,并获得了含有时滞的下界,且不同于其它文章的系统持久性条件,进一步给出疾病灭绝的充分条件.其目的是讨论变系数及时滞对系统持久与疾病根除的影响. 相似文献
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The sleep mode which works upon low arrival traffic is introduced in IEEE802.16e standard to reduce the power consumption of the mobile access terminal. Due to the rapid growth in the sleep interval in the exponential growth algorithm prescribed in IEEE802.16e, the power saving efficiency of the mobile access terminal is limited and the average delay time of receiving data frames is prolonged when the arrival rate of data frames is low. To obtain lower power consumption and shorter average delay time, the l... 相似文献